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THE RED
NETWORK

ELIZABETH DILLJNC

A "WHO'S WHO" AND HANDBOOK
OF RADICALISM FOR PATRIOTS

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Received Marck 10 — 19-36

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THE RED NETWORK

A "Who's Who" and Handbook
of Radicalism for Patriots

ELIZABETH DILLING

(Mrs. Albert W. Dilling)

Published by the Author

545 ESSEX ROAD . . KENILWORTH, ILLINOIS
53 WEST JACKSON BOULEVARD, CHICAGO

BY
ELIZABETH DILLING

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing— April 1934
Second Printing— May 1934
Third Printing— July 1934

DEDICATED TO THE "PROFESSIONAL PATRIOTS"

Without committing them to its statements, this book is admiringly dedi-
cated to all those sincere fighters for American liberty and Christian principles
who, because of their opposition to Red propaganda and the "new social
order" of Marx and Lenin, are denounced as "professional patriots", super-
patriots", "100 per centers", "patrioteers", and "Tories" by their Red oppo-
nents. Particular mention is gratefully made of those "patrioteers" who have
aided and encouraged the author in her effort to bring to the sound but still
sleeping portion of the American public the truth about the Communist-
Socialist world conspiracy which, with its four horsemen, Atheism, Immorality,
Class Hatred, and Pacifism-for-the-sake-of-Red-revolution, is boring within
our churches, schools and government and is undermining America like a
cancerous growth. Among these are:

The national headquarters of the staunch D. A. R. (of which the author,
unfortunately, is not a member), which reprinted each article in her former
pamphlet "Red Revolution" and sent copies to each chapter in the U. S. A.
The D. A. R. members are the best informed body of women in America on
this subject and are correspondingly detested by the Reds.

Senator Clayton R. Lusk, whose gift of the most valuable and complete
4,450-page four-volume Report of the Joint Legislative Committee of the
State of New York Investigating Seditious Activities, a report based upon
indisputable documentary evidence made by the committee which he headed,
has made available the background and information concerning the Red move-
ment up to the year 1920, when it was issued, which is incorporated within
this book.

Lt. Nelson E. Hewitt, a super-expert-patriot who has devoted twelve years
of his life to active statistical work and study on Red subversive activities,
who edits the Advisory Associates weekly Bulletins which every "super-
patriot" needs (P. O. Box. 403, Chicago) and who has given the greatest
personal aid of all, having devoted a number of full days of his time to check-
ing and supplying information used in this book.

Francis Ralston Welsh, Philadelphia attorney and research expert on sub-
versive activities — a real "super-patriot" — who has sent many excellent
reports.

Miss Margaret Kerr, executive secretary of the "professional patriots' "
Better America Federation, which placed and has kept the Criminal Syn-
dicalism Law on the statute books of California despite the frantic efforts of
the Reds to repeal it — who has sent valuable data.

Mr. Walter Steele, manager of the "100 per centers' " National Republic
magazine (511 llth St. N. W., Wash., D. C.) and author of its articles on
subversive activities which are unsurpassed, who has sent excellent special
information. All "patrioteers" need the "National Republic" (price $2.00
yearly) .

Mr. Harry Jung, a "professional patriot", of the American Vigilant Intelli-
gence Federation, sufficiently annoying in his anti-Red "free speech" to be

Dedication

honored by intimidating libel suits filed by the notorious "free-speech-for-
Reds-only" A. C. L. U. (whose Chicago office is the office of its member, Carl
Haessler of the Communist school of Red revolution and the Reds' Federated
Press). Mr. Jung kindly loaned the author some documents.

Mr. John B. Chappie, editor of the Ashland (Wis.) Press, author of
"La Follette-Socialism," etc., whose courageous exposure in the face of death
threats of the Socialist-Communist network in Wisconsin defeated the La Fol-
lette dynasty in the 1932 election for the first time in forty years, who sent
his helpful book and pamphlets to the author.

Those who have assembled large and distinctive audiences to hear the
author's lectures, among them: Paul G. Armstrong, Vice Commander Dept.
of 111., American Legion, and many other valiant Legion Commanders; U. S.
Army and Navy Officers Club; the men of the Chicago Military Intelligence;
leaders of: the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs; Moody Church and
Bible Institute; Women's Patriotic League; Catholic organizations; Funda-
mentalist and other anti-Bolshevik, anti-Atheist Churches; Clubs; Community
mass meetings; etc., etc.

Col. Sidney Story, lecturer and fiery patriot; W. H. Chesbrough, Wis-
consin Commander of the G. A. R. ; Maude Howe of the Canadian Christian
Crusade (against atheism) ; Nesta Webster, world famous English historian
and author of "Surrender of an Empire", "World Revolution", "French
Revolution", etc.; my friends Mr. and Mrs. George Cretors, residents of
Soviet Russia while Mr. Cretors was employed there as an engineer; Mr.
John E. Waters, also a former engineer for the Soviet Government, whose
true story entitled "Red Justice" is available at 50c (P. O. Box 242, Madison,
Wis.) ; Mr. Carveth Wells, famous lecturer and author of "Kapoot", a graphic
account of his Russian experiences; Mrs. C. D. Shipley, tireless patriotic
worker in Waukegan, 111., a Red stronghold.

After reading the author's pamphlet "Red Revolution", David Kinley,
the brilliant and loyal-American president-emeritus of the University of Illi-
nois, wrote in part: "I congratulate you on your clear and earnest exposition
of the situation, and I quite agree with you that it is time something were
done to prevent the evil influence of the advocates of Communism and their
allies. The allies include a good many people who would refuse to be called
Communists, but whose influence, through various associations, tends to
strengthen the work and claims of that group. I agree with you that it is
time that parents should look more closely into the influence of the teachers
of the schools and colleges which their children attend."

Mr. and Mrs. James H. Watt of Chicago declare: "From a viewpoint
gained through our recent residence of fifteen months in an American engi-
neering colony in Soviet Russia, the statements of Mrs. Albert W. Billing
concerning conditions prevalent in that country are found to be absolutely
authentic and of invaluable import."

May "professional patriots" increase and multiply; may they cease to be
lone voices crying in the wilderness; may their number and activities grow
strong enough to avert now threatening Socialism or Fascism, and to pre-
serve for America, Christianity, the American Constitution, and American
liberty. (See "Professional Patriots" under Organizations herein.)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Dedication (To "Professional Patriots") 5

PART I

Miscellaneous Articles

Russian Revolution — Do we want it here? 9

Have We Recognized Russia? 14

"O! Let Them Blow Off Steam— As They Do in England!" 16

Communist Organization in the U.S.A 17

Red Army in the U.S.A 21

Communist Party and Religion 22

Socialist Party and Religion 23

Women and Socialism 27

"Christian" Socialism 28

"Methodists Turn Socialistic" 33

"News" 38

Jail or Asylum for Me — Suggests "Liberal" Mondale 41

Who Are They? 45

Gandhi 45

Glenn Frank 46

Einstein 48

Jane Addams 51

G. Bromley Oxnam 53

Carl Haessler— "Red Ravinia" 54

"I Am Not Interested" 59

1. So-Called "Pacifism"— Is It Christian or Red? 61

2. Pacifism and Its Red Aids 65

Socialist Party (and the New Deal) 69

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 74

Capitalism, Hewer and "Chiseler" of American Greatness 91

Fascism . 99

PART II

Organizations, Etc.

Descriptive data concerning more than 460 Communist, Radical Paci-
fist, Anarchist, Socialist, I.W.W. controlled organizations and
agencies. The names are alphabetically arranged. See Index for

list 101

Abbreviations of Words 253

Explaining some "Red" Terms 254

Contents

PART III

"Who's Who"

PAGE

Who Is Who in Radicalism? 257

This "Who's Who" 258

Listing about 1,300 persons who are leading members of the organiza-
tions listed in Part II. Most of the organizations referred to in the
"Who's Who" are described and discussed in Part II and the
abbreviations used are listed along with the full organization names
in the Index.

INDEX

Part I — Miscellaneous Articles 337

Part II— Organizations, Etc 338

Part III— "Who's Who" . 352

Facsimile Illustrations

Showing Soviet Anti-religious Cartoon in "Economic Justice,"

Bulletin of National Religion and Labor Foundation 100

A.C.L.U. Letter in Behalf of Radical Legislation — Lists

National Committee and Officers 110

Another Similar A.C.L.U. Letter— Scoffs at "Patriots" 122

Letter of Chicago Committee for Struggle Against War —

Lists Intl., Am. and Chgo. Committees 174

Letter of Labor Defense Council, Formed for Defense of

Bridgman Communists — Reveals Interlocking of Reds 182

Showing Communist Cartoon of Jesus Reproduced in "Economic

Justice" with Editorial Comment and List of Editors 202

Pro-Soviet Letter of National Religion and Labor Foundation —

Lists Its Leaders 205

Significant Letter Sent Out by Socialist Public Ownership League

Revealing Its Close Ties with Secretary Ickes 256

PART I
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Do We Want It Here?

To one who has seen Russia, unblinded by the propaganda of a few
"model" institutions shown to tourists and built by foreign brains and capital,
this talk of "revolution" here to better economic conditions strikes terror to
the heart. One recalls those great civilizations in history which were laid to
waste and were then for centuries unable to rise again.

In the Moscow "Museum of the Revolution'', I saw racks and racks of
photographs taken during the Russian Revolution and its attendant famine.
These pictures of people who starved to death lying in the streets where they
fell, cannibalistic views of dead mothers and babies with half-eaten bodies,
and revolutionary scenes of stark horror and misery, were revolting past
description.

The Soviet government woman-guide showing us these said she had lost
two members of her own family in this famine and had seen worse scenes
herself around Odessa. Later I shuddered as I heard her announce: "There
is no use to waste time here in the Foreign Department (of the Museum).
You people all read newspapers. You know what we are doing in China,
Spain, and in your own country — our strikes and all. Our world revolution
will start with China and end with the United States" In this Department
is a map of the United States re-districted and with our cities renamed as
they are expected to be "when the red flag waves over the White House." On
this map Cleveland is renamed "Ruthenberg", Detroit is "Lewistown", etc.
Since I heard these ominous words of our guide, the December 24, 1931, issue
of "Inprecorr" announced that "the Soviet power has already been set up
over a sixth part of China"; the Communist "Daily Worker" of April 5,
1932, in an article entitled "The Growth of the Soviet Power in China",
gave details of great new Red Army victories in China. No wonder Com-
munists demonstrate in front of Japanese embassies against "imperialist"
war on China.

In January 1933, authorities reported seven provinces and at least
80,000,000 Chinese Sovietized, and an inner Chinese Soviet state which had
an army of many thousand troops trained by German and Russian officers.
Officers, arms and supplies were being sent from the U. S. S. R. by an ancient
caravan route through Outer Mongolia, a large territory practically annexed
to the U. S. S. R. after a revolution was engineered there in 1921, a point the
League of Nations remained strangely silent about. Sovietization is increas-
ing steadily in China.

The dirty, drab dilapidation of Russia, with its uncurtained, broken win-
dows and unrepaired roofs, but with idle crowds roving the streets, bespeaks
the loss of private ownership which always fosters personal interest and

10 The Red Network

initiative. Communism has indeed abolished wealth in Russia. The wealth
of those "liquidated" millions of the intelligentsia, aristocratic, middle, and
small-land-holding classes, who have been killed or leveled down, has made
way for universal poverty. Thirty per cent of the poorer portion of the
160,000,000 Russian population still remain to be dispossessed or "liqui-
dated", and so, unceasingly, great train loads of those resisting "collectiv-
ization" travel the rails to Siberia. Ellery Walter counted, recently, in four
weeks' time, seventeen train loads, some forty cars long, of such people. Men,
women and children peered out at him through the bars. They were enroute
to hard labor, prison camps, or death in Siberia.

Siberia is now populated as never before with exiled peasants who have
spoken bitterly about, or resisted, the giving up of their pigs, cows, or little
homes, or nearly all of their grain, or have offended by upholding religion,
and consequently are being punished as "counter revolutionaries" or
"damagers".

Tourists in Moscow may see, near their hotels, during late night and
early morning hours, the "wild" or deserted children sleeping in doorways.
These are not the same wild hordes of children seen during the revolution
sixteen or more years ago, for those would now be grown. These are a new
crop, produced not only by low living conditions but also by conditions of
low living, fostered by the Communist government destruction of faith in
God, religion, and morality. Lenin's wife said in "Pravda" (the official
organ of the Communist Party of Russia) : "We have seven million deserted
children officially registered and eighty thousand who have been gathered
into our asylums. How many more are wandering about Russia?" Couples
may simply live together or register quickly as married or divorced by pay-
ment of a ruble. These can hardly support the children of several successive
unions on incomes barely sufficient for their own existence.

Of course, a hospital we visited bragged of forty abortions performed that
morning, and an "educational" movie viewed by a friend showed pictorially,
to a mixed audience, old and new abortion methods and the benefits of the
latter.

While visiting a "model" institution for children at the Tsar's old summer
palace at Tsarskoye Selo, we photographed the little tots, naked from the
waist up, running around in our party. Some not over six years old had
learned enough English to beg "Gimme a cigarette, gimme a cigarette!" In
this, and in other respects, our American institutions for six-year-olds are
unlike the "model" products of the Russian Revolution. Concerning the
Russian conditions, the U. S. Fish report on Communism says: "Documents
and books presented to the committee indicate that the most terrible kinds
of vice are encouraged among the young school children in order to break
down their family influence which is the foundation of all religion." Sie-
mashko, Soviet Commissar of Health, confessed at one time that venereal
disease "had reached the proportions of a terrible plague".

My friends Mr. and Mrs. George Cretors have returned from Russia,
where he, an American engineer, was in charge of 475,000 acres as agri-
cultural expert for the Soviet government. They tell of the openly free sex
relations among the 700 children between the ages of 11 and 17 in the
"model" cooperative children's institution on this project, and of indecent

Russian Revolution — Do We Want It Here? U

practices taught in the school there by a Soviet official from Moscow, and
of the long line of these children who waited in line to be treated for social
disease when a doctor and nurse came there for that purpose.

All of the churches our guides took us to visit had been converted into
anti-religious museums. Life-size manikins are dressed up in church robes
and the most revolting interpretations of religious subjects are portrayed by
them and by colored cartoons tacked up on large bulletin boards so that the
crowds of young workers who are taken through may see and have explained
to them by Soviet guides how ridiculous religious faith is. The most exquisite
church of all, the Church of the Redeemer in Moscow, was then about to be
dynamited to make way for a "Palace of the Soviets". I have movies of nude
bathing in the river taken in the heart of Moscow, men and women together,
with the Church of the Redeemer in the background. Beautiful St. Isaac's
Cathedral in Leningrad, then an anti-religious museum, is now used as an
atheist theatre as part of the new five-year plan to close all houses of worship
by 1937 and to eradicate even the thought of God from the minds of the
people by a militant anti-God campaign.

Our guides took us to the Torgsin stores for foreign tourists, where gold
trinkets, paintings, art objects, church robes and ikons, looted from their
former owners, are sold by the Soviet government for foreign gold only. But
no visitor or proletarian Russian gets inside the Soviet officials' special stores,
where the best is sold to the higher-ups at lowest prices. The windows of
these stores are whitewashed and a guard with a gun stands out in front. Nor
did our guides take us to visit the poor, miserable workers' stores, where
long lines wait whenever merchandise is offered at prices the worker can afford
to pay. My friends living there did take me, however. Goods on the half-
empty shelves were labeled in several stores "For Display Purposes Only".
Only counter supplies were for sale. An oil barrel in one had a sign "There
is no more", which had been there for eight months, I was told. In one store,
buzzing flies fought over three cheeses, priced at eight, ten, and twelve rubles
(four, five, and six dollars) per pound. Three fish displayed were priced at
$3.75 per pound. A thin, fly-specked box of candy was priced at $5.00, small
individual pieces priced about twenty cents each, although a Woolworth
buyer in New York was offered all the Soviet candy he could use at a penny
a pound delivered. Incidentally, he patriotically bought American candy at
five cents a pound instead.

The products of Russian workers are dumped abroad to break the markets
of capitalistic countries, to pay for some machinery which is rusted and unfit
for use in a short time, and to pay for propagandizing Communist revolution
throughout the world.

There was no meat in the stores when I was there, as it was August and
there is no ice. Everything is strictly rationed. Soap was $1.30 a bar and
limited to two bars a month. Black bread, dried herring, and cucumbers
seemed to be the actual purchases of the average buyer, except at one store
which offered carrots and at another which offered tomatoes, both of which
had previously been impossible to procure. Long lines waited to buy these
specialties. Milk is sold at a special store and only to those with certificates
showing that they have infants.

I saw scaffoldings on numerous buildings, but while there saw no one

12 The Red Network

working on them. An American engineer who had been there three years said
nobody in that time had worked on a scaffolding across the street from our
hotel. I saw buildings which had been slopped over outside with whitewash
a long time before, to judge by their soiled appearance, and yet the windows,
splotched and streaked with the whitewash, still remained unwashed. I saw
no window curtains anywhere, but I am told there are a few in Russia.

Two of the three busses we rode in in Leningrad broke down. The
streets and roads were very much torn up and rutted, and the government
cars rented to our party were trembling and unsure. On one trip, a wheel
came off of one, and an axle broke on another. However, one day we had
the use of some very good Packards and Buicks. These were the private cars
of minor Soviet officials, loaned to us. I was told there were over seventy
Rolls-Royces then in use in Moscow as the private cars of Soviet officials. Of
course, the poor bundle-laden proletarian who walks or hangs out of an over-
crowded street car is told that these cars are not the officials' "private" cars
but are only for their "private use". The Socialist slogan is "Production for
use, not for profit." (Whose use, whose profit?) Outside the towns, people
poured out of old, dilapidated houses to see us go by. Auto traffic is a novelty.

The incessant propaganda about Communism and about what Russia is
going to do is the only lively feature about Russia. So many of the widely-
publicized and supposedly photographed projects are merely on paper. Din-
giness, bad smells, and a sense of fear pervades everything. The last manager
of the Grand Hotel in Moscow with his wife and children had been awakened
at three o'clock in the morning by the G. P. U. (secret police) and had not
since been heard of. They have a saying "Only the G. P. U. works fast in
Russia." My friends showed me their letters, which plainly had been opened
and glued together again before reaching them. All dispatches by foreign
newspaper correspondents are censored before entering or leaving Russia.
Our ship was not allowed to use its radio while within Russian waters.

Russian workers pay out about 30% of their earnings in taxes, such as
the "culture tax" (for the privilege of reading newspapers and hearing propa-
ganda at Workers' Clubs), a "housing tax" (to build houses for others), a
"cooperative store tax" (for the privilege of buying at government stores),
and an income tax. Besides, all workers must occasionally "voluntarily" give
their whole month's wages to the government as a loan. Russians are for-
bidden to possess foreign money. Guards, barbed wire, spies, and heavy
penalties inflicted on relatives left behind deter Russians from leaving Russia.

The bedbugs in the Grand Hotel were wild about me, the listless waiters
not interested at all. Some beautiful marble statues, large Sevres vases, fly-
specked crystal chandeliers, and massive old furniture remained, contrasting
sharply with bare floors and cheap new iron beds. The hotel elevator ran
once in a while, when not out of order. The dingy-windowed empty stores
which line the streets (for only here and there a government store is oper-
ating) give a dismal appearance to the large cities. The few outcast private
peddlers who remained when I was there were ragged and wretched looking
individuals and were soon to be strictly dealt with and banned.

The hotel food was the best Russia provides for its tourists who pay pre-
cious foreign money and was infinitely better than the Russians get, but it had

Russian Revolution — Do We Want It Here? 13

a kinship with the smelliness of everything connected with it and affected the
digestion peculiarly — due it was said to benzoate of soda preservatives used.
Ragged proletarians loaded with bundles fill the railroad stations. The
mattress and pillow tickings of the special first-class sleepers we rode on were
revoltingly dirty. On the train, unwrapped black-bread sandwiches were
handed to us out of a basket by a girl with soiled hands about 9 A. M. Regular
breakfast was served at the hotels between 10 and 11 A. M., luncheon between
3 and 4, and supper between 10 and 11 P. M. Fresh fruit was non-existent;
it is exported.

We were constantly told how much better off the Russians are now than
they were before the Revolution. To be sure, we visited suburban homes
formerly owned by well-to-do families now in use as "Workers' Clubs," or
"Homes of Rest and Culture," as they are called. In one of these, workers
in undershirts were sitting around, one hammering on the grand piano. Their
old hats were hung on an elaborate old lamp and the marble statuary. Beauti-
ful paintings of the former owners still hung at each end of the paneled din-
ing room. The floors were bare and none too clean and there were iron cots
in living room and dining room. The dining table was covered with soiled
oil cloth and set with black bread and soup for the noonday meal of the
inmates. A plaster bust of Lenin with a red necktie tied slightly askew graced
the window seat in the living room. Out of the window, we saw and photo-
graphed girls very scantily clad lying in the tall grass of what had once been
the garden, near an ornamental pool then filled with trash.

I was never in Russia before the Revolution. But as I passed miles of
homes along the roads now neglected and nearly falling down and noted how
many of them had ginger-bread carvings on them, it occurred to me that
someone must have cared for them more than their present occupants do,
or else they would never have bothered to carve them. As I watched the
workers in the stores and noted what they were buying, I concluded that if
they had formerly had less to eat than they were now getting they would not
have survived. I met Russian bourgeois exiles in Switzerland who had escaped
only with their lives and whose relatives had been killed after the Revolution.
I believe that those exiles and the millions who were killed are more fortunate
than the poor Russian proletarian left behind living as a mere cog in a God-
less, slavedriving state machine.

Stepping from Russia into Esthonia is like stepping from the slums into a
comfortable neighborhood. Until only fifteen years ago, Esthonia was a part
of Russia; but it has since had democratic government and private trade.
The clean window curtains and potted flowers, and the busy bustle of trade
and traffic, and the general air of well being contrast sharply with gloomy
Russia.

When over one thousand Communists rioted in front of the Chicago School
Board offices (March 27, 1932), they bore a placard: "We Want Soviet
Conditions Here." Some misguided Americans, openly or covertly, are
echoing this sentiment. The universities seem to have joined the gutter Com-
munists in "going Red." They unite in using the argument that inasmuch
as the American "economic system" has "collapsed" we must have Russian
revolution to right matters.

14 The Red Network

Owing to the spirit of Christian (not atheist) mercy, deeply ingrained in
the American people, no one is starving, or will starve, here, who asks for
aid. I compare the miserable food and living conditions of Russians who
work, with the rations of our county and charity unemployed poor, to the
latter's advantage. Moreover, no free-born American can conceive of the
Soviet despotic regulation of the smallest personal matters of conduct and
conversation, nor understand the haunting fear of the terrorist secret police
which even the American tourist in Russia senses. Much less would Amer-
icans want to live under such "Soviet conditions" here.

While I was in Moscow, factory workers who had long protested bad
working conditions decided to strike. At once soldiers and machine guns
surrounded the factory. The workers were given fifteen minutes to decide
whether to work or be blown to bits. They worked.

The present economic depression or "collapse" is not as unprecedented
as was the era of prosperity which just preceded it. No other country at any
time has ever had a standard of living, a condition of general welfare, to
compare with ours. Since our struggling little thirteen colonies pioneered
through to the foundation of this nation, we have survived wars and many
depressions (or "collapses") without halting our upward march and with-
out ceasing to be the mecca of the whole world. Immigration barriers have
been necessary to hold back the multitudes drawn here by the opportunities
and liberty offered under our form of government. Africa, South America,
and other lands have soil and resources as rich, but they have lacked our
government and those American principles which have inspired progress in
the people of all nationalities who have come here to make America their
home.

Macauley, the historian, said: "Your Republic will be pillaged and rav-
aged in the twentieth century, just as the Roman Empire was by the bar-
barians of the fifth century, with this difference, that the devastators of the
Roman Empire came from abroad, while your barbarians will be the people
of your country, and the products of your own institutions."

Within each person lies the spirit and the power to help guide events in
this nation either toward Russian revolution, with all its horrors, or upward
toward firmer American principles and new American progress. Will our peo-
ple rise in this crisis, as they have before, or will they at last fall? That
depends upon you and me.

HAVE WE RECOGNIZED RUSSIA?

Have we recognized the poor Russian peasants deprived of food cards
and deliberately "liquidated" — starved to death — by the Soviet Government
within the last year as "class enemies," a number estimated at three million
by Ralph Barnes of the N. Y. Herald Tribune, four million by Henry Cham-
berlain of the Manchester Guardian of England, and five million by pro-
Soviet Walter Duranty of the N. Y. Times?

"At the recent London Economic Conference Maxim Litvinov . . . calmly
admitted to an European diplomat that the sacrifice of fifteen to twenty
million more people will be readily agreed to by the Soviet Government in
order to transform Russia into a real Communist State" (from "America"
of Nov. 25, 1933).

Have We Recognized Russia? IS

Anna Smirnova, Moscow factory worker, answering questions about Russia
in the communist Daily Worker of Nov. 10, 1933 says: "It is true that we
are unmercifully driving from our ranks and from our enterprises all those
'wreckers' and counter revolutionary forces in our midst — those forces that
are using all their intelligence and physical strength to hold us back and to
establish a capitalist society among us. ... To take the place of the Church we
have given the workers the theatre . . . club houses, etc. To take the place of
the Bible and the priests, books concerning the class struggle by Lenin and
Stalin. There are quite a few churches left in the U. S. S. R. It is true that
with each year the number grows less . . . little by little through their con-
tacts with this culture of ours they" (the believers) "are being won over to
the cause of the workers' struggle to establish a Socialist Society and they
find little place or time in their lives to think of religion." (Won over by the
example of the "liquidated.")

Have we recognized the hapless Christians or the helpless majority of the
Russian people now living under the iron dictatorship of their Communist
Party which comprises but 1% of the population?

We have not. We have recognized the Communist Party Government of
Russia and its Communist International, which are one and which are striv-
ing for similar power in America. We are financing agitations for our own
destruction and supplying millions of dollars worth of cotton to be used for
explosives for a war, perhaps, against anti-communist Japan, Asia's only bul-
wark against Communism now. We have made a pact with Hell to help pro-
vide the Cross upon which to crucify Christian civilization.

"Tut tut — be broadminded ! " says the man educated beyond his own
intelligence. One is reminded of two prisoners discussing a fellow prisoner
in a motion picture. One asked "What is he in for? Didn't he kill his mud-
der?" "Sure," replied the other, "he cut his old lady's t'roat— but he's
sor-ry. He's a good guy!"

The most broadminded can not say that the Soviet Government is sorry.
It is proud and hopeful of similar opportunities for revolution in America
and fifty-eight other countries. As the world's outstanding nation that with-
held recognition of the murder regime for 16 years, we now capitulate and
provide it with new hope, new pride, new funds for the fulfillment of its aims.

As a reward the communist Daily Worker editorially promises us the
following (Nov. 20, 1933):

"The success of recognition, which the workers throughout the world will
celebrate and greet as a harbinger of greater advances for the workers of the
Soviet Union, and the revolutionary proletariat throughout the world, was
made possible by the stalwart and brilliant leadership of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union, the Party of Lenin and Stalin, a section of the
Communist International.

"Revolutionary Way Out of Crisis"

"The Communist Party of the U. S. A., section of the Communist Inter-
national, points out that the only guarantee of peace is the abolition of cap-
italism. Its main task is the abolition of capitalism in the United States.

"The deepening of the crisis of American capitalism, the growing sym-
pathy for the Soviet Union, gives the Communist Party of the U. S. A. the

16 The Red Network

widest possibilities of convincing and winning the American toiling masses
for the revolutionary way out of the crisis.

"In this country, the Communist Party, section of the Communist Inter-
national, basing itself on the principles of Lenin and Stalin, will more deter-
minedly than ever strive to win the American workers for the revolutionary
way out of the crisis, for the emulation of the Soviet Union and its revolu-
tionary victories."

M. J. Olgin, member of the central committee of the Communist Party,
and editor of the Jewish Communist organ, "Freiheit," has written a pamph-
let since recognition of Russia by the United States, entitled "Why Com-
munism," which is even clearer in its open advocacy of violent destruction
of the United States government. It should be read by everyone, particularly
by those who have any belief in the piffle printed in the daily press about
cessation of Soviet communistic activities in the United States. To quote but
a small part of it:

"The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is affiliated with the Com-
munist International. It is the most influential but not the only influential
party in the International. It is one part but not the whole of the Inter-
national. Its advice is highly precious because it has long accomplished what
the Communist Parties of the world are only striving at — the proletarian
revolution. The advice and experiences of the other parties, however, is also
of great value in determining the policies of the Comintern. The seat of the
Comintern is Moscow because this is the capital of the only workers' and
peasants' government in the world, and the Comintern can meet there freely.
As the workers become rulers of other countries, the Comintern will not have
to confine its meetings to Moscow alone.

"The Communist Party of the U. S. A. is thus a part of a world-wide
organization which gives it guidance and enhances its fighting power. Under
the leadership of the Communist Party, the workers of the U. S. A. will pro-
ceed from struggle to struggle, from victory to victory, until, rising in a revolu-
tion, they will crush the capitalist State, establish a Soviet State, abolish the
cruel and bloody system of capitalism and proceed to the upbuilding of
Socialism."

"O, LET THEM BLOW OFF STEAM— AS THEY DO
IN ENGLAND"

Before obligingly parroting this subtle Red propaganda:

1. Read the Communist press and the Workers Schools leaflets and see
there the headlined quotation: " 'Without revolutionary theory there can
be no revolutionary practise? Lenin." Thousands of dollars are continually
raised for the Red press in order to "blow steam" into the Red movement,
with this statement of Lenin's heading the printed pleas for funds.

2. Read: "The Surrender of an Empire" by Nesta Webster, "Potted
Biographies" (of British statesmen), and the weekly "Patriot" of London,
to gain some actual picture of England's blind grapple with Socialism-Com-
munism within. (Boswell Pub. Co., 10 Essex St., London, W. C. 2.)

3. Read in this book, in the daily press, and A. C. L. U. reports, of the
determined fight the A. C. L. U. (directed by Communists, Socialists and

"O, Let Them Blow OS Steam" 17

sympathizers) wages to secure the "free speech" for Reds to "blow steam"
into the Red movement, whereas Michael Gold's statement in the Daily
Worker, Oct. 28, 1933, is typical of the Communist-Socialist view of "free
speech" for others. To quote: "This whole controversy over free speech
is an academic one with these ivory-tower liberals. To the worker it is some-
thing as real as murder. It is part of the class war, not something in the
clouds. Free speech is not an inalienable right, but something to be fought
for — a class weapon. It is not to be given up to scabs in a strike, or to Nazis
and Ku Kluxers. We are not interested in hearing what they have to say —
we only wish to labor that they may not exist" Read herein what Robt.
Briffault says of "liquidating" dissenters in the article "Recovery Through
Revolution" under "Organizations."

4. Take note that the Garland Fund appropriation "to investigate spy
activities of the U. S. Department of Justice" and the National Popular Gov-
ernment League's false charges resulted in successfully shutting off the
appropriation of U. S. funds to the Dept. of Justice for the purpose of
investigating Red activities in the U. S. A. This was in 1925. We have since
had no actual protection from the Government against Reds except some
barring and deportation of Reds by the late Mr. Doak through the Dept.
of Labor. "Miss" Perkins has now changed that. Then note that the Com-
munist Party (see Communist Organization in the U. S. A.), which was
illegal and was raided at Bridgman, Michigan in 1922, after 1925 came out
more boldly, until in 1928 all camouflage was thrown aside and it labeled
itself "Communist Party of the U. S. A. (Section of the Communist Inter-
national)." Since 1928, it has increased its organizing Party workers to
27,000 members and enlisted a membership in its subsidiary organizations of
1,200,000 members, approximately the number of Communists now holding
down Russia's 160,000,000 people who, however, were put in bondage by
not over 79,000 Communists (by working the "united front"). Many of
these members of Communist subsidiaries are our college presidents, pro-
fessors, ministers, and public idols.

5. Study various revolutions and learn what a small number of deter-
mined agitators can actually govern a country. Observe what is being done
in Washington now.

6. Ask yourself if in recent years sex, pacifistic, atheistic, and socialistic
propaganda has increased in America — and why.

7. First familiarize yourself with the names of leaders and the principles
of Socialism-Communism, then visit your son's or daughter's college. Read
the college paper and look at the college bulletin board. Observe the insidious
High School journals. Then start looking elsewhere with "seeing" eyes.

8. Finally try "blowing off" some anti-Red, anti-pacificst, anti-sex-trash,
patriotic "steam" and watch who opposes you. You will be surprised!

COMMUNIST ORGANIZATION IN THE U. S. A.

The World Communist movement is organized by three super-organiza-
tions. The supreme head is the Communist Party of the U. 5. S. R. The
two equal and subordinate organizations are the Soviet government and
the Third International.

18 The Red Network

The ruling inner circle of the C. P. U. S. S. R. is a group of nine men
forming the Polit-Buro (Political Bureau). This inner circle rules the Soviet
government and the Third International. All of the nine members of the Polit-
Buro are high officials of the Soviet Government and all are high officials
of the Third International. The supreme head is Joseph Stalin, secretary
of the C. P. U. S. S. R.

"The Communist Party of U. S. A. (section of the Communist Inter-
national)," which is the title of Moscow's American branch, is one of about
59 national branches of the Third International.

To quote from the leaflet "Revolutionary Greetings," which is presented
to each new Party member in the U. S. A.: "The Communist Party was
organized Sept. 1, 1919, by the revolutionary workers who were expelled from
or left the Socialist Party when it became a reformist organization.

"The Party was declared illegal by the Federal government in January,
1920, when thousands of its members were arrested.

"The Party functioned illegally up to Dec. 26, 1921, when it changed
its name into Workers Party.

"The name was subsequently changed to Workers (Communist) Party
and finally again to Communist Party, in April, 1928.

"The Party has been a section of the Communist International from the
day of its organization."

The Central Committee of the C. P. of U. S. A. receives its orders directly
from the Third International and in turn sends out its orders through district
committees in the U. S. and the Communist press to Communist members.

The United States is now (1934) divided into 20 districts each with its
own committee. Each district is divided into sections and sub-sections with
Section Committees, mapped out in accordance with the residential location
of Communist members.

The district in which I live is district No. 8 and comprises all of Illinois
and part of Indiana and small section of Mo. (St. Louis). The district head-
quarters are in Chicago (101 South Wells St., Room 705) and the district
Party school for training organizers, agitators, functionaries, etc. is called
the "Workers School" (2822 S. Michigan Ave.).

New York City is in district No. 2 and houses also the headquarters for
the entire U. S. and part of Latin America. New Haven, Conn., is in district
No. 15, Boston in district No. 1, etc.

Each section is divided into Units. The Units establish Nuclei (two or
three members), in various neighborhoods and shops. There are two kinds of
Nuclei: Shop Nuclei, made up of those working in one establishment, and
Street Nuclei, made up of scattered membership in one neighborhood.

Each Unit has its own "Functionaries," such as Organizer, Agit-Prop
(agitational propaganda) Director, Literary Agents, etc. The Units after
they number more than 25 members, are frequently divided. Meetings of
these Units are held in the homes of members and admittance is solely by
membership identification (now a numbering system, 1934). General meet-
ings of functionaries of Units are held at a Party headquarters with admit-
tance only by membership identification. Since the Communist Party is a
secret society it is impossible to know, with the exception of certain open

Communist Organization in the U. S. A. 19

leaders and organizers, whether or not any individual is or is not a Party
member. He may or may not be. Only a small percentage of Communist
Party members are known as such.

All Party members must engage in active Communist work. Otherwise
they are expelled. The Communist Party regularly cleans house of slothful
or dissenting members. One word against Party commands and out they go.
Often, if an expelled member shows contrition, he is taken back or put on
probation more humble and tractable than he was before. This strict dis-
cipline is exercised even against the highest Party leaders. Wm. Z. Foster
himself is not exempt. The offshoot Communist Parties are largely composed
of expelled Communist Party members who refused to "knuckle" to Moscow.
This military organization gives the Party a cohesive, united driving force
which increases its power a thousand fold and makes it "only the distilled
essence of revolution," as Wm. Z. Foster once said.

"The Communist" for Aug. 1933 (p. 716) complains that thousands are
ready for Party membership "but we do not bring them in. ... During 1932
our membership was doubled." For a number of years it had hovered around
8,000 members. The present active number is given as 27,000 members
(Clarence Hathaway, Jan. 21, 1934). "When we consider the composition
of the mass organizations under our influence, with the 100,000 members and
the more thousands in the left-wing oppositions, the 150,000 readers of the
language press, then we immediately realize that we have already thousands
upon thousands of potential forces inside of hundreds of factories in the
country, among the millions of unemployed," etc.

Earl Browder, general secretary of the Communist Party, at the Trade
Union Cleveland conference August 29-30, 1933, stated that the member-
ship in Communist Party subsidiary organizations was 1,200,000 members.
This figure is considered fair by neutral experts. Russia is now being held
down by about this number of Communists. The revolution in Russia was
put over by not over 79,000 Bolshevik fighters.

The figure of 1,200,000 members in Communist subsidiaries probably
does not include the membership of the allied Socialist Party which polled
about 800,000 votes at the last election (in addition to the heavy Socialist
and Communist vote given to Roosevelt as the radicals' most practical hope),
nor the I. W. W. and Communist opposition parties' complete memberships.
Jan. 1934 the Communist Friends of the Soviet Union claimed over the radio
to have 2,000,000 members.

Under Soviet Supervision

Communist Revolutions do not just happen. They are officered and
planned. From Soviet sources the Better -America Federation compiled the
following information: The Polit-Buro of the U. S. S. R. (the executive com-
mittee of the central committee of the Communist Party of Russia; nine men)
controls the Torgpred or controlling organization for the Soviet government's
activities in the U. S. Torgpred is organized in three depts.: one is the Raz-
vedoupr, the military or naval espionage, having as heads two "Voenspetz"
military or naval specialists of high rank. Razvedoupr is composed of three

20 The Red Network

sections; Sec. 1 has charge of gathering information relative to the army and
navy; Sec. 2 has charge of organizing Communist "centuries" or "100's,"
which are to be the framework of the Revolutionary army. Sec. 3 has charge
of abolishing military power, also the organized espionage ; it is further com-
posed of nine branches:

1. Operations branch; 2. Information branch; 3. Disarmament branch;

4. Naval branch; 5. Aeronautical branch ; 6. Transportation branch; 7. Bac-
terio-Chemical branch; 8. Anti-militaristic branch; 9. Liason with Moscow.

Another of three sections of Torgpred is the Tcheka (O. G. P. U.) or
State political police, secret in practically all of its activities and personnel
and with the following functions: A. Dept. of investigations; B. Education
of anti-revolutionary masses; C. Organization of assaults on individuals con-
demned by the Tcheka; D. Protection of prominent Communist offiicials who
are at any time in the U. S. whether on open missions or, as is usually the
case, incognito.

Qualifications required of Tchekists in the U. S. are as follows:

1. Must speak and write English correctly; 2. Must know American his-
tory and political economy; 3. Must study minutely and in minute detail the
political activity of the parties in the U. S.; 4. Must send a daily report to
Torgpred; 5. Must dress correctly and in style; 6. Must hide their identity
as well as their functions; 7. Must never have on their persons, in case of
arrest, anything which will compromise the Party or anyone connected with
the Party; 8. When doing a job must be certain they are not being watched,
but if watched, escape at all costs; 9. Never speak of their assignments, even
to comrades; 10. Never call a comrade in public; 11. In case arrested never
confess not even when told their fellows have confessed; 12. Before appear-
ing in court prepare defense carefully beforehand, then speak as little as pos-
sible; 13. When arms or explosives are found on an arrested Tchekist, he
will swear that he found them on the street, or they were handed him by an
unknown person; 14. In prison do not speak to anyone, not even those
arrested with you, they may be spies; IS. Get a Communist lawyer if pos-
sible; speak only in his presence; 16. How to maneuver policemen and judges
is the first duty of an arrested Communist. Violations of any of the above
rules cause the Tchekist so violating to be considered and treated as anti-
revolutionist.

The third branch under Torgpred is Amtorg (so-called Commercial
agency of the Soviet Govt. in the U. S.), under which is Ikki (the executive
committee) under the control of the Komintern (Communist International).
In the U. S., Ikki's mission is to direct the action of the American Com-
munist Party. It studies the possibilities of action. The functions of Ikki
are as follows: 1. Organizes centuries (A) in "clashing" or strife groups
and (B) in combat groups (armed Communists) (20,000 arms had already
been imported, in 1930, for this purpose) ; 2. Obtains arms in foreign coun-
tries; ^3. Organizes specialist corps to manufacture grenades, bombs and
explosives; 4. Formulates plans for disarming the police and loyal troops;

5. Operates to break up all groups of loyal fighting workmen when the revolu-
tion starts, and to destroy, when unable to capture, all tanks, cannon, machine
guns and other weapons which the loyal proletariat might use; 6. Details

Red Army in the U. S. A. 21

and instructs reliable men who at the zero hour will arrest you and put to
death magistrates, police heads and police officers; 7. To seize quickly all
barracks, city halls, public buildings and newspapers; 8. To seize and strongly
occupy all public means of transportation, stations and piers; 9. To use
sabotage on all state equipment, bridges, telegraphs and telephones, rail-
roads, army trucks, powder mills, aviation camps, barracks, police stations,
banks and newspapers — which if left undestroyed will aid the State to quell
the revolution.

The Ikki Section must be entirely composed of American citizens who
must conform themselves strictly to instructions from Moscow.

Clarence Hathaway of the central committee of the Party spoke one
hour Jan. 21, 1934 at the Chicago Coliseum on Leninist policies for seizure
of power and said they already had men in the Army and Navy ready to
turn their guns on their officers and the "capitalist class" (as they did in the
Russian revolution) and turn any war into Red revolution. He emphasized
the point that "We must be ready and prepared to DESTROY everyone
who puts up any struggle against us." An audience of 10,000 Reds cheered
him and booed the American flag as it was paraded up and down the aisles,
by men dressed as U. S. soldiers, led by a man dressed to represent a capitalist
holding a big yellow bag with a dollar mark on it. A huge Red flag was then
dropped from the top of the stage and the audience applauded enthusiastically.

RED ARMY IN THE U. S. A.

Now recruiting fighters to train for bloody revolutionary action. "Red
Front," the monthly publication for the Red Army in the U. S. A., is pub-
lished by the "Central Executive Committee, Red Front Fighters League of
U. S. A., 95 Ave. B, N. Y. City." The November 1933 issue was distributed
at the Communist mass meeting Nov. 7, 1933 at the Chicago Coliseum and
is headlined "Mobilization/" After telling of the need for fighting Fascism
in the U. S. A., it says, to quote from p. 1 : "We revolutionary workers who
at all strikes, demonstrations, and picket lines have a share in the tear gas
and the clubs of capitalistic lackeys are also not more anxious for terrorism
and beatings without returning them their due. We live in a new time, when
any day may be the beginning of the struggle WE RED FRONT COM-
RADES HAVE A GREAT RESPONSIBILITY" (emphasis in original)
"in winning over the unemployed for the fight against Hunger and Frost
and to open food storage places. New methods for the defense of strikers
must be discovered. At the same time the question of anchoring the Red
Front in different factories and shops, railroads, etc. are of the greatest impor-
tance. The dashing to pieces of the whole apparatus of government, is, in
the period of revolutionary uprising, thus easier to accomplish" (Emphasis
supplied). On p. 8: "What is the Red Front? — The Red Front is com-
posed of workers and farmers as poor, downtrodden and exploited as pro-
letarians of all other working parties and organizations. . . . With Red Front
against hunger regime! With Red Front for a Socialist Soviet Republic of
America! Comrades: Decide on which Front you are willing to fight." The
Fist (Red Front emblem) is "a symbol of irreconcilable battle."

22 The Red Network

And on p. 7: "Join Our Ranks! . . . The Chicago Red Front is the section
of the Red Front Fighters League, an International Workers Defense Organ-
ization. Send in your applications to Red Front, care Young Communist
League, Room 707, 101 S. Wells St., Chicago."

"Join the Red Front for Anti-Fascist Action: Los Angeles, Calif., 224
S. Spring St., Rm. 304; New York District: East Manhattan, 95 Ave. B.
Every Wed., 8 P. M.; West Manhattan, 108 W. 24 St.; Yorkville and Har-
lem, 350 E. 81 St.; Bronx. 2800 Bronx Pk., East, Every 1st, 2nd and 4th
Wed's.; Brownsville, Bklyn., 1440 E. N. Y. Ave. Every Fri., 8 P. M.; South
Brooklyn, 291 Wyckoff St.; Brighton Beach. Inquire at 95 Ave. B, N. Y. C.;
Jamaica (same) ; Red Front Pioneers, 95 Avenue B. Every Friday."

Is there no sedition law in the U. S. A.? Must citizens now simply train
themselves in target practise to combat these revolutionaries bent on seizing
plants (as at Austin, Minn.), farmers' produce, and private property?

At this writing, Litvinov, the arch conspirator and bank-robbery aid who
represents these, our would-be Red assassins, is being feted and dined by Pres.
Roosevelt as an honored guest in our American White House.

COMMUNIST PARTY AND RELIGION

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, "Mother of harlots and abomin-
ations of the earth" (Rev. 17:5), is the world's first government to raise the
flag of absolute hatred and enmity to God Almighty. It not only makes no
secret of its satanic Marxian atheism but finances and boastfully backs im-
moral sex and militant atheist movements the world over. In addition to sur-
passing the worst days of pagan Rome in its wholesale murder, persecution,
and exile of Russian Christians, it endeavors to kill the souls of the young
generation by prohibiting all teaching of God to children ; by urging children
to publicly disown non-atheist parents; by urging parents to turn over chil-
dren to atheist state control; by blaspheming God and Jesus Christ always
and everywhere in the Communist press, in plays, in anti-religious parades
and pageants and in nauseous cartoons placed in former churches. Its birth
control societies, there and in America, are for the purpose of facilitating
immorality and encouraging promiscuity and the abolition of Christian mar-
riage. Communism blasphemes not only against the "Son of Man" and all
churches but against the Divine Spirit under any name or form whatever.

I heard Neil H. Ness of the sinister Russian O. G. P. U. speak at the
radical Seven Arts Club, Chicago, Oct. 14, 1933. His outstanding boasts
were that Soviet Russia in 15 years under Communism had risen to first
place as the greatest military power in the world, and that "Godless Russia"
had done more in fifteen years than Christianity had in nineteen hundred.
He said he had been often asked about promiscuity in Russia and that in
reply he would say it had been his observation that the "ladies of shame"
had all turned good Bolsheviks after the revolution and were now "handing
out their commodity in a Comradely manner." Truly this accomplishment
of changing vice from a segregated, commercialized pursuit to a free and
general habit is something Christianity has not achieved in nineteen cen-
turies, nor have the savages in thousands of years. They are less degenerate.

"The Church and the Workers" is pamphlet No. 15 in the series of Inter-

Communist Party and Religion

national Pamphlets published for Communist Party use. It proudly says:
"The Soviet Union, under a workers and peasants government, is the only
country in the world where religion and the churches are being combatted
with the active cooperation of the government ---- As militant materialists, the
Soviet leaders are uncompromising in their scientific and atheist position. . . .
It is necessary to link the fight against the church and religion with the fight
against capitalism and imperialism. As long as capitalism exists, religion and
the churches will be used ____ In the United States, as in all capitalist countries,
the churches by developing law-abiding citizens through the appeal to fear
of an avenging god, become part of the repressive apparatus, equally with
the police, the army, the prisons, for the purpose of attempting to prevent
rebellion. ... As the anti-religious campaign in the Soviet Union succeeds, the
religious forces of the world are organizing and supporting interventionist
movements to destroy the worker's state. ... A militant worker's anti-religious
movement must be organized . . . "; etc.

In the official Communist Chicago newspaper "Workers Voice" of Mar. 1,
1933, was an article by Joseph Stalin, dictator of Russia, entitled "Com-
munists and Religion", in which he says: "The Party cannot be neutral
towards religion and does conduct anti-religious propaganda against all and
every religious prejudice. . . . The Party cannot be neutral toward the bearers
of religious prejudices, toward the reactionary clergy who poison the minds
of the toiling masses. Have we suppressed the reactionary clergy? Yes, we
have. The unfortunate thing is that it has not been completely liquidated.
Anti-religious propaganda is a means by which the complete liquidation of
the reactionary clergy must be brought about. Cases occur when certain mem-
bers of the Party hamper the complete development of anti-religious propa-
ganda. If such members are expelled it is a good thing because there is no
room for such 'Communists' in the ranks of our Party." Great placards
with the words of Marx, "Religion is the opium of the people," are widely
displayed in Russia.

The "A. B. C. of Communism" by N. Bucharin and E. Preobraschensky
is a standard work for use in Communist Party schools. It says: "Religion
and communism are incompatible. 'Religion is the opium of the people,' said
Karl Marx. It is the task of the Communist Party to make this truth com-
prehensible to the widest circles of the labouring masses. It is the task of
the party to impress firmly upon the minds of the workers, even upon the
most backward, that religion has been in the past and still is today one of
the most powerful means at the disposal of the oppressors for the main-
tenance of inequality, exploitation and slavish obedience on the part of the
toilers. Many weak-kneed communists reason as follows: 'Religion does not
prevent my being a communist. I believe both in God and communism. My
faith in God does not hinder me from fighting for the cause of the proletarian
revolution ! ' This train of thought is radically false. Religion and communism
are incompatible, both theoretically and practically" (To this I agree!)

SOCIALIST PARTY AND RELIGION

The 1908 Convention of the Socialist Party adopted a plank in its
platform which stated: "The socialist movement is primarily an economic

24 The Red Network

and political movement. It is not concerned with the institutions of marriage
and religion." Agnostic Victor Berger backed this plank, as did Unterman,
delegate from Idaho, who started off his speech in its favor by declaring
himself to be a thorough atheist but argued: "Would you expect to go out
among the people of this country, people of different churches, of many
different religious factions and tell them they must become atheists before
they can become Socialists? That would be nonsense. We must first get
these men convinced of the rationality of our economic and political program."

Arthur M. Lewis, delegate from Illinois, who opposed this plank stated:
"I know that the Socialist position ... in the question of religion does not
make a good campaign subject . . . therefore I am willing that we should be
quiet about it. But if we must speak, I propose that we shall go before this
country with the truth and not with a lie ... I do not propose to state in this
platform the truth about religion from the point of view of the Socialist phil-
osophy as it is stated in almost every book of standard Socialist literature;
but if we do not do that, let us at least have the good grace to be silent about
it, and not make hypocrites of ourselves."

The official proceedings of this convention quote Morris Hillquit as say-
ing that 99% of the Socialists were agnostics (Lusk Report, p. 1127). The
International Socialist Review at that time said "Religion spells death
to Socialism, just as Socialism to religion ... the thinking Socialists are all free
thinkers." The New Yorker Volkzeitung later said: "Socialism is logical
only when it denies the existence of God."

In 1912, the Socialist Party Convention dropped this plank and adopted
a resolution on "Our Attitude Towards the Church" in which this language
appears: "The ethics of Socialism and religion are directly opposed to each
other." (See official proceedings National Convention held at Indianapolis,
Ind., May 12 to 18, 1912, pages 247-8).

The May 9, 1920 Socialist Party Convention adopted a "Declaration of
Principles" which urged complete separation of church and state and allowed
freedom of conscience to worship or not as one pleased. At this same time
David Berenberg of Socialist Rand School reported to the Socialist Party
international executive committee on the book to be published that August
by the Socialist Schools Publishing Assn. connected with the Rand School.
It was entitled "Socialist Sunday School Curriculum." The Lusk Report
sums up its review by saying the purpose of this book was "to inculcate in
the minds of children from a very early age a distrust in the government of
this country as now constituted, a belief that religion is one of the instru-
ments invented by capitalists for the oppression of workers and to lead them
to accept the revolutionary principles of the Socialist movement." (p. 1791).

The Socialist Educational Society of New York more recently published
a pamphlet entitled "Socialism and Religion." It was sold at the Rand
School Book Store, 7 E. 15th St., the same address at which the official
Socialist weekly "New Leader" is published (mouthpiece of the clever "Rev."
Norman Thomas and his fellows). In the preface the Socialist Educational
Society says: "Our position is clear. There can be no compromise between
Socialism and religion." Chapter headings include "The Exodus of Religion,"
"The Materialist Explanation of Society," and "Quackery and Confusion."

Socialist Party and Religion

The booklet sums up its point of view on the last page with the statement:
"The decay of religion is, indeed, a measure of the advance of humanity."

Herr Bebel, German Socialist leader and classic Socialist writer, announced
in the German Reichstag that his party aimed "in the domain of economics
at socialism and in the domain of what is called religion at atheism" (Mar.
31, 1881), and again he said, "Christianity and socialism stand toward each
other as fire and water. . . . Christianity is the enemy of liberty and civilization
... it has kept mankind in slavery and oppression."

Today the works of atheists Lenin, Trotsky, Scott Nearing, Robt. W.
Dunn, etc. are recommended and standard Socialist literature (see L. I. D.),
as are the "Little Blue Books of Socialism" of Socialist Haldeman-Julius
which are also recommended by the Socialist "Christian Social Action Move-
ment" of the Chicago Methodist Church hdqts. To quote the National Re-
public of Sept. 1933:

"In January the radical and filthy minded Haldeman-Julius launched a
new publication. His pockets already overflowing with gold collected through
sales of his various socialist, communist, sex, trial marriage, atheist and birth
control propaganda periodicals and pamphlets, the new publication known
as the 'Militant Atheist,' was begun in January with a circulation of 1,540.
The September number had reached 4,051, a gain of 2,511 subscribers within
only eight months. This sacrilegious sheet, the size of a daily newspaper, is
edited by E. Haldeman-Julius and 'Rev.' Jos. McCabe. It contains ballyhoo
articles on atheism, on Russia, on Prof. Einstein, on Karl Marx, on Revolu-
tion, and derides Catholicism, Protestantism, the Church, and God Himself."

Among books sold and recommended by the Socialist Party hdqts. in
1932-3 are: "Socialism the Utopia of Science" by Engels, in which he says:
"Nowadays in our revolutionary conception of the universe there is absolutely
no room for either a Creator or ruler" (English edition, 1901, p. 17) ; "Social-
ism in Thought and Action" by Harry W. Laidler, L. I. D. student lecturer,
in which he says: "the philosophy of Socialism is itself diametrically opposed
to the principles of revealed religion" (p. 155); the "Communist Manifesto"
of atheists Marx and Engels, admittedly the "bible" and foundation of Social-
ism; a new edition with adornments by Socialist leaders is now advertised
as "A Very Convenient Handbook — KARL MARX. An Essay by Harold J.
Laski with the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO by Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels. With Introduction by Norman Thomas" (Student Outlook, May,
1933); etc., etc.

Two friends of mine attended a public Socialist meeting at Highland
Park, held in behalf of the candidacy of Norman Thomas and Rev. Roy
Burt, a Methodist minister in good standing and connected with world-wide
Methodist religious education. As they entered, they were given a copy of
"America for ALL," the official Socialist campaign paper (issue of August
13, 1932), and noted with surprise that, under the heading "Yes, but WHICH
shall I read? Our Recommendations are:", the first recommendation was
"The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels." The price was given
as ten cents and the footnote said: "Send order with remittance to Socialist
Party of America, 549 Randolph, Chicago." During the question period,

26 The Red Network

they asked Rev. Burt, who presided and spoke, whether Socialism and Com-
munism were the same. He replied lengthily that their aims were the same
but that their methods of attainment differ. They then asked him why the
Socialists recommended the Communist Manifesto for reading. Burt replied
that the Communist Manifesto is the basis of Socialism. After reading this
Manifesto, a copy of which is before me, I was unable to understand how
anyone could presume to be a disciple of both Christ and Marx. Since it is
the "bible" of Socialism-Communism, it is sold at all Communist and Socialist
book stores. It is printed in pamphlet form, about forty-eight pages. It was
drawn up first in 1848 by Marx and Engels, later re-edited by Engels in 1888.
Class hatred is, of course, the dominating note. Society is divided into two
classes, proletarian and bourgeoisie (or middle class, such as small merchants
and land owners). The bourgeoisie are represented throughout as the villains
who exploit the proletarians. The proletarians, or lowest class, are represented
as the noble heroes who must fight to the finish for dictatorship in order to
make everything equal. According to Marxian argument, people are neces-
sarily worthy of ruling all society because they are poor.

To quote (page 20) : "The proletariat, the lowest strata of our present
society, cannot raise itself up without the whole super-incumbent strata of
official society being sprung into the air. . . . the struggle of the proletariat with
the bourgeoisie is at first a national struggle. The proletariat of each country
must, of course, first of all settle matters with its own bourgeoisie ... up to the
point where that war breaks out into open revolution, and where the violent
overthrow of the bourgeoisie lays the foundation for the sway of the
proletariat."

(Page 23): "The theory of the Communists may be summed up in the
single sentence: Abolition of private property."

(Page 24): "And the abolition of this state of things is called by the
bourgeois, abolition of individuality and freedom! And rightly so. The
abolition of bourgeois individuality, independence and freedom is undoubtedly
aimed at. By freedom is meant, under the present bourgeois conditions of pro-
duction, free trade, free selling and buying."

(Page 25) : "In a word you reproach us with intending to do away with
your property. Precisely so; that is just what we intend."

(Page 26) : "Abolition of the family! ... On what foundation is the present
family, the bourgeois family, based? On capital, on private gain. In its com-
pletely developed form this family exists only among the bourgeoisie. But
this state of things finds its complement in the practical absence of the family
among the proletarians, and in public prostitution. The bourgeois family will
vanish as a matter of course . . . with the vanishing of capital."

(Page 27) : "But you Communists would introduce community of women,
screams the whole bourgeoisie in chorus! . . . Bourgeois marriage is in reality a
system of wives in common and thus, at the most, what the Communists might
possibly be reproached with is that they desire to introduce, in substitution
for a hypocritically concealed, an openly legalized community of women.''1

Communizing women for free use was tried repeatedly in Russia until
the outcries against it temporarily halted this program, which for the time

Women and Socialism 27

being is now largely limited to encouragement of free relations, legalized
abortions, and state care for children. The private "ownership" of one man
for one woman is called "capitalism" and is frowned upon. The teaching is:
"Break down the family unit to build national Communism, break down
nationalism (or patriotism) to build international Communism."

To resume quoting from the Manifesto (Page 29): "But Communism
abolishes eternal truths, it abolishes all religion, and all morality, instead of
constituting them on a new basis ; it therefore acts in contradiction to all past
historical experience. What does this accusation reduce itself to? ... The Com-
munist revolution is the most radical rupture with traditional property
relations; no wonder that its development involves the most radical rupture
with traditional ideas." (Thus does Marx defend the destruction of all moral-
ity and all religion.)

(Page 44) : "In short, the Communists everywhere support every revolu-
tionary movement against the existing social and political order of things. . . .
The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare
that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing
social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution.
The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world
to win. Working men of all countries, unite!"

This last sentence is a slogan of the Socialist Party and is used on their
literature with a picture of two hands clasped around the world. A Socialist
leaflet advertising supplies (secured at Chicago headquarters) lists: "Red
flag buttons or pins (large and small) ISc each."

WOMEN AND SOCIALISM

The Socialist authority August Bebel in "Women and Socialism," pp. 466-
467, says: "In the new society women will be entirely independent both
socially and economically. ... In the choice of love she is as free and unham-
pered as man. She woos or is wooed and enters into a union prompted by no
other consideration than her own feelings. The union is a private agreement
without interference of functionary. ... No one is accountable to anyone else
and no third person has a right to interfere. What I eat and drink, how I
sleep and dress is my own private affair, and my private affair also is my
intercourse with the person of the opposite sex."

Friedrich Engels' "Origin of the Family" (p. 91-92) says: "With the
transformation of the means of production into collective property the mono-
gamous family ceases to be the unit of society. The private household changes
to a social industry. The care and education of children becomes a public
matter. Society cares equally well for all children, legal or illegal. This
assumes the care about the consequence which now forms the essential social
factor hindering the girl to surrender unconditionally to the beloved man."

Helen R. Marx, daughter of Karl Marx (quoted Chgo. Tribune, Nov.
14, 1886), said: "Love is the only recognized marriage in Socialism. Con-
sequently no bonds of any kind would be recognized. Divorce would be
impossible as there would be nothing to divorce; for when love ceases, sepa-

28 The Red Network

ration would naturally ensue." Eleanor Marx, another daughter, never
married her "husband" Dr. Aveling. A consistent Socialist woman would
neither marry nor bear her "husband's" name. (Note the leading Red women
who do not bear the husband's name.)

"CHRISTIAN" SOCIALISM

The American Association for the Advancement of Atheism (4A), which
cooperates in its own World Union of Atheists with Moscow's International
of the Godless and other Communist groups, in its official reports proudly
relates how the socialist Debs Memorial Radio Station (WEVD) staunchly
aided it in regularly broadcasting the 4A Atheist propaganda. It states that
it has but two real foes, Fundamentalist Christianity and Roman Catholicism,
and adds that it welcomes the aid of Modernists in paving the way for Athe-
ism (and, one might add, Communism). Jeeringly, it asserts that the reason
Fundamentalists do not dare openly to expose heresy within the Protestant
Churches is because they are afraid of a split and that the Churches are thus
held together "by real estate." To this one might reply that Christ's faith
was started without any real estate in the first place and it can flourish and
acquire real estate any time that it burns with living power.

Modernist Protestant Churches, united under the influence of the radical
Federal Council of Churches, penetrated with communistic propaganda,
unsure of allegiance to Christian doctrines, are weak and divided foes, when
not actual allies, of the advancing menace of Bolshevism and Atheism now
assailing America from the schools and universities, the press, the pulpit, the
lecture platform, and radical politicians.

Three facts stand out:

1. Marxism is Atheism. Both Socialism and Communism are Marxism,
the only difference being that Socialism covers over its Atheism with a gar-
ment of "Christianity" when camouflage is expedient, while Communism
does not.

2. Cooperation with Marxism is cooperation with Atheism. Christ has
warned us against trying to serve two masters, saying "he who is not with Me
is against Me." Also, "Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers:
for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what com-
munion hath light with darkness. . . . Wherefore come out from among them,
and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I
will receive you." (II Corinthians 7:14-17).

The "A. B. C. of Communism" has truly stated that it is impossible for
a man both to believe in God and to serve the Marxian cause. Even though
a Christian may believe that he is no less a Christian — or that he in fact is
even a more "practical" Christian — through accepting Marxism with a
mental reservation concerning its immorality and atheism, still the fact
remains that he is aiding those who have no such mental reservation but
whose fixed, immediate, and ultimate purpose is the destruction of Christian-
ity and its moral principles everywhere. The intermediary stage of true Social-
ism, which is called "Christian" Socialism, is a smeary mess of conflicting

"Christian" Socialism 29

Marxism and religious sentimentality which is referred to facetiously by real
Communists and Socialists as "the kindergarten of Red radicalism." Social-
ists agree that a consistent Socialist must lose his Christian faith. The pity
is that so many who have lost it continue to usurp pulpits.

3. "Christian Socialists" do cooperate actively with atheist Communists.
This whole book is an illustration of that fact. One may search in vain for
the prominent "Christian" Socialist who is not working with and for Atheist
Communists. As one becomes familiar with the names in the various Red
organizations, the truth becomes apparent that "Christian" Socialism and
Communism are branches of the same movement. Their members mingle on
the same committees; they are arrested in the same strikes and riots; they
share funds from the same sources; they unite in defending Satan's Base —
Godless Soviet Russia.

My most vigorous opponents are "Christian" Socialists, even those who
are only sympathizers with the Red movement. My first experience was
with the Rector of the Episcopal Church which I formerly attended and in
spite of this I believe him to be a sincere, tho misguided, believer in Christ.
I was lecturing about Russia and I told him about the Soviet government's
dreadful blasphemous anti-Christian displays I had seen there, of their open
boast that they would accomplish from within the same thing in America,
and offered to come and show my Russian pictures to the Women's Guild,
gratis. Of course, I expected his sympathetic indignation and cooperation,
[nstead, to my surprise and bewilderment, he started talking about "Christian"
Socialism and about its being "quite different" from Communism; he stated
that he had once belonged to a small Socialist group at Oxford "just for the
benefit of the social order." Later, he asked if an anti-communist lecturer
who was to speak in the vicinity was "one of those terrible American Legion
men" and asked if I did not agree with him that Norman Thomas' Socialist
campaign platform was "pretty good." His instantaneous, almost automatic,
efforts to shield godless Communism and his refusal to allow me to warn of
its atheistic Christ-crucifying plans came as a shock to me at the time, but
I soon found it to be but a mild manifestation of "Christian" Socialism.

Try, I say, attacking Soviet Russia's godlessness, and see where your
"Christian" Socialist will stand. He will screen Sovietism and attack youl

As we observe how "Christian" Socialist Reinhold Niebuhr advocates
Marxian revolution and how he occupies the platform with atheist Communist
Party officials controlled by godless Moscow; as I have observed the con-
stant procession of Communist notices tacked on "Christian" Socialist Tittle's
Evanston M. E. Church bulletin board and read his printed sermons prais-
ing Communist revolutionaries as the ones God "spoke through"; as one
observes with what zeal Harry Ward, Bishop McConnell, and other "Chris-
tian" Socialists serve the A. C. L. U. legal defense of atheists and Communist
criminals, and how pleasantly McConnell serves the Socialist campaign while
Winifred Chappell serves the Communist campaign and signs a Manifesto
subscribing to Communist principles, and all of these unite in the Methodist
Federation for Social Service, headed by McConnell, in getting out the Bulle-
tin edited by Ward and Winifred Chappell — after a thousand more obser-

30 The Red Network

vations like these — the airy soap-bubble castle built upon arguments that
"Christian" Socialism has nothing to do with and is "quite different from
Communism" vanishes into thin air!

The Catholic Church, strangely, seems unaware that it has a few Red-
aiders in its midst, but in spite of these no such headway has been made by
radicals with Catholics as has been made with Protestants.

Gerard B. Donnelly, S. J., wrote, in "America," a Catholic publication
(1932), a statement which should be framed and put on every church door
in this land. He held that a vote for Norman Thomas for President would
be in direct violation of Catholic doctrine and said: "No Catholic can
accept the Marxian philosophy or the denial of the right of property. Social-
ism cannot Christianize itself merely by soft-pedaling or even by dropping
entirely its dogmas on class warfare and property rights. Rome's ban against
Socialism is not withdrawn. . . . The Socialist Party proposes recognition of the
Soviet Union. Now the Soviets are publicly and explicitly hostile to God.
To vote for their recognition, or, what is tantamount, to vote for a party
which advocates their recognition, is once more formal cooperation with evil
and obviously something no Catholic can do."

Tactics

The Socialist method of attaining power has been the inspiration for the
adjective which Communists popularly bestow upon their Socialist brothers.
They call the Socialists "yellow" and the Second International the "yellow"
International. This Socialist method, says Hearnshaw, is "the method of
sapping rather than assault; of craft rather than force; of subtelty rather
than violence. 'Permeation' has been their watchword. . . . Above all they have
tried to bemuse the public mind into the belief that 'socialism' and 'collec-
tivism' are synonymous terms; and that all they are aiming at is a harmless
and beneficent extension of state and municipal enterprise."

Even Friedrich Engels, collaborator of Karl Marx, writing to his friend
Sorge in America (who collected Florence Kelley's letters from Engels and
placed them in the New York Public Library) in commenting on the camou-
flage, subterfuge and indirection of Fabian Socialists said: "Their tactics
are to fight the liberals not as decided opponents, but to drive them on to
socialistic consequences; therefore to trick them, to permeate liberalism with
socialism, and not to oppose socialistic candidates to liberal ones, but to
palm them off, to thrust them on, under some pretext. ... All is rotten." (So-
cialist Review, vol. 1, p. 31).

Even more rotten is the attempt of mis-named "Christian" Socialists to
deceive Christians into believing that Marxism is like Christianity. The Daily
Northwestern of Dec. 13, 1932, under the heading "Niebuhr Claims Marxian
Theory Like Christian," reviews Niebuhr's book, "Moral Man and Immoral
Society," which has been praised by both the Communist and Socialist Red
press for its correct Marxian position in setting forth the necessity for bloody
class hate and revolution. It quotes him as saying: "The religio-political
dreams of the Marxians have an immediate significance which the religio-
ethical dreams of the Christians lack." Yes, indeed! The religio-political
dreams of the Marxians include the destruction of Christianity and of the
very moral principles Christ held dear. Whenever and wherever Marxians

"Christian" Socialism 31

attain power, as in Mexico, Russia, or Spain, Christian churches are "signifi-
cantly" and immediately closed or destroyed and Christians persecuted.

Reinhold Niebuhr is one of America's outstanding "Christian" Socialists.
In company with Harry Ward and others of the same kind who adorn plat-
forms at Communist meetings, he teaches at Union Theological Seminary,
where the L. I. D. conference on "Guiding the Revolution" was held and
from whence Arnold Johnston went forth to Kentucky last year as repre-
sentative of the A. C. L. U., to be arrested for criminal syndicalism. Niebuhr
was honored with a place on the platform as speaker for the Communist-
controlled U. S. Congress Against War, held in N. Y. City, Sept. 29, 1933,
in company with Earl Browder, General Secretary of the Communist Party,
and Henri Barbusse, French Communist, guest of honor (Daily Worker).

The Phila. Record of October 14, 1933 reported: "Reinhold Niebuhr,
Union Theological Seminary Professor, last night advocated the use of force
to bring about a new social order. . . . His open leaning toward revolution was
expressed at the opening of a three-day joint regional conference of the
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the Fellowship
of Reconciliation at Swarthmore College" (A "Pacifist" conference).

Karl Marx, the idol of Reinhold Niebuhr, denies the existence of God
or Supreme Spirit in any form. He teaches: the desirability and inescapable
necessity of class hatred, class revolution, envy and covetousness; the abol-
ition of the family unit and of marriage; the communizing of women; state
ownership of children; that matter and force constitute all of creation; that
only materialistic circumstance guides destiny, character, and history; that
man's spirit is as material as a chemical effervescence or an electric spark
which flickers out or rots with the body; that "Religion is the opium of the
people"; that with the vanishing of property rights, religion and morality
will vanish, along with other "bourgeois sentimentalities"; that a govern-
mental proletarian dictatorship must be set up by violence; and that any
theory that the two classes can get together is only a dodge on the part of
the bourgeoisie who wish to avoid having their throats cut in a bloody
proletarian revolution.

Jesus Christ teaches: that God is the Father of all life; that the family
unit and marriage are indissoluble; that parents should love their children
and children honor their parents; that Christians should exercise love and
charity toward their neighbors; that no political kingdom of worldly power
should be sought by Christians, as such, but rather personal kindness and
a mastery over self.

Any government will be good if it is composed of good persons and no
government can be good that is built by persons of Godless and immoral
principles. Goodness is a day to day personal achievement, a contest with
evil which constantly breaks down, and must be taken up again.

Anyone who says that the theories of Marx and Christ are alike is either
a hopeless idiot or a wilful deceiver. But the siren call of Marxism to the
altruist, who clings to the title of "Christian" for the sake of lingering senti-
ment, or financial or political expediency, is that it promises to obtain by
foul means a pure, just, classless, equalitarian society; by means of rage and
hate to usher in the reign of brotherly love; by means of plunder and gory
class war to achieve peace; and by means of anti-moral propaganda to ele-

32 The Red Network

vate mankind. By discouraging the lazy, incompetent and debauched man
from the belief that his condition is in any way the result of his own faults,
but rather that all sufferings and inequalities are due to capitalism, it promises
to eradicate these sufferings through revolution.

The kindly man cannot see that, as Hearnshaw says: " Socialism debili-
tates and demoralizes those whom it seeks to succor." It "is the cry of adult
babyhood for public nurses and pap bottles" and "by means of doles, poor
relief, free meals, free education, free medical services, free everything — all
paid for by the industrious and careful — it breeds and fosters a vast demoral-
ized mass of paupers and vagrants . . . battening contentedly and permanently
upon the industry of their more efficient and self-respecting neighbors."

"The ultimate source of our social evils is not economic," says T. W.
Headley (in "Darwinism and Modern Socialism"), "and as soon as we realize
that whatever social malady we have to deal with, it originates with human
weakness and folly more than with outward circumstances, we have a prin-
ciple that will guide us."

"Socialism" That Is Christian Is Not Socialism

There is an epigram to the effect that "Socialism is Christian only in so
far as it is not Socialism and Socialism only in so far as it is not Christian."

Modern predatory Socialism despises and ridicules as "only sham Social-
ism," the religious, purely voluntary "Associations for Cooperative Produc-
tion" which were formed in England subsequent to 1848 by Christian groups
calling themselves "Socialists." Dr. Robert Flint says of these Christian
"Socialists": "They did not teach a single principle or doctrine peculiar to
socialism but rather by their ethical and religious fervor struck at the very
roots of socialism." They had no quarrel with the existing social system as
such; they gave no countenance to projected raids on land and capital; they
utterly rejected the doctrine that character and destiny are determined by
materialistic circumstance; above all, they repudiated with abhorrence the
idea of the class war and the ferocious savagery of the Communist Manifesto
of Marx and Engels.

Dr. C. E. Raven's "Christian Socialism" tells the pathetic but ridiculous
story of forty-one of these community enterprises all of which failed dis-
astrously and failed in a short time. He illustrates and specifies as causes of
their uniform collapse: the vicious principle of equality of reward irrespec-
tive of output or ability; lack of business capacity; quarrels; indiscipline;
greed; dishonesty; slackness; inefficiency — it was said, for example, "you
could always tell a Christian socialist by the cut of the cooperative trousers."
When the incentive of competition and private profit is removed only com-
pulsion remains as a driving force. Without dictatorship and force, any form
of Socialism collapses. As Socialist-Communist G. B. Shaw has said: "Com-
pulsory labor with death as the final punishment is the keystone of socialism"
(Fabian Tract No. 51, 1906).

F. J. C. Hearnshaw in "Survey of Socialism" (1929) says: "It is a pro-
found truth seen equally clearly by keen sighted Christians and by keen
sighted socialists that the principles of the religion of love are wholly incom-
patible with the only operative form of socialism viz. — that which incites

"Methodists Turn Socialistic" 33

the proletariat to attack all other classes ; which seeks to drag down the pros-
perous to the level of the base; which lusts for confiscation of capital; which
projects the extermination of landowners; which envisages the eradication
of competition by the reintroduction of slavery under a criminal dictatorship.
'In their strictest sense Christianity and socialism are irreconcilable/ said
the Rev. T. W. Bussell in a recent Bampton lecture. 'It is a profound truth
that socialism is the natural enemy of religion,' echoed the British Socialist
Party in its official manifesto."

"Marxism . . . sublimated robbery into 'restitution.' It enabled the impe-
cunious to regard themselves as 'the disinherited'; the ne'er-do-wells as 'the
defrauded'; the unsuccessful as 'the oppressed'; the unskilled as 'wage slaves';
the incompetent as 'the exploited'; the unemployed as 'the sole creators of
wealth and value'; the proletariat as 'the people'; and the violent revolution-
aries as 'vindicators of the rights of man.' "

"Marxian socialism is potent just because of its appeal to the primitive
individualism of the subnormal man. It excites his passion for plunder; it
stimulates his love of fighting; it bemuses his rudimentary conscience, mak-
ing him believe that he is out for justice and not for loot; it muddles his
immature mind with ineffable nonsense concerning complicated economic
theories of value and surplus value. Of the potency and efficacy of its appeal
there can be no doubt. It is the only really effective type of socialism in
existence. It entirely supersedes its Utopian predecessors; for they postulate
self-sacrifice and hard work, and depict an ideal community which provides
its own modest sustenance by cooperative toil — a most unattractive paradise
to a cave-man. Only Marxian socialism offers brigandage — systematized,
rationalized, moralized, glorified. Hence, as Thorstein Veblen says: 'The
socialism that inspires hopes and fears today is of the school of Marx. No
one is seriously apprehensive of any other so-called socialistic movement. . . .
In proportion as the movement in any given community grows in mass,
maturity, and conscious purpose, it unavoidably takes on a more consistently
Marxian complexion. . . . Socialists of all countries gravitate toward the theo-
retical position of avowed Marxism.' So, too, Clayton: 'Modern socialism
is Marx and Marx modern socialism : there is no other foundation.' . . . Prof.
Ely concludes: 'In socialism Karl Marx occupies a position ... all going before
him in a manner preparing the way for him and all coming after him taking
him for a starting point/ " (Hearnshaw).

The Lusk Report says: "In fact the only scientific, concrete and per-
fectly systematic scheme" (of Socialism) "is the scheme of Karl Marx. This
is the basis for materialism inherent in present day socialism, for its antago-
nism to religion, to ethics, to all idealism based on principles . . . that do not
relate to purely material life and wealth interests.'7

"METHODISTS TURN SOCIALISTIC"

If the great voice of John Wesley with its call to Christianize individual
souls should finally be stilled by the voice of Karl Marx with its call to class
war — disguised as a call to preach the "social gospel of economic justice" —
not only Methodism but the whole world will suffer.

Ominously, the Socialist "Christian Social Action Movement" of Chicago

34 The Red Network

Methodist Church headquarters says of its opportunities for teaching Social-
ism-Communism: "Our most fruitful field of accomplishment we believe to be
within and through the agency of the Church of which we are a part. It is
difficult to overemphasize the significance to the social and economic move-
ment in America if the Methodist Church should be won to whole hearted
advocacy and support of the social gospel. To this endeavor . . . we pledge
ourselves." (p. 41 of its Handbook).

"Methodists Turn Socialistic" is the title of an article written by Socialist
Chas. C. Webber (jailed in a radical strike in 1930 and defended by the
A. C. L. U.), which appears in the Socialist, Garland-Fund-aided "World
Tomorrow" of July 1933. In it he felicitates the Annual Conference of the
M. E. Church held at Central Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. for its report on "The
Necessity of Social Change — from capitalism to a socialistic economic system,"
and says that the motion to change the words "social ownership" (complete
Socialism) in the final report to "social control" just barely passed. He says:
"This debate clearly showed that the majority of the members of the N. Y.
East Conference of the M. E. Church are convinced that 'capitalism' must
be brought under some form of social control."

The Northeast Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church exhibited similar
tendencies when "Socialized ownership and control of the country's financial
and industrial system as a substitute for capitalism were recommended"
(Associated Press report, Sept. 20, 1932). Other conferences have likewise
adopted communistic-socialistic resolutions.

The Methodist Federation for Social Service is headed by Bishop Francis
J. McConnell, Socialist, A. C. L. U., etc., and its Bulletin is edited by Harry
Ward, of radical fame, and Winifred Chappell, frankly of the Communist
Party campaign committee. As an ex-Communist said to me, "Most of those
Bulletins sound like the Daily Worker, only more so." The April 15, 1932
Bulletin, which I have, not only frankly admitted Federation cooperation
with Communist organizations but under the heading "Is it a Coincidence?"
said: "The nature of the membership of the Federation and the penetration
of the church by this movement is indicated in part by the fact that entirely
without design one third of the Delaware Conference membership belonged
to the Federation. This overlapping included every member of the com-
mission on 'Modern Business and Industry,' 10 of the 14 commission chair-
men, and two secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions who were largely
responsible for the conference, and the presiding officer, the president of the
Federation."

Of the "Call to Action," which had just then resulted in the formation
in Chicago of the Socialist Methodist "Christian Social Action Movement,"
it also proudly observed that "most of the sponsors — were members of the
Federation." Concerning the Federation's financial support it said the Rock
River Conference had originated and systematically used the plan of donat-
ing "one half of one per cent of the preacher's salary including house rent"
to the Federation (for its Socialist and Communist-cooperating activities)
and that "Philadelphia uses it in modified form."

The editorial of Dr. E. P. Clarke, editor of the Riverside Daily Press and

"Methodists Ttirn Socialistic" 35

himself a prominent Methodist layman, is reprinted in the National Republic
of October 1933. To quote from it:

"The Methodist conference at Long Beach adopted resolutions urging
the pardon of Mooney. It seems rather pertinent to ask what these ministers
know about the Mooney case. The evidence has been reviewed by four
governors — Stephens, Richardson, Young and Rolph — and they all refused
to pardon Mooney. The courts have also acted unfavorably on his case in
several hearings. The average citizen may well give some heed to the find-
ings of these various investigations; and it looks as if the Methodist con-
ference went far afield in seeking some subject on which to adopt resolutions.

"For centuries of human progress and recession it has been a controversial
question as to the supremacy of church or state, but the Methodists appar-
ently have no fear of stepping over the line. The action on the Mooney ques-
tion might seem to line up the Methodists with the unsavory and violent
element of Russia and America.

"Other resolutions were of similar dubious propriety. To issue its demands
upon the mayor of Los Angeles to abolish the 'Red squad' of police, foe of
communistic rioters, and to investigate the Better American Federation, and
other organizations outside of church affiliation is hard to reconcile with the
teachings of the gentle Carpenter from Nazareth, which the church is sup-
posed to further.

"The Methodist Church is probably the most powerful of all religious
denominations. It has done a marvelous good, but when their conference pre-
sumes to rule on things religious, moral and political without regard to
courtesy or courts of justice we fear the church's popularity is endangered,
especially with the youth of the land."

The communist Daily Worker of May 13, 1933 under the heading "Negro
Bishops Back I. L. D. Fight" says: "The General Board of the Colored
Methodist Episcopal Church in session in Jackson, Tenn. with 8 Bishops and
9 general officers, with more than 250 pastors and lay representatives through-
out the U. S. went on record. . . . The resolution reads in part: 'The Bench of
Bishops and the General Board of the Colored Methodist Church in Annual
Session desire to issue the following statement to the nation with reference
to the Scottsboro and Peterson cases in Alabama, and the Angelo Herndon
case in Georgia. . . we feel it our duty ... to call upon our entire congregations
throughout the Nation to contribute funds and moral support to aid in such
able defense as shown by the International Labor Defense organization ; and
that such donations be given concertedly, and funds sent to a designated com-
mittee and in turn to the headquarters of the International Labor Defense.' "
(Godless Moscow's Communist organization using this means to hook Chris-
tian Negroes into the revolutionary movement). "The Bishops of the bench
are: Elias Cottrell, Holly Springs, Miss.; C. H. Phillips, Cleveland, O.; R. C.
Carter, Chicago; R. T. Brown, Birmingham, Ala.; J. C. Martin, Memphis;
J. A. Hamlett, Kansas City, Kans.; and J. W. McKinney, Sherman, Texas."

The colored people are a sincerely religious race. As long as they stayed
in Africa un-Christianized, they remained, as did pagan white men, savages.
Their pagan brothers in Africa today are savages, while in a comparatively

36 The Red Network

few years, under the opportunities of the American government and the
inspiration of Christianity, the American Negroes have acquired professions,
property, banks, homes, and produced a rising class of refined, home loving
people. This is far more remarkable than that many Negroes are still back-
ward. The Reds play upon the Negroes' love of their own people and repre-
sent them as persecuted in order to inflame them against the very white
people who have in reality given the colored race far greater opportunities
than their fellow negroes would give them in Africa today. Only recently
the U. S. government was protesting slave holding by colored officials in
Liberia. The Reds look upon the Negroes as their greatest hope. They want
them to do their dirty work in stirring up bloody revolution and to bear its
brunt. Then whether the Reds win or lose the Negroes will be the losers,
for Sovietization is slavery.

The U. S. Fish report states: "The task of the Communists among the
negro workers is to bring about class consciousness, and to crystallize this
in independent class political action against the capitalist class; to take every
possible advantage of occurrences and conditions which will tend to develop
race feeling with the view of utilizing racial antagonism. At every oppor-
tunity the attempt is made to stir up trouble between the white and negro
races.

"The negroes are made to believe that the Communists practice complete
racial and social equality and that only when a Communist Government is
set up in the United States will the negroes obtain equality and freedom from
exploitation by the 'white bosses,' and in order to attract and impress the
negro, the Communists make a point of encouraging mixed social functions
where white women Communists dance with negro men and white men Com-
munists dance with negro women. It is openly advocated that there must be
complete social and racial equality between the whites and negroes even to
the extent of intermarriage."

Put yourself in the Negro's place. Would you not be flattered by Dr.
Tittle's act in putting over a Negro social equality plank in the 1932 General
M. E. Conference in Atlantic City, following similar action by the Federal
Council of Churches, even though you knew in your heart that social equality
is guided entirely by human desires and feelings and that no law or plank
can alter this. Neither a white nor a colored person will invite another per-
son to supper in his home unless he wishes to. Sociability is won, not forced.
Force on this point only engenders real antagonism, even bloodshed.

To quote the Chicago Tribune report of May 8, 1932 concerning this
Conference, headed "Racial Question Jars Methodist Church Session":
"Doctor Tittle's resolution stated that future general conferences will be
held 'only in cities where there is no segregation of racial groups, no dis-
crimination in hotels, hotel lobbies, hotel dining rooms, restaurants, or ele-
vators.' ... In his argument for the passage of the resolution Dr. Tittle . . .
stated that the wording of his resolution 'followed closely a resolution recently
adopted by the Federal Council of Churches.' . . . Such possible inability to
find a city that would entertain the conference, Dr. Tittle said, would focus the
attention of church and nation on the 'cause of racial equality.' . . . The M. E.
Church South seceded from the northern church on the slavery issue nearly

"Methodists Turn Socialistic" 37

a century ago. It was pointed out in debate that The passage of this resolu-
tion would forever end all possibility of reunion of the two American branches
of Methodism.' ':

Dr. Tittle went out of his way to solicit support for Jourdain, a colored
candidate for Alderman, but not of Tittle's ward. He signed a letter sent
out for this purpose during the 1932 spring campaign and Jourdain was
elected.

The time was, when Methodism in its zeal for personal purity frowned
upon dancing. Some Methodists nowadays who are little opposed to dancing
even in a church were a bit surprised, however, when several colored men
were introduced into circle dances at a dance given in the parish house of
Tittle's church and were thus forced upon the young white girls as partners.
An M. E. Guild member whose daughter attended this dance reported that
when she phoned the assistant pastor about this he said that these colored
men had been invited by Dr. Tittle himself (one of them being the son of
a classmate of his at college), who felt that it was now time that the young
people learned to mingle with other races. (God created separate races, but
Communism insists upon racial inter-mixture and inter-marriage.)

The great American colored man, Booker T. Washington, voiced the
sentiment of the best elements in both races when he said the races should
be as separate and distinct as the fingers of a hand and as united for the
service of all humanity. Why should either race wish to lose its distinctive
characteristics? Neither the races nor the sexes can ever be equal. They
will always be different and have distinctive functions to perform in life.

Most shocking is the constant procession of Red and outright Communist
posters and notices which disgrace the bulletin board of this gorgeous M. E.
church, coupled with the fact that the minister himself is a "book editor"
of the National Religion and Labor Foundation and responsible for dis-
tribution of such Communist literature as "Toward Soviet America'' by Wm.
Z. Foster, "Little Lenin Library," etc.

One such poster advertised "We, the People," a play by Elmer Rice, for
the benefit of the militant Socialist L. I. D., in which Tittle is a leader. This
play is praised by the Communist press as "an argument for revolution."
Others advertised: lectures by George Soule of the "New Republic," on
such subjects as "The Chances for Revolution," at the Chicago City Club,
Mar. 6, 7 and 8, 1933, under the auspices of the Chicago Forum Council, of
which Tittle is a member; Scott Nearing's (Communist) lectures under the
same auspices; Reconciliation Trips to radical headquarters; and the Oct.
23, 1933 mass meeting for the visiting French Communist, Henri Barbusse,
whose "pacifistic" cure for war is bloody Red revolution. Perhaps most incon-
gruous of all was the large poster advertising the "Proletarian Arts Ball" of
April 15, 1933, given for the benefit of the communist International Labor
Defense, Moscow's propaganda and legal defense agency to aid Communist
criminals — a dance given for the defense of Communism, which means destruc-
tion of Christianity, and advertised in a Methodist Church!

One can only regret that men like this minister possess the gifts of glorious
oratory, of charm and culture to bestow upon the Socialist cause and that
their humanitarian sincerity gives them additional power. For no hate-filled

38 The Red Network

grimy Communist, however sincere, cursing God and capitalism from a soap
box, could ever lure the Church-going "bourgeoisie" into Marxism as can
a truly sincere and altruistic "Christian" Socialist. Yet both are leaders to
the same ugly end — Marxism. Those repelled by the crude who would shud-
der at raw Marxian doctrine, sit enraptured in a church to hear Marxism
falsely embellished with adornments stolen from Christianity. Under the
spell of soft organ music and dim religious light, they feel that whatever the
preacher's direction it must be toward heaven and they remain oblivious of
the fact, or uncaring, that the Communist notices sent out by Satan's pub-
licity bureau hanging in their very Church are calls to Christ's flock to hear
Communists like Henri Barbusse, advocates of Christ crucifixion and throat-
slitting Red revolution, preach Communism as the "Way and the Truth."
As one sees the blind leading the blind into the ditch, one realizes that Hell
must indeed live up to its reputation of being "paved with good intentions."
That some Methodists are awakening to the issue now being forced within
the church by radicals, and that they wish to cleave to the "faith once deliv-
ered" and to the Rock of Ages, rather than to the new social order of Marx
and Lenin, is shown by statements such as that of Methodist Bishop Leete
which I have quoted under "Christian Century." The survey of Bishop Lake
revealing that the Methodist Church had lost 2,000,000 members between
1920 and 1932 should also provide food for thought. The fault certainly
does not lie with the drawing power of Jesus Christ, "the same yesterday,
today, and forever."

"NEWS"

There is a saying: "When a dog bites a man, that is not news, but when
a man bites a dog, that is news." Red meetings are constant occurrences in
Evanston, Illinois. People either do not sense their significance or are used
to them. It is not considered "news" that James M. Yard should at the same
time be Dean of Religious Education of the Methodist Northwestern Uni-
versity, an active Communist-defending A. C. L. U. committeeman, an adver-
tised John Reed Club speaker, and an official sponsor of the communist
revolutionary Chicago Workers Theatre. (Once Methodists frowned upon
the ordinary worldly theatre.) Nor, when the post of Dean of Religious Edu-
cation was abolished and Yard lost his position, was the public announce-
ment by Pres. Walter Dill Scott that Yard was not let go because of his
radicalism, in itself, considered news. That Max Otto, a leader of the atheist
movement, should be engaged in successive years by this Methodist Uni-
versity to lecture to its students on such subjects as "Can Science Recognize
God" (Oct. 1933) and be praised and honored by the college paper for these
addresses, is not news; nor is Harry Ward's address in praise of Godless
Russia at Garrett Biblical Institute, or the sale of I. W. W. and other Red
literature at this Methodist college Y. M. C. A., news. But when, following
only two of the many Red meetings held in Evanston churches, a group of
patriotic Americans gathered outside and sang "America" in protest against
the sedition they had heard preached within, this was indeed as though a
man had bitten a dog. It was news and the newspapers featured it!

"News'9 39

The first of these was an A. C. L. U. meeting held in Tittle's Evanston
M. E. Church and addressed by Carl Haessler, a teacher and official of the
Communist Party's school of revolution at 2822 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago,
and a fellow A. C. L. U. committee member with Dr. Tittle. Haessler ended
his talk with a little story illustrating the A. C. L. U. viewpoint, frankly say-
ing "And so what we want is not more liberty but more licenser'' On the
Church bulletin board hung an announcement of Communist Scott Nearing's
lectures. Tittle attended this meeting. Inside the door of the church at the
close of the meeting a Communist handed out leaflets reading: "A Lecture
of Vital Importance! — by Romania Ferguson who recently returned from
the Lenin Institute of Moscow. On Tuesday, January 17th, 8 P. M., at The
Unitarian Church of Evanston — Fight for the freedom of the Scottsboro
boys! Join with the International Labor Defense! Auspices: International
Labor Defense, Scottsboro Branch of Evanston."

The patriotic crowd who had attended this A. C. L. U. meeting out of
curiosity, indulged afterwards in some arguments on the church lawn with
Red sympathizers, among them Catherine Waugh McCulloch of the A. C.
L. U., who had presided at the meeting. But this would not have merited
publicity, only that a young Red who intruded himself into the conversation
I was holding with friends attempted to slap my face when I contradicted
him, and he was chased by my husband and some Legionnaires. The
attempted but unsuccessful slap was news!

At the announced communist I. L. D. meeting which followed, the Reds
were prepared to defend themselves against any patriotic utterances. Police
were stationed inside the Unitarian Church. And one menacing looking
Negro in front of us pulled out his gun and looked it over before returning
it to his pocket. Others had bulging pockets. A colored woman as officer of
this I. L. D. branch announced that regular meetings were held in this
Unitarian Church every first and third Tuesday of the month; also that all
of the 18 north side branches of the I. L. D. were expected to participate in
a Communist demonstration to be held before the Japanese consulate in Chi-
cago the following week as a protest against Japan's war against the Chinese
Soviets and Chinese revolution. When this demonstration actually took place,
an army of steel-helmeted policemen was required to disperse the surging
crowds of Red rioters which formed and reformed to advance on the building.
Several policemen were injured and one without a steel helmet had his skull
fractured by Communists.

Romania Ferguson, the colored girl advertised as speaker for this I. L. D.
meeting, who had been trained at Moscow's Institute for Red agitators from
all countries, was then teaching with Haessler (speaker in Tittle's church)
at the Communist Chicago school of revolution. She spoke of the Scottsboro
case and then contrasted the wonderful life and race relations of Soviet
Russia, and said that the only way for the 12,000,000 colored people in the
United States to obtain a similar "paradise" was to unite with the white
Communist "workers" in the "revolutionary way out" and set up a Soviet
government in the United States as the Russians had done. (Pure sedition
and in direct violation of the Illinois sedition law).

She was followed by Albert Goldman, fellow teacher with herself and

40 The Red Network

Haessler at the Chicago school of revolution. He said that it was a good
thing the capitalistic class in America were building fine homes and other
buildings as these would then be ready for the " workers" to take over and
occupy by revolution in from six months to a year. He said that only old
people cared for churches in Russia now; that no one under 35 went to
church and, as the old people would soon die off, churches would soon be
extinct there. He pointed out that children could be taught anything and
that the same thing could be accomplished in America by training the young
generation against religion. (A fine meeting to advertise in a Methodist
Church!) Red cards were passed out at this meeting advertising a Scott
Nearing lecture for the benefit of the Communist school of revolution. Near-
ing's lectures had been advertised on white paper on the bulletin board at
the Methodist Church, a slight difference — in paper.

The police who had so staunchly stood by while Romania talked sedition,
at once attempted to disperse the patriotic crowd that stopped to discuss the
meeting outside. They were told to go back inside the church, but the group
objected saying they were not wanted inside the church, that the police
allowed sedition inside why not patriotism outside? When one policeman
kept insisting they must either go back inside the church or go home, some
in the crowd said "All right we will go back in. Come on!"; but as they
started to do so, a woman of the church aided by a policeman barred the door
of the church and flourished her arm at me and said: "You shan't come in."
I said: "Keep your hands off me" as she waved dangerously near my nose
and this flourishing falsely reported as "hitting" furnished the "news" for
the next burst of publicity, which, however, did some really enlightening
educational work. People who had been actually unaware of the Red move-
ment in Evanston started wondering and inquiring what it was all about.

Soon after this, a patriotic group in Evanston published a pamphlet of
authentic and indisputable information revealing the purposes of the organ-
izations these ministers support. They distributed a copy to practically every
home in Evanston at their own expense with the result that — ? O, no, they
received no praise whatever! On the contrary the patriotic editor who gave
the situation in Evanston some truthful publicity and participated in pre-
paring the pamphlet lost his position owing, so he said, to the pressure brought
by M. E. Church supporters upon the wealthy "patriotic" men of national
reputation who owned the newspaper!

And what did the dear smart successful American capitalist Church
trustees, who collect $85,000 or more each year to support Tittle's activities,
do? They issued a public statement rebuking those who would interfere with
the "free" speech of the M. E. Church pulpit and expressing their staunch
admiration for and support of Dr. Tittle.

One feels like snickering at the thought of the triumph of Socialism, which
Tugwell, in the National Religion and Labor Foundation (see) Bulletin,
(of which Tittle is an editor) says will literally da away with private business.
One can picture with amusement these capitalists who support Socialism
having had their businesses "done away with." But the sad part is that we
"bourgeoisie" and the hopes and futures of the present rising "proletariat"
and of their and our children would all suffer as well with the sweeping away

Jail or Asylum for Me — Suggests "Liberal" Mandate 41

of the American system. That is why a public political propaganda pulpit
becomes a public affair and deserves public and political opposition.
The communists' Federated Press news service, Mar. 29, 1933, stated:

"The trustees of the Unitarian Church of Evanston, where the Intl.
Labor Defense has been renting a hall for its fortnightly meetings, declare
that they 'consider it against the spirit of the church to deny the use of
its church house to any group of people who might wish to rent it for
political, economic, social or educational purposes, except those whose
meetings would be objectionable on moral grounds or those whose meet-
ings might be definitely forbidden by the law of the land.'

"The Rev. R. Lester Mondale of the church had been criticized by pro-
fessional patriots for allowing the I. L. D. to rent the church hall. Trustees
of the First Methodist Church of Evanston similarly supported the Rev.
E. F. Tittle when he was rapped by the patrioteers for permitting a civil
liberties meeting in his church hall."
The Advisor of March 15, 1933, stated:

"Following the activities of the American Legion and Paul Revere
Clubs in exposing the affiliations and red-supporting activities of the
Reverend Ernest Fremont Tittle, pastor of the First Methodist Church,
Evanston, Illinois, the government board of the church has issued a state-
ment expressing 'absolute confidence in Dr. Tittle's Christian character
and his deep unselfish devotion to his country and humanity.' We note
that these profound expressions of support come from Fred Sargent, presi-
dent of the Northwestern Railroad, William A. Dyche, donor of Dyche
Stadium to Northwestern University, R. C. Wieboldt, and others.

"This is quite typical of the warning we have voiced continually in
our bulletins. Knowing little or nothing of the ramifications of Com-
munism and Socialism, these 'Captains' of industry listening to the siren
voice of this misleader, come to his support with a vote of confidence.
The average man would sing pretty hard to get the support of the millions
represented by the three men named above. The moral and financial
support which is given the Communist and Socialist movements by the
very class that would suffer most if these agencies should win control, is
one of the principal factors in the perpetuation of these movements in this
country. Without this support Communism and Socialism would collapse
of their own weight.

"Men like Tittle are more valuable to the Communist movement than
if they were actual members of the Party. Lenin's injunction 'Get things
done and paid for by others' has been fulfilled to a remarkable degree.
The unfortunate part of things is that should either Communism or
Socialism succeed in their objectives the loyal would have to suffer for
the mistakes of the misguided. The more we study Lenin, the more we
appreciate his diabolical shrewdness and psychology."

JAIL OR ASYLUM FOR ME— SUGGESTS "LIBERAL" MONDALE

The September, 1933 issue of the communist magazine "Anti Fascist
Action," published by the Chicago Committee to Aid Victims of German

42 The Red Network

Fascism of the communist W. I. R., contains, in addition to material by Com-
munist authors, a section headed "Correspondence," which invites "the true
expression of workers everywhere" and says: "Here is the space! Voice
your indignation, your protest, etc." To quote:

The following letter comes from R. Lester Mondale, Evanston, who takes
this opportunity to answer a worker who had written to him, asking "How

is it possible for Mrs. (a notorious red-baiter) to insult every worker

in this country, calling them 'gutter adherents,' without being thrown into
a prison or insane asylum?":

"Dear Frank:

"You ask, 'How is it possible that this woman can insult every honest
wage earner in this country without being thrown in a prison or insane
asylum?

"Permit me to tell you how it is possible for these respectable women
to insult you and to get away with it. My answer will sound stranger than
fiction. But Frank, the reason it sounds strange is that you have been
fed up on the lies you read every day in the newspapers and the lies you
were taught in the public schools — lies about every American being born
free, and equal to the richest.

"The lady you speak of is a well-known North Shore 'patriot.' She
speaks before fashionable churches; the Legionnaires admire her; the
D. A. R. ladies introduce her at speaking engagements. Now, Frank,
there is a man in Chicago (another patriot, who has an organization for
spying on communists and liberals) who also speaks before churches,
Legionnaires and D. A. R. conventions. This man is a great friend of the
lady who insulted the working men. In fact, Frank, this lady and this
man more often than not are seen together in public gatherings, and the
style of her anti-red pamphlets strikingly resembles the style of the reports
sent out by his spy organization.

"One sentence will explain why they insult you, Frank. This man I
speak of was for years a professional strike-breaker in the Clay Products
Industries. Do you see the connection now? By pretending to be super-
patriots these people can break up the workingman's unions, keep him
in poverty, and call all liberals like myself un-American Communists
because we would like to see these ladies get a little less of the country's
income and honest workers like yourself get your just share.

"To these respectable ladies, you are a 'gutter adherent.' To them,
the wife you love, 'stinks of the gutter'; to them, the babies you bring
into the world are 'rats of the gutter' and they can use the gutters (when-
ever the super-patriots haven't parked their Packards) for their play-
grounds. You 'gutter' people should be glad to kiss the hands of the
wealthy for their willingness to be compelled to pay enough in taxes to
keep you starving to death on the installment plan on the dole. You
'gutter' people should be glad to get a fifteen dollar week minimum wage
and to starve and freeze through life while the government dumps wheat
in China, plows under the cotton crops, closes coal mines, and slaughters
hogs. You 'gutter' people who complain if the Citizens Committee (whose

Jail or Asylum for Me — Suggests "Liberal" Mondale 43

own children go to private schools) destroy the public schools with their
economies, when thousands of contractors would be willing to put up
new buildings and thousands of unemployed teachers would gladly teach
your 'gutter' children — you who complain are trouble makers, un-
American !

"You and I know, Frank, that the 'gutter' people of New York and
New England made the rulers of Cincinnati and Cleveland; that the
'gutter' people of Europe and Ohio made the rulers of present day Chi-
cago; that the 'gutter' people of Indiana and Illinois made the pioneers
of the great West. But Frank, now there is no West where you can
show the world the fight there is in you; now you must not complain,
you must not demonstrate, you must not strike — to do so would be to
disturb the peace and be un-American. You stay where you are — in
the gutter.

"But Frank, I have been a 'gutter' person myself. I know that you
have the intelligence not to be fooled for long by the lies of the insulting
'patriots' and their schools and their newspapers.

"Your fellow workers in Germany were not fooled. They saw the
German patriots grinding the life out of the working men at a time when
their country was over-flowing with milk and honey, and they organized.
In Germany the respectable people, such as insult you in this country,
became afraid that the working man would get justice, that the working
man would seize the factories in which he worked and use them for all
the people, rather than for the respectable patriotic few, the owners.
Today, the German relatives of those American women who insult you,
are making their last desperate stand under the leadership of that mad-
man and enemy of the worker, Hitler. They are making one last desperate
stand to keep the working man in the gutter. The German workers need
your help. If you can help the German working man today, help to over-
throw Hitler Fascism, then, when the time comes for you to get justice
in this country, they will stand ready to help you.

"The day is coming, Frank, when those who insult honest working
men will be cast into prison or into the hospitals for the insane. And you,
Frank, are the one to set the date.

"Very Sincerely yours,
"R. LESTER MONDALE."

Since I too may be besieged by Red Workers asking my help and advice,
I now take this opportunity to answer a Red who may write to me:

Dear Red Worker:

You ask me why Rev. puts on such a show of sympathy for

the Communist cause and of hatred for its enemies while at the same time
he himself does not come out and stand by your side as an avowed comrade?
You want to know why he calls himself a "Liberal" instead of a Communist?

I will explain this to you, Red. You see Rev. has a much better

education than you have and he likes North Shore bourgeois comforts, the
title of "Rev.," an income from capitalistic sources, and he does not want
to lose these nor to risk his head in Red demonstrations, nor to spend his

44 The Red Network

time in smelly jails with you. Don't you see how much safer it is for him
to peek out from behind the skirts of respectability, to sic you on to do the
dirty work? In that way he gets the thrill without paying the bill.

After the Revolution is over, of course, I shan't blame you, Red, if you
do with his kind just what your brothers in Russia did after their Revolution.
They made truces with some of their outright Czarist enemies but they
cleaned out as so much bourgeois trash the yellow little professors and min-
isters who had tried to play both sides and were true to neither, especially
when it came to making sacrifices. This was right. One cannot depend on
a man who is not loyal to his colors — be they Red or White.

Mike Gold has the right idea. In his communist Daily Worker column,
Oct. 24, 1933, he says of these arm-chair warriors:

"One of the basic dangers has been that these intellectuals come into
the movement bringing a great deal of worthless bourgeois baggage in their
minds and trying to sell this junk to the movement. They sometimes demand
positions of leadership, and try to revise and pervert the proletarian char-
acter of the Communist movement. . . . One of the most amazing sights to me
has been to watch some of the recent recruits to Marxism around New York.
Their progress is sometimes as rapid and humorous as that of an old Key-
stone comedy. On May 1 they suddenly discover the proletarian revolution.
It had been present in the world for over 60 years but the boys shout and
whoop as though they were original Columbuses. ... By the next May Day
these heroes have been completely disillusioned. Now they have a whole
new program for Communism and they share the 'betrayed' feeling of a
Trotsky. Really it is no wonder intellectuals get a bad name. The worker
earns his Communism and the right to make mistakes by hard and dangerous
experience. Do these intellectuals really EARN their right to criticize? They
know nothing, actually nothing, of the revolutionary practise. It is all in
their heads."

The next day he took another crack at them, saying: "the truth for
which one is ready to die or (more dreadful) the truth for which one is ready
to go ragged and poor . . . this really is the Integrity that the vacillating Stuart
Chases cannot permit themselves to see or announce. This is the true luxury
of integrity — the guts to speak out and say 'Capitalism is dead, Long live
Communism I' '

One cannot dispute Rev. 's statement that he belongs in the

gutter ; but if I felt about Communism as he says he feels, I would quit ped-
dling the "opium" of religion, as Marx calls it, from a bourgeois North Shore
pulpit and call myself a Communist not a "Liberal."

But wasn't it kinda cute and deteckatif-like for him to find out all by
himself that a big strong man is seen with me "more often than not?" Of
course he only infers — you know. Wouldn't he be surprised if he could see
the door close on that man and me night after night when he brings me home?
He has stayed with me for fifteen years, and, while law and engineering are
supposed to be his professions, still he does break spinach-eating and neck-
washing "strikes" on the part of our children.

Like the rotten bourgeois that I am, I bear his name. But what's in a
name when one is facing at best the penitentiary or asylum as I am?

Who Are They? — Gandhi 45

On the door of the A. C. L. IT. Chicago hdqts., Room 611, 160 N. La Salle

St., of which Rev. and Carl Haessler are both members is

printed "Institute for Mortuary Research, The Director, Carl Haessler, Fed-
erated Press," etc. Do you not see the connection, Red? While Haessler
capably runs the communists' Federated Press and teaches leaders for Red

revolution at the communist Workers School, his and Rev. 's

A. C. L. U. committee in his office defend his pupils when they participate in
little riot practise skirmishes. But with the Institute for Mortuary Research
under the same capable Haessler direction, how can people like me have
hope of the asylum or penitentiary after the Revolution?

Yours until I clasp a White's lily,

MRS. A. W. DILLING.

WHO ARE THEY?

Those who read newspapers these days without some knowledge of Red
propaganda and its propagandists miss much of the significance of what they
read. Lectures, forums and debates, advertised in such a way as to make it
appear they are impartial educational entertainments of general public
interest, are the mediums constantly used for subversive propaganda among
the intelligentsia.

Stuart Chase, when he lectured before the society Town Hall audiences
was advertised as an "economist" and author, not as a Socialist propagandist
and former associate of the Berkman anarchist gang. Scott Nearing, the
Communist mouthpiece of Moscow, is also referred to in the press as a lec-
turer and "economist." In the press notices announcing Horace Bridges as
the speaker for a North Shore audience, his connection with the Ethical
Society was emphasized, but no mention made of his connection with the
Communist-aiding American Civil Liberties Union. He is on the Chicago
Committee which has been pushing suits against the City of Melrose Park
because its police, when attacked and defied by Communist rioters, were
forced to uphold law and order and use guns. If these suits are successful,
no one will be safe, for naturally the police will not dare to interfere with
Communist agitators.

Gandhi

Vithalbhai J. Patel, speaker at the Wilmette Sunday Evening Club and
Union League Club of Chicago last year was the Gandhi aid released from
jail and "welcomed out" of India. He was the house guest while in Chicago,
of Herbert J. Friedmann, who is on the executive board of the Chicago Civil
Liberties Committee. Patel was listed in the Communist Moscow News of
August 30, 1932, as the delegate for India to the Communist "World Con-
gress Against War" which convened in Amsterdam in August, 1932.

"The Surrender of an Empire" (by Nesta Webster, published by Boswell,
London), in writing about Gandhi's Moscow-financed agitations in India,
has bits like this: "In 1928, the Bardoli No-Tax Campaign was carried
out by Vithalbhai Patel. This agitation, though ostensibly industrial, was
directly inspired by Communist agents. . . . Meanwhile money had been sent

46 The Red Network

continually from Moscow to the strike leaders. In May it was publicly
announced that £1575 had been sent. ... In August a sum of £5500 ... on
September 5, £1000 from Moscow. 'The Statesman' confessed itself puzzled
as to the policy of the British government in allowing Soviet Russia to remit
these sums through British banks in order to foment agitation. ... In March,
Pravda (Moscow official paper) had declared that the battles in India 'are
now part of the World Revolution, led, organized and watched over by the
Communist International ... in July it devoted eight columns to an analysis
of the position in India, showing that Moscow was not only heavily sub-
sidizing the revolutionary movement there, but maintaining its own spies
and agents, and again admitting that it was out to destroy British power in
India." (The British government sent an appeal to the Indian people say-
ing the government and Viceroy were in entire accord with Indian desire
for self-government. Gandhi, Nationalist leader, replied demanding a con-
ference.) "The violent elements in the Nationalist camp replied more for-
cibly by placing a bomb on the rails outside Delhi, with the object of blow-
ing up the Viceroy's train, which was carrying him, on December 23rd, to
a meeting with Gandhi and other Nationalist leaders. The plot, however,
failed in its effect . . . (1930) Savage rioting broke out in Calcutta; a raid,
accompanied by the murder of British officials and every form of violence,
was made on the armories of Chittagong ; loyal Indian police were massacred
and burned by brutal mobs at Sholapur; the Afridis descended from the
hills and Peshawar burst into flame. As Gandhi peacefully observed to the
'Times' correspondent 'Non-violent and violent movements always go hand
in hand.'

"Then and then only, when India was in a blaze from end to end, the
Viceroy took alarm and resolved on firmer action. ... On May 5 Gandhi was
arrested. His successors to the leadership, the aged Abbas Tyabji and Mrs.
Naidu, then the Pandit Motilal Nehru and Vithalbhai Patel followed him
into imprisonment later."

Glenn Frank

When a radical forum wrote a local paper asking that in its columns
"particular attention" be given to Glenn Frank, their lecturer to be, the
paper asked me to write this publicity and published the following (Oct. 28,
1932), which complied with the letter if not the spirit of the request.

Those who have paid "particular attention" to the Red movement know
that Glenn Frank, president of the U. of Wis., is on the Mooney-Billings
Committee organized by the American Civil Liberties Union, which fights for
Communists and upon whose national board sit such Moscow-controlled
Communists as William Z. Foster, Scott Nearing, and Robert W. Dunn. They
know also of the exposures made by John B. Chappie, fiery Wisconsin editor,
whose revelations showing the connections between radicalism and atheism
at Wisconsin University and Communism-Socialism-La Folletteism resulted
in such an uprising at the last election that for the first time in forty years
the La Follette dynasty was overthrown. The Wisconsin voters registered
their unwillingness to surrender to the threefold Red onslaught against (1)

Who Are They?— Glenn Frank 47

the right to own property, (2) the American home and Christian moral
standards, (3) the American form of government.

Harry Elmer Barnes, who said "There is no such thing as sin, scientifi-
cally speaking, and hence it disappears into the limbo of outworn super-
stitions. The Bible deserves no reverential awe," etc., founded the Wisconsin
American Civil Liberties Union chapter with headquarters at the University.
Governor La Follette, and Prof. Meiklejohn, head of the Wisconsin Uni-
versity Experimental College, are committee members. Meiklejohn's pupils
on the Communist Labor Day, May 1, 1931, were flying the Red flag and
singing the Internationale without known protest from him. One of his pupils,
Fred Bassett Blair, now running for governor on the Communist ticket, was
sentenced to serve a year for rioting in Milwaukee. Meiklejohn worked
diligently to have him released. Governor La Follette pardoned and released
him before his term expired.

Bill Haywood House, named in honor of the Anarchist-Communist and
occupied by radical students, a large proportion being self-professed Com-
munists, has been situated on University property. A large photo of Lenin,
sent from Russia, decorated the walls. (U. P. Dispatch.)

The Wisconsin University Zona Gale Scholarship was awarded to a young
Communist, David Goronefsky, alias Gordon. He led a Communist parade
at Madison which resulted in the injury of two persons. He wrote an obscene
poem against the United States, printed in the communist Daily Worker,
which was so vile that he was sentenced to serve three years in the New
York State Reformatory. Zona Gale, one of the Wisconsin University
Regents wrote the New York Parole Board begging for Gordon's early release
saying in part (U. of Wis. Cardinal, May 8, 1928): "I am interested in the
future of David Gordon. Mr. Gordon was the winner of a scholarship in
competition with many other applicants, a scholarship which he held at the
time of his conviction for an offense committed before he entered the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin. As the donor of this scholarship I want you to know
that with the approval of the president the scholarship will continue to
belong to Mr. Gordon upon his release from the reformatory."

In a notorious case involving student immorality at Wisconsin University,
Prof. William Ellery Leonard defended the actions of the immoral students
in a long letter to President Frank, saying their actions were "founded on
the decent instincts of human nature." Dean Nardin in upholding marriage
and morality stated: "Prof. Leonard is an advocate of free love and a con-
tributing force to unsanctified marriage." President Frank was evasive. It
was noted, however, that after notoriety died down somewhat, Dean Nardin
was discharged while Prof. Leonard continued to hold his position. (See
Chappie's "La Follette-Socialism.")

Victor Berger, the Milwaukee Socialist, in a speech before a radical group,
said: "The ballot box is simply a humbug. Now I don't doubt that in the
last analysis we must shoot, and when it comes to shooting Wisconsin will
be there." He advised radicals to have good rifles and the necessary ammu-
nition. He died before his dreams materialized. This announcement appeared
in the Chicago Daily News (March 20, 1931): "The Victor Berger Foun-

48 The Red Network

dation is preparing to launch a drive next month for a $100,000 fund as a
nucleus for a national chain of daily newspapers 'for the promulgation of
liberal thought and public welfare.' Prof. John Dewey of Columbia Uni-
versity is one of the leaders of the foundation. Associated with him are Clar-
ence Darrow, Jane Addams, President Glenn Frank of the University of
Wisconsin, Upton Sinclair, and Elizabeth Gilman of Baltimore."

The Communist Daily Worker looked with such approval upon Maurice
Hindus' book about Russia, "Broken Earth," that they ran it serially. John
Dewey wrote the introduction to Hindus' next book. Hindus dedicated his
last book about Russia to Glenn Frank.

Harry Ward, A. C. L. U. leader, with Harry Elmer Barnes and Sherwood
Eddy, sent a demand to the United States War Department that the ban on
the Communist party in the Philippines be lifted. This was after 300 Com-
munists had been arrested charged with sedition. One month after this, at
the commencement exercises, President Frank bestowed an honorary degree
upon Harry Ward saying: "As chairman of the American Civil Liberties
Union you have valiantly defended those basic rights of free speech, free
press, and free association, without which neither scientific advance nor
social progress is possible."

A short time after this the New York Times (August 22, 1931) reported:
"The American Civil Liberties Union announced yesterday it had cabled
$500 to the Philippines to aid the legal defense of Communists indicted there
for sedition." The next spring (May 19, 1932) a New York Times report
on rioting, revolt and arson in the Philippines said: "Fourteen Communists,
free on appeal and assisted by the American Civil Liberties Union, are
declared to be leading general agitation."

Prof. Max Otto, well known for his atheistic ideas, is prominent at Wis-
consin University. His picture appeared in a periodical with the heading:
"Is there a God?" and below this: "Max Otto says— NO."

One who has paid "particular attention" to Glenn Frank is not surprised
that he thought it necessary to announce publicly that he is not a Com-
munist, and that he believes in the existence of a God. The Chicago Tribune
commented editorially upon this announcement.

Einstein

One of the best press-agented men in the world is Albert Einstein, who
dares to tell the smart professors that his Relativity theory is so far beyond
their intelligence that they cannot understand it — and gets away it! They
know, sure enough, that they cannot understand it but evidently figure that
the best thing to do is to keep quiet and leave him undisturbed on his self-
erected scientific throne, lest perchance his theory might be found to have
some basis some day, in which event they would be classed as ignoramuses
for having doubted it in the first place.

Fellow workers in the Red movement are glad, of course, to magnify Ein-
stein's importance in order to point out with pride that the greatest most
un-understandable scientist in the world is one of their number.

But no publicity for some reason is given to those sober courageous

Who Are They? — Einstein 49

scientific authorities who with proof deride Einstein's theory. Dr. Nikola
Tesla takes sharp issue with Einstein, saying: "The Einstein theory in many
respects is erroneous." Charles Lane Poor, Ph. D., Professor of Celestial
Mechanics at Columbia University, states: "The supposed astronomical
proofs of the theory as cited and claimed by Einstein do not exist." Prof.
Thomas Jefferson See, a distinguished scientific authority, says: "Einstein
is neither astronomer, mathematician nor physicist. He is a confusionist. The
Einstein theory is a fallacy. The theory that ether does not exist, and that
gravity is not a force but a property of space can only be described as a
crazy vagary, a disgrace to our age." Prof. Dayton C. Miller lectured before
the Western Society of Engineers on his experiments in complete refutation
of the Einstein theory.

Perhaps the most exhaustive treatise on the Einstein theories is the volume
entitled "The Case Against Einstein," written by Dr. Arthur Lynch, a very
eminent English scientist. While much of this treatise is a technical analysis
of the mathematical and philosophical fallacies of Einsteinism from a scien-
tific standpoint, part of it is of interest to the layman. Dr. Lynch cites such
critics of Einstein as the noted mathematicians, M. Picard, Henry Poincare,
"perhaps the most celebrated of his race since Cauchy," G. Darboux, "who
received the Nobel prize for mathematics," M. Paul Painleve, LeRoux, the
German Klein, the Italians Ricci and Levi Civita, "who have done most to
develop the mathematical instrument used by the Relativists" and who
reject Relativity, and the American "framers of the case which is the corner
stone of the theory, the Michelson-Morley experiment. Michelson rejected
the Relativist theory."

Dr. Lynch analyzes Einstein's popular vogue and says: "Yet as I cast
my eye over the whole course of science I behold instances of false science,
even more pretentious and popular than that of Einstein gradually fading
into ineptitude under the searchlight; and I have no doubt that there will
arise a new generation who will look with a wonder and amazement, deeper
than now accompany Einstein, at our galaxy of thinkers, men of science,
popular critics, authoritative professors and witty dramatists, who have been
satisfied to waive their common sense in view of Einstein's absurdities."

Personally I shall not forget the merry evening my husband and I spent
at a University round table lecture devoted to the Einstein theory. As our
instructor diagrammed space-time as a circle and visioned us meeting our-
selves as infants again coming around the circle of time, and demonstrated
the speed of a locomotive and its beams of light in accordance with relativity
and in contradiction to all accepted mathematical rules, we all, including
the instructor who admitted he could not understand it himself, howled with
glee. We felt as though we had spent an evening in a mental madhouse.

While I am unable to understand the scientific value of the Relativity
theory, I can understand the "relativity" of Einstein to his daughter. who
married a Russian and lived in Russia following her marriage. I can also
see the "relativity" of the atheist book he endorses and of the "Down with
War, Up with Revolution" pacifism of the War Resisters International, of
which he is a leader, to the communist Congress at Moscow, which he attended
(he appears in a photograph published by the Better America Federation),

50 The Red Network

and the relativity of the communist Workers International Relief, which he
sponsors, the communist Congresses against War and in favor of Red revo-
lution (see his "Who's Who"), which he has helped to assemble, and the
communist International Committee for Struggle Against War, upon which
he serves (1933) with Maxim Gorki, Remain Rolland, Henri Barbusse, etc.,
Moscow's world leaders for bloody Communist revolution. Atheism, pacifism
for capitalist countries, and militarism for Russia are Communist principles.

The League of Nations Chronicle, published in Chicago, March 1931,
reporting Einstein's address to 400 "peace" advocates in Chicago said: "No
one mentioned relativity. . . . Militant opposition to militarism was his key-
note. ... 'It is my conviction that the only way is actual refusal of military
service/ he said. . . . 'What I propose is illegal, but whenever a government
demands criminal actions from its citizens, they have a very real right to
oppose it and we must uphold them.' "

In his speech to the War Resisters conference at Lyon, France, he not
only urged defiance of the government authority which requires citizens to
bear arms in defense of their government, but also said: "I have authorized
the establishment of the Einstein War Resisters Fund. Contributions should
be sent to the treasurer of the W. R. I., 11 Abbey Road, Enfield, Middlesex,
England." This fund is for the defense of "militant war resisters."

"The Patriot" of London, Nov. 30, 1933, said: "It is reported from
Berlin that the entire seized property of Prof. Einstein and his wife has been
confiscated under the law regulating the seizure of property of Communists."

When Hitler started his campaign against Communists and Einstein's
Jewish relatives, Einstein demonstrated his "relativity" theory in a perfectly
understandable way by reversing his "pacifist" position and urging Belgian
war resisters to go to war against Germany.

When the Woman Patriot Society tried in 1932 to bar Einstein from
entering the United States, the whole company of Red intellectuals rose up
in wrath. Jane Addams' W. I. L. P. F. sent a message criticizing the Amer-
ican consul for even questioning the idol, Einstein.

Yet, legally, Einstein's membership in only one of these communist organ-
izations was sufficient to exclude him from admission to the United States.

The United States Immigration Act of February 5, 1917, requires: "That
the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the
United States: Anarchists or persons who believe in or advocate the over-
throw by force or violence of the government of the United States, or who
disbelieve in or are opposed to organized government ... or who are members
of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching disbelief in
or opposition to organized government. . . . The giving, loaning or promising
of money or anything of value to be used for the advising, advocacy or teach-
ing of any doctrine above shall constitute the advising, advocacy or teaching
of such doctrine." Etc. (Section 3.)

Nor is it necessary to prove he "had knowledge of the contents of the
programs ... or any one of them. It is sufficient if the evidence showed that
he was a member of, or affiliated with, such an organization as contemplated
by the statute." (Case of "Kjar vs. Doak," page six.)

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in the Robert F. Clark case (301

Who Are They? — Jane Addams

Pa. 321) held: "Anarchy will stalk in unmolested if individuals, because of
superior education, age or mental reservation, are to be permitted to resist
or to modify the laws of Congress according to their own individual beliefs."
That was a naturalization case where the fundamental principle of the United
States Constitution, namely, the power of government to defend its existence
and enforce its laws by force of arms, was at issue.

The program of Einstein's War Resisters International, which is actually
affiliated with at least three Anarchist-Communist societies, is in entire con-
formity with the teachings of Karl Marx as quoted by Lenin: "Not merely
to hand on from one set of hands to another the bureaucratic and military
machine . . . but to shatter it, and it is this that is the preliminary condition
of ariy real people's revolution."

Jane Addams

Greatly beloved because of her kindly intentions toward the poor, Jane
Addams has been able to do more probably than any other living woman (as
she tells in her own books) to popularize pacifism and to introduce radicalism
into colleges, settlements, and respectable circles. The influence of her radical
protegees, who consider Hull House their home center, reaches out all over
the world. One knowing of her consistent aid of the Red movement can only
marvel at the smooth and charming way she at the same time disguises this
aid and reigns as "queen" on both sides of the fence.

I was impressed with her charm and ability (and subterfuge) at my only
meeting with her, which was at a Legislative Hearing held at the Chicago
City Hall, May 29, 1933. She was there to testify against the passage of the
Baker Bills, which aimed only at penalizing the seditious communistic teach-
ing of overthrow of this government in Illinois colleges. One would not have
believed any person wishing to appear decently law abiding could have
objected to these Bills which easily had passed the Senate; but the vehement
fight the college presidents (Hutchins, Scott, McClelland, and McGuire of
St. Viator's) put up against them at the first Hearing in Springfield was in
itself a revelation.

At the second Hearing in Chicago, in reply to a gentleman's testimony
concerning Prof. Lovett's revolutionary speeches, Miss Addams, after plead-
ing for freedom to teach Socialism and Communism in schools because these
are world movements, said she was sure Prof. Lovett (who lives at Hull
House) had never advocated the overthrow of this government by force and
violence; in fact, said she, "I don't believe I ever heard of any member of
the Communist Party doing so ! Of course you all know I am a pacifist and
would not advocate the overthrow of anything by force and violence." (Lovett
writes the introduction of "Recovery Through Revolution" [see] .)

I arose to remark that Communists do advocate such overthrow as she
should know since she had been associated with enough of them, reminding
her that she had spoken only in December on the same program with Com-
munist Scott Nearing at the Student Congress Against War (see) at the Uni-
versity of Chicago. She started to deny this, but I held up the program of
the Congress with her name on it. Then she said: "But Prof. Nearing is
not a member of the Party any more." I replied: "He is lecturing under

52 The Red Network

the auspices of the Friends of the Soviet Union and for the benefit of the
communist Chicago Workers School of revolution at 2822 S. Michigan Ave."
"O, I didn't know," she murmured. (I had the announcement card with me.)

During this Hearing, Carl Haessler of this same school of revolution sat
taking notes, probably for his communist Federated Press, and when it
adjourned he came along with Jane Addams as she magnanimously sought
me out, her "enemy," to introduce herself. Graciously she said, "I don't
believe we have ever met, Mrs. Billing, I am Miss Addams." We shook
hands and I said "I believe you have a very kind heart for the poor, Miss
Addams, but why is it you have been helping the Communist movement all
these years? Communism only pulls people down!" She said "I am not a
member of the Communist Party." "No, of course not," said I, "You can
do so much more good from the outside. But you have belonged to every
outstanding Red-aid society from the American Civil Liberties Union with
its terrible record in aid of sedition down to this last National Religion and
Labor Foundation which uses atheist Soviet cartoons and talks plain revo-
lution." She said, "I make no apology for my connection with the Civil
Liberties Union. It was quite necessary during the war. But what is this
National Religion and Labor Foundation you mention?" I dug down into
my brief case and drew out its letterhead and pointed to her name on its
national committee. Mildly she professed to know nothing about it, and
her woman companion at her request copied off the address, presumably to
chide the organization for "using her name."

Only a few weeks later (July 21) the Chicago Daily News carried the
story of a radical strike in which three patrol wagons full of strike pickets
were arrested for "hurling missiles at returning workers and the police," and
stated that Lea Taylor of Chicago Commons (who had also testified against
the Baker Bills at this same Hearing), Karl Borders of Chicago Commons,
and Annetta Dieckman of the Chicago Y. W. C. A., along with Francis Hen-
son, Victor Brown, Norman Sibley, and Ralph Barker, jour delegates to the
national conference of the National Religion and Labor Foundation then
being held at Hull House, had joined the picket lines. So, after "discovering"
her membership and making inquiries, Miss Addams must evidently have
approved of the National Religion and Labor Foundation sufficiently to sanc-
tion its convention at Hull House.

Newspaper photographers approached asking to take our pictures, as Miss
Addams stood talking with me after the Hearing, with Carl Haessler grinning
like a little Cheshire cat at her side. He had written me up in the communist
Federated Press as a "rabid D. A. R.," following our previous encounter (see
article "Red Ravinia").

To the photographers Miss Addams said: "If Mrs. Dilling is broadminded
enough to have her picture taken with me, you may take it providing you
will call the picture Two D. A. R.'s' " and to me, "You know I also am a
D. A. R." But before a Haessler-Addams-Dilling photo could be snapped
then and there I truthfully spoke up and said "I am not a D. A. R., I am sorry
to say," which upset her plan.

Roland Libonati, chairman of the Legislative committee holding the Hear-
ings, was impressed no doubt by the array of talent ("important" personages

Who Are They? — G. Bromley Oxnam 53

such as college presidents and Jane Addams) which opposed the Baker Bills
and favored freedom for communistic teaching in our schools. Living as he
does within a block of Hull House, he must also realize the influence Jane
Addams wields in his political district. At any rate, the Bills were killed, as
he then intimated to reporters that they would be.

Miss Addams wields great influence also at the Chicago Woman's Club,
where the communist Chicago Workers Theatre (see) play "Precedent" was
given in May, 1933. Its Feb. 1934 play was presented at Hull House.

The communist Daily Worker, Saturday, Oct. 21, 1933, said: "Today the
John Reed Club will hold a banquet for Henri Barbusse at the Chicago
Woman's Club, 72 E. llth St. ... Jane Addams internationally known social
worker, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and head of the Women's Interna-
tional League for Peace and Freedom, writes that although illness will prevent
her from attending the mass meeting, she expects to be present at the banquet
and is anxious to meet M. Barbusse. . . . B. K. Gebert, district organizer of
the Communist Party, and Herbert Newton, editor of the Workers Voice, are
also scheduled to speak at the banquet. . . . Barbusse will be accompanied by
Joseph Freeman, editor of the New Masses and Prof. H. W. L. Dana, noted
author."

(See "Who's Who" for affiliations of Jane Addams.)

G. Bromley Oxnam

Louis Adamic, radical, in an article entitled "Liberals in Los Angeles" in
"Plain Talk" magazine for December, 1929, said: "A few years ago there was
in town a Methodist minister, Methodist only in name — Bromley Oxnam, a
man of tremendous personal force, who ran a dingy institution called the
Church of All Nations, preaching in a vacant storeroom in an out-of-the-way
street, interesting himself in all sorts of liberal and radical movements, fighting
for the atheistic wobblies who got into jail, pacifists, anarchists and other
victims of police persecution, running for office on independent tickets, speak-
ing from all sorts of platforms five or six times a week. He wanted to stay
in Los Angeles, but it was no place for a man of his sincerity and capacity
and so when he received an offer of the presidency of De Pauw University
in Indiana he wisely accepted it."

The Daily Worker, Communist newspaper, Oct. 26, 1926, stated: "Rev.
Oxnam, one of the American delegation of 24" (Sherwood Eddy's delegation)
"just returned from Soviet Russia spoke at the open forum of the Civil
Liberties Union at Music Arts Hall to a large audience. After reciting what
he had seen in that immense country he urged that the American government
recognize the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics. . . . Such statements as
'priests are considered parasites and are therefore disenfranchised' and 'tho
there is absolute religious freedom in Soviet Russia yet there are no young
people in the churches' were greeted with enthusiastic applause."

The American Vigilant Intelligence Federation of Chicago reprints the
charges which Leroy Smith, a member of the M. E. Church of Los Angeles,
laid before the M. E. Southern California Bishop, A. W. Leonard, on Sept.
22, 1923. To quote from these charges, specifications and mass of data con-
cerning Oxnam's radical activities: "I hereby charge that G. Bromley Oxnam,

54 The Red Network

. . . has proven by many and varied public activities, by many personal
affiliations and by numerous spoken and printed utterances that he is
utterly unfit to represent the Methodist Episcopal Church as one of her
ministers."

"Specification 1" cites details of a meeting held April 13, 1921, in behalf
of prisoners convicted for sedition at which Oxnam "had as a fellow speaker
Harriet Dunlop Prenter, the well known Communist."

Specification 2 tells how Oxnam spoke at "a protest mass meeting against
the Criminal Syndicalism Act of the State of Calif."; and at this same meet-
ing it was publicly advertised that "members of the I. W. W. now on trial
would address the meeting and did address said meeting, six of these men
being introduced as martyrs."

Specification 3 charges that May 19, 1923 under A. C. L. U. auspices in
the interest of Upton Sinclair and in defense of so-called "Freedom of Speech,"
in company with specified notorious radicals, "Mr. Oxnam opened the
meeting with prayer and as he started to pray, several in the gallery called
out 'Cut out the prayer'; one of these men said, 'Who the hell is that Bird?'
One of the others answered, 'That's Oxnam, the Wobbly Preacher.7 The first
one asked, 'Is he with us?' The second one replied, 'Is he? You ought to
hear the blankety blank blank preach sometimes.' Then the third man broke
in — 'That's the dope — that's great, once we get a few of these Holy Joes
coming our way, we'll be able to put the skids on the whole damned works,
president, constitution, government and all' — others agreed with fine fervor";
etc. (Note: "Wobblies" is the slang term for "I. W. W.'s.")

Specifications under the second charge concerning Oxnam's unfitness for
the ministry include: "One of Mr. Oxnam's trusted Lieutenants, an enthusi-
astic teacher in his Sunday School, has been Mrs. Kashub. Mrs. Kashub
entertained Harriet Dunlop Prenter and other numerous Communists and
I. W. W.'s on visits to this city. Mrs. Kashub has been teaching the children
from 9 to 11 years of age in the Church of All Nations; she has been using
Walter Thomas Mills' book called The Struggle for Existence' as a text
book. This book is wonderfully adapted to make it easy to understand Social-
ism. On a certain Sunday morning not long since, in the Sunday School Class
of Mrs. Kashub, the following program was carried out: First — The studies
in Socialism lasted one hour. Second — There was one hour of dancing. Third
— There was twenty minutes of singing — the meeting closed by singing 'The
Workers' Flag is the Red Flag.' "

Specifications No. 2 states: "The Boy Scout movement of the Church
of All Nations (Methodist Episcopal) is in charge of a young Russian
Socialist by the name of Klussman."

Specification 3: "The Church has a library of most up-to-date Socialist
and Communist books," etc.

Specification 4: "His religious services have not been religious services."
(See "Who's Who" for affiliations.)

"Red Ravinia" — Carl Haessler

Several years ago, because of the activities of a certain "Red" clique,
Ravinia acquired the nickname "Red Ravinia" in neighboring communities.

Who Are They? "Red Ravinia"—Carl Haessler 55

Carl Haessler spoke at the Ravinia Woman's Club April 13th, 1932, in
favor of Communism and violent Red revolution in America. His audience
was composed of well-dressed women who enjoy the comfortable homes,
great new inventions, and educational benefits of church and school which
the American "capitalistic" system has fostered as never before in the world's
history. To be sure, Haessler is a past master at the art of revolutionary
propaganda. His own account of how he and a few others incited the strike
of 3,200 fellow prisoners in Leavenworth Penitentiary demonstrates practical
ability which no doubt helped him to secure his present position as Chicago
head of the Communistic propaganda news-gathering agency, The Federated
Press.

In appearance, Haessler is harmless, even effeminate, and before the
Woman's Club he employed to perfection the manner of a sweet startled deer
beseeching its captors for mercy, which is so appealing to the mother instinct.
He told the ladies he wanted to avoid offending anyone, and apologetically
asked that his propaganda be regarded as an academic question (not a ques-
tion of life and death to all of us). By all the subtle arts of indirection and
innuendo he proposed a revolution of terror and confiscation as smoothly as
though he were offering his listeners a charming prospect or a chocolate cream,
and most of them seemed to accept it as such.

Haessler's introductory remarks were that, while he was not a member
of the Club (laughter), he felt that he had taken part in its life through his
wife, who had acted as Program Chairman, Secretary of the Board, etc., for
over ten years. After hearing this, I could well understand the difficulty
patriotic citizens and club members have had in trying to combat "Red" influ-
ence in Ravinia, where the Haesslers live.

Briefly, his arguments were for the confiscation of all private wealth and
property, and for putting these under state control (control by state political
machines being purer, supposedly, than private control). He said that while
the Socialist and Communist systems were interchangeable, Socialists think
they can win by peaceable means, while "history tells Communists" that
violence is necessary, and that his sympathies were with Communism. He
said Communism is inevitable and we had only to choose between "dragging
along" for several generations or "having it over with" by quick, violent
revolution. He deceptively compared this proposed revolution with our own
Revolutionary War for independence (as Communists always do). He non-
chalantly observed that while revolutions undoubtedly "pull down houses,"
many of these need pulling down anyway, and while they undoubtedly kill
people, all of these would have to die later anyway, so that, after a few gen-
erations this violence becomes immaterial. He omitted to say that property
destruction and death would be very material to this generation. However,
as Haessler's appearance is harmless and appealing, the ladies applauded him
enthusiastically; they had "listened," evidently, to his appearance.

It is interesting to note in Communist literature that criminal violence is
always promoted and excused under a cloak of supposed martyrdom. Negroes
are urged to fight their white "oppressors," who actually have freed them and
given them better jobs and opportunities than exist in Africa. Mooney is
the Anarchist convicted of bombing the 1917 Preparedness Day Parade at

56 The Red Network

San Francisco, when many were killed and injured. To the Communists,
Mooney is "framed" by his "capitalistic oppressors," and freeing him is a
popular Communist cause. Freeing the Scottsboro Negroes convicted of rap-
ing two white girls is another Communist enthusiasm (in order to stir up race
hatred). Patriotic citizens of Ravinia speak with despair and indignation
of their futile efforts to combat "Red" influences in Ravinia and of the per-
sistence required to keep the United States flag displayed there. As soon
as a "Ravinia Red" is reproached for disloyalty to America, he or she at
once assumes the martyr role, giving the role of "oppressor" to the patriotic
person, who is then referred to slightingly as a "hundred-per-center," "a
narrow-minded D. A. R.," or a "super patriot." To praise the American
Legion in "Red Ravinia" society circles, would be the social faux pas inex-
cusable.

No one in Ravinia has ever accused Brent Dow Allinson of being a "super
patriot." He is the infamous slacker who refused to serve his country in the
World War and, like Haessler, is a penitentiary alumnus. His mother is an
active member of the Ravinia Woman's Club.

Haessler served twenty-six months in Leavenworth and Alcatraz Prisons
(between June 1918 and August 1920), for refusal to serve the United
States during the World War. His reasons for refusing to serve, and his
activities while confined in prison, are clearly set forth in his article describ-
ing the strike incited by the "political prisoners" of whom he was one. This
article appeared in the Communist "Labor Defender" (issue of January,
1927), and is entitled "The Fort Leavenworth General Strike of Prisoners —
An Experiment in the Radical Guidance of Mass Discontent." It says in
part: "Not every convict took part in the general strike that brought the
War Department of the strongest nation on earth to its knees. But those
who scabbed will remember the surging of overwhelming cooperative action
that all but engulfed them." (He tells how the 500 out of 3,700 prisoners
who did not join were afraid to return to their cells for fear of the strikers.)
"How was this feeling brought about? It is an interesting experiment in the
solidarity of mobilizing and directing mass discontent. A small but highly
organized and highly conscious body of prisoners led the great majority
almost without the knowledge of anybody but the leaders and their opponents,
the military command of the prison. This small body of leaders were the
political objectors to the Wilson war. . . . Their purpose was general revo-
lutionary propaganda, and, if the occasion proved favorable, revolutionary
action , . . The politicals as a rule had no conscience so far as means of fur-
thering their main purpose was concerned. They deemed Socialism, or Com-
munism, as many of them began to call it after the Russian revolution, as
more important than any specially ordained way of achieving it ... Where
the commandant used spies and propaganda the politicals did likewise with
better effect. In a few months they had the roughneck ordinary military
convict tatooing red flags instead of the national emblem on their arms and
chests. In some weeks more they had them rejecting every chance to shorten
their terms by reinstatement with the colors." (He describes the riots in
which arms were broken, teeth knocked out, and prisoners "bruised to a
jelly.") "That night the commandant surrendered. The men then returned

Who Are They? "Red Ravinia" — Carl Haessler 57

to work. Their strike had been successful beyond their dreams. . . . The
political prisoners had not produced the mob but they had supplied the direc-
tion for it. The two factors cooperated in a neat little revolutionary experi-
ment behind the walls and under the guns of Fort Leavenworth. When the
tide of events produces similar conditions on a national scale, it may be that
men of national calibre will be ready to carry out a similar experiment on
national and international lines" (All italicising mine). He was the spokes-
man for the strikers, as is proudly stated in the radicals' Am. Labor Who's
Who.

In 1922, Haessler became Managing Editor of the Federated Press, which
is described in the U. S. Government Fish Committee report on Communism
(2290). The Communist Party of America considers the Federated Press its
own press service organization, and upwards of 200 papers in the U. S. are
affiliated with it. It represents and is closely associated with the Soviet Union
Telegraph Agency. Louis P. Lochner is European director and has an office
in Berlin where he is in close touch with the International Propaganda Bureau
of the Communist International of Moscow. Haessler is also an official of the
communist Workers School (of revolution).

Haessler, while lecturing August 12, 1926, is said to have referred to his
sister Gertrude as being then in Moscow studying "Journalism." Gertrude
Haessler writes not only for Communist papers but also for the Communist
"Party Organizer." She is an authority on publications of "shop nuclei,"
or revolutionary units in shops. The April, 1932, issue of that startling Com-
munist paper, the "Labor Defender," bears an article by her entitled "In
Blue Blood Kentucky." In it, she ridicules the "capitalistic" Lindberghs and
their lost baby, as Communist papers have been doing ever since the kid-
napping. She upholds Mooney and the convicted Scottsboro Negro rapists
and says: "Lindbergh shaking hands with the czars of the underworld in
the frantic effort to get back his 'chubby, golden-haired son' doesn't give a
damn for the nine terrified little dark skinned Scottsboro lads . . . Lindbergh,
the ideal of American boyhood, never made a move to see that Mother
Mooney got her son back during the entire fifteen years of his legal kid-
napping."

After Haessler's talk at the Ravinia Woman's Club, one of the "Red
Ravinians" said to a friend of mine who has the honor, which I have not,
of being a D. A. R. member; "I don't understand you D. A. R.'s at all. You
are all for that old 1776 Revolution but against this new revolution." Com-
munists delight in making it appear that our Revolutionary War for Inde-
pendence and the second Russian, or Bolshevik, revolution, as well as the
proposed international "Red" revolution, are all similar. They are not
similar. Our Revolutionary War of 1776 was to establish only the right of
this nation to govern itself. The first Russian revolution which overthrew
the Czar in February, 1917, formed the Kerensky government, patterned
somewhat after our own, and was a revolution concerning only Russia. The
U. S. was the first nation to officially recognize the Kerensky government.
But eight months later, in October, 1917, about 36,000 Russian Communist
Bolsheviks overthrew the Kerensky government and proceeded to repudiate
all national debts and set up a dictatorship over, not of, the "proletariat,"

58 The Red Network

more autocratic than any Czar's. They confiscated all private property,
murdered at least 3,000,000 persons of the upper classes and of those resist-
ing dispossession. They abolished all religion, for Communists everywhere
must not only be atheists themselves but also militantly anti-religious. They
set up and financed, as part of the Soviet government, the Third International,
whose purpose is (quoting U. S. Government Report 2290) "the stirring up
of Communist activities in foreign countries in order to cause strikes, riots,
sabotage, bloodshed and civil war . . . The ultimate and final objective is by
means of world revolution to establish the dictatorship of the so-called pro-
letariat into one world union of Soviet, Socialist Republics with the capital
at Moscow."

As this U. S. report says (page 65) : "There is a sharp distinction between
the right to advocate in an academic way any doctrine we like and the right,
which is not right, under any reasonable interpretation of our Constitution,
to preach and plan the overthrow of our republican form of government by
force and violence." This report says in regard to the Soviet "five-year
plan": " Travda,' the Communist organ, of August 29, 1929, fully defines
its purpose: clt is a plan tending to, undermine capitalist stabilization. It is
a great plan of world revolution.' " In spite of the efforts of radical Senators
with Soviet sympathies, like Brookhart, Borah, La Follette, etc., the U. S.
Government long refused to officially recognize the Soviet government.

Atheism and Communism go hand in hand. The February 14, 1928,
issue of the Communist "Daily Worker" announced an illustrated lecture by
Carl Haessler on "The Twilight of Religion in Soviet Russia" under the
auspices of the Russian branch of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Atheism at Workers' Home, 1902 West Division Street, Chicago. On
January 7, 1932, Haessler gave a lecture "The Twilight of the Gods in
Russia" at the Communist atheist forum at 109 West Chicago Avenue,
Chicago.

Haessler is a committeeman of the American Civil Liberties Union, of
which the U. S. Report (2290) says: "The A. C. L. U. is closely affiliated
with the Communist movement in the U. S. and fully ninety per cent of its
efforts are in behalf of Communists who have come into conflict with the law.
It claims to stand for free speech, free press, and free assembly; but it is
quite apparent that the main effort of the A. C. L. U. is to attempt to protect
the Communists in their advocacy of force and violence to overthrow the
Government, replacing the American flag by a red flag and erecting a Soviet
government in place of the republican form of government . . . Roger Bald-
win, its guiding spirit, makes no attempt to hide his friendship for the Com-
munists and their principles." It was this same Roger Baldwin who recently
threatened to sue Henry Ford for "countenancing the injury" of the Com-
munist rioters at the Ford plant.

Roger Baldwin was the speaker for the Ravinia Woman's Club January
14, 1931. Mrs. Haessler was then the Club's Program Chairman. Ravinia
residents tell of the community dinner which preceded the evening meeting
of the Ravinia Woman's Club March 3, 1926, at which the honored speaker
was Scott Nearing, the well known Communist lecturer and a director of
the communistic Garland Fund. They tell how a patriotic school teacher
challenged Nearing's statements about Russia and how this challenge was

"/ Am Not Interested" 59

brushed aside. Scott Nearing and Arthur Fisher of Winnetka (A. C. L. U.
Chicago Chairman) staged a debate on a favorite Communistic subject,
"Imperialism" with Carl Haessler acting as chairman, at Plumbers' Hall,
1340 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, on March 10, 1928.

During the question period which followed Haessler 's talk at the Ravinia
Woman's Club, I asked a question which showed my antipathy for Haessler 's
proposed revolution. The audience at once broke into a surging tumult of
angry comment against me. Then, defying this hostility, I said: "Oh, you
have been listening to the insidious propaganda of the voice of Moscow,
whose government is attempting to overthrow our Government, etc. Just as
in Russia, you would be the class first to be murdered in case of a revolution
here. This meeting is an insult to a loyal American citizen!" Then, indeed,
there was a near riot. The Club President (Mrs. Robt. L. Grinnell, wife of
the President of the local school board) quieted the meeting momentarily
by apologizing to Haessler. Most of the audience applauded this act
vehemently. She then came to me, and to prominent members of patriotic
organizations who were with me, to criticize and to demand by what right
we were there. I was the invited guest of two members but I refused to
divulge their names, feeling that they had been persecuted enough in Ravinia
for their patriotic leanings. At Ravinia, once again, as in the Leaven worth
Prison revolt, Haessler "led the majority almost without the knowledge of
anybody but the leaders and their opponents."

This is a time when the entire world is feeling the unrest caused by the
strikes, sabotage, and revolutionary activities of Communists in India, Ger-
many, England, South America, New Zealand, America, and so on. Wealthy
Americans are now losing their fortunes, aging with worry, and turning to
despair and to suicide. Every American is feeling the economic pinch caused
by deflation and by the Communist "plan of economic unstabilization" or
"plan of world revolution." The person who joins Communists in accusing
our capitalists of closing their factories and ruining themselves for the pur-
pose of ruining the poor is either blind or willfully seditious. We do need
the Jeffers and Bachmann Federal Bills for our protection, but when loyal
fighting Americans unite in insisting that our elected officials enforce the
Illinois statutes covering sedition, then organizations like the Ravinia
Woman's Club, Y. M. C. A., and University of Chicago (a hotbed of similar
speakers) will lose their taste for hiring men of Haessler's calibre to preach
revolution to audiences who are also held responsible under these laws for
attending such meetings.

The Illinois Criminal Code (Chapter 38, Sections 558-564) provides a
penalty of one to ten years in the penitentiary for advocating the overthrow
of our Government by unlawful means, and a fine of $500 to $1,000 and
imprisonment for six months to one year for knowingly attending a meeting
at which such overthrow is advocated.

"I AM NOT INTERESTED"

Police line the streets when the Red flag is paraded down the streets of
Chicago, in defiance of the Illinois sedition law. Any week one may attend
immense revolutionary Red meetings, which are given ample police protection.

60 The Red Network

In fact, the Daily News last year reported that the only unseemly incident
in one Communist parade was when a Red flag was snatched from the hands
of a marcher by a bystander, but that it was quickly restored to the Red
by the police.

The Chicago police department granted a permit for a parade Sunday,
December 17th, 1933, of loyal Ukrainian-Americans who, after a service in
their church, wished to march to a hall to hold a meeting and raise funds
to try to save their relatives in the Russian Ukraine, now being "liquidated"
— deliberately starved to death — by the Soviet government. Even pro-Soviet
news reporters estimate the deaths by such starvation during the last year
as numbering in the millions, while the American Communist press main-
tains that such "liquidation" of bourgeois elements who object to Soviet
tyranny and destruction of religion, must go on until Russia is a "pure"
Communist state.

Dr. Emil Tarnawski, loyal American citizen, and president of the
affiliated Ukrainian-American societies of Chicago, with some 10,000 mem-
bers, also Lt. Nelson E. Hewitt, warned the Chicago police department, asked
for special police protection for this parade, and told them that a secret meet-
ing of the Reds had been held to plan an attack on the parade and that Dr.
Tarnawski and many of his people had been personally threatened with
death if they marched.

But only two policemen were with the 3,000 Ukrainian- American marchers
at the time the Reds attacked them by first throwing Communist leaflets from
above, then, as they looked up, throwing down bricks in their faces from
an elevated station platform. Hundreds of Communists along the sidewalks
simultaneously rushed in from both sides, and assaulted them with iron
pipes, tools, brass knuckles, etc. They tore the American flag to pieces, and
about 100 were injured. I personally saw many bandaged heads at the
Ukrainian meeting which I addressed. Dr. Tarnawski received a severe leg
injury and for some time was unable to walk. The communist Daily Worker
reported the attack jubilantly as a Communist triumph.

Judge Gutnecht (see Robt. Morss Lovett in "Who's Who"), who heard
the cases the next day, was reported in the press as criticizing the police for
having only arrested Communists, and not the Ukrainians whom they had
attacked as well! When their cases were tried only two received ten and
two received thirty days in jail for this bloody attack!

When sixteen of us, including Mrs. Tarnawski, as a delegation repre-
senting various patriotic societies, called upon Chief of Police Allman the
following Tuesday and laid the facts before him, I attempted to show him a
copy of the "Red Front of U. S. A.," a Communist revolutionary military
publication which boldly lists recruiting stations in New York, Los Angeles,
Chicago, etc. where Reds are urged to sign up for military training for just
such attacks, and in order to give the police "their due" in strikes and riots,
to "open food storage places," and says, "Any day may be the beginning of
the revolutionary struggle" and that "the dashing to pieces of the whole ap-
paratus of government is in the period of revolutionary uprising, thus easier
to accomplish. The Chicago office, 101 S. Wells St., Room 707 ... meets at
2322 W. Chicago Avenue" (near where the attack occurred). Chief Allman

/. So-Called "Pacifism"— Is It Christian or Red?

said, "We have recognized those people now." (We have not recognized the
overthrow of this government.) He refused to look at this Red publication,
saying very coldly, "/ am not interested."

While Chief Allman has been often praised by radicals and by the 1932
report of the Red-aiding Chicago Civil Liberties Committee for his "enlight-
ened attitude" toward "civil liberties" for Communists, some of us are still
interested in civil liberties for Americans, in the protection of the American
flag, and the enforcement of the Illinois State sedition law. The attorney
for the Ukrainian-Americans called upon the Federal authorities the same
day and was told that they are no longer interested in Communist activities.
Is anyone interested? Are you? What are you going to do about it?

I. SO-CALLED "PACIFISM"— IS IT CHRISTIAN OR RED?

(II Cor. 7:14) "Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers:
for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what com-
munion hath light with darkness?"

(Matt. 12:29) "How can one enter into a strong man's house and spoil
his goods unless he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his
house. He that is not with me is against me ; and he that gathereth not with
me scattereth abroad."

The sincere Christian pacifist, determined in spite of Biblical prophecy
to immediately invoke Christ's final reign as Prince of Peace on earth by
disarmament, buries his head in the sand like an ostrich, blindly ignoring the
fact that those most dominant in influencing, financing, boring from within,
if not actually controlling the great majority of pacifist societies are Socialists
and Communists who appear in the clothing of sheep crying "Peace! Peace!
when there is no peace" while they themselves, like ravening wolves, are agi-
tating "class struggle," "class war," civil wars and bloody revolution.

"Beware of false prophets," said Jesus Christ (Matt. 7:15), "which come
to you in sheep's clothing but inwardly they are ravening wolves. Ye shall
know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns or figs of thistles?"
— or peace of civil war or godliness of atheistic Socialism-Communism? one
might add.

Jesus Christ, who so militantly fought sin and so tenderly sought to save
sinners from the inescapable penalties of their sins, taught that "wars and
rumors" of wars would continue, "for these things must first come to pass.
And nation shall rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom" (St.
Luke 21:10), until a final era of great tribulation and warfare against Chris-
tianity (such as Communism is preparing) would culminate in a mighty
conflict ushering in His second coming and real reign as Prince of Peace.
Throughout the Scriptures, it is foretold that one of the signs preceding that
era would be the return of the Jews, scattered over the earth, to Palestine,
their homeland.

The great conflict, as visioned by St. John (Revelation, Chap. 17, 18),
will take place on the plains of Armageddon in Palestine, between lovers of
God and ten blasphemous kingdoms, in power but a short time, under the
control of "that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth" called

62 The Red Network

"The Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth" (a description per-
haps of Moscow and its blasphemous anti-God, anti-moral hordes now plot-
ting to control all governments). "These shall make war with the Lamb and
the Lamb shall overcome them: for He is Lord of Lords and King of Kings:
and they that are with Him are called and chosen and faithful." "For her
sins" (the city's) "have reached unto Heaven and God hath remembered
her iniquities." In regard to this final conflict, Jesus said (St. Luke 21:20):
"And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that
the desolation thereof is nigh." (Verse 22): "For these be the days of
vengeance, that all things that are written be fulfilled." (St. Luke 21:12):
"But before all these, they shall lay hands on you and persecute you deliver-
ing you up to the synagogues and into prisons, being brought before kings
and rulers for My name's sake." (Christians are now persecuted by the
Russian government and similar persecutions are under way in Mexico and
Spain. 300 churches were closed in Mexico in August, 1933).

St. Paul (Timothy 3:1-7) says: (1) "This know also, that in the last
days perilous times shall come." (2) "For men shall be lovers of their own
selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemous, disobedient to parents, un-
thankful, unholy." (3) "Without natural affection, truce-breakers, false
accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good." (4) "Traitors,
heady, high-minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God." (5) "Hav-
ing a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away."
(6) "For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly
women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts." (7) "Ever learning, and
never able to come to the knowledge of the truth"

One is forced to think, in this connection : of those present-day, Moscow-
loving, intellectual ministers who rewrite the Bible and teach it in modernist
style so as to leave faith in little besides its covers — "having a form of god-
liness but denying the power thereof"; of those, "Ever learning and never
able to come to the knowledge of the truth," who follow, like a will-of-the-
wisp, every conflicting theory, so uncertain, so wobbly in their own faith
that they willingly yoke their Christian faith equally together with the
agnostic, the depraved Hindu and similar cults, in a "Fellowship of Faiths,"
which applauded Wm. M. Brown (unfrocked Bishop) when he said: "We
must banish capitalism from the earth and gods from the skies!"; of Russia
falsely boasting of its "new social order," Communism-Socialism, which
teaches, in Russia and abroad (subsidized by the Soviet Govt.): Atheism
and blasphemy; disobedience to parents (Children of parents disenfranchised
because of being Christians are urged to publicly disown their parents in
Russia) ; want of natural affection on the part of parents (who are urged
to put their children into state orphanges for "mass education" (because of
the lack of such orphanages, thousands are deserted) ; trucebreaking (Mos-
cow makes "Non- Aggression Pacts" with nations within which she is main-
taining Moscow-directed schools training agitators to stir up bloody revo-
lution and civil war) ; incontinence or "free love" (taught by Marxian Social-
ists-Communists as "freedom from bourgeois sentimentality" and from the
"capitalistic private ownership of one man and one woman for each other,"
and propagandized everywhere by such sympathizers with the Red move-

/. So-Called "Pacifism"— Is It Christian or Red? 63

ment as: Communist Dreiser, Bertrand Russell, Bernard Shaw, Havelock
Ellis, Judge Ben Lindsey (aided by the Garland Fund), Freud, etc., etc.;
by "sex" publishers such as the Eugenics Publishing Co.; by some radical
and numerous commercially-greedy motion picture producers whose pictures
glorifying prostitution and vice inspire people "to be led away with divers
lusts" — and so on.

"Pacifist" Clarence V. Howell, director of Reconciliation Trips, announced
that he was voting for and supporting the Communist Party in its 1932 cam-
paign. "Pacifist" J. B. Matthews, exec. sec. of the "Pacifist" Fellowship of
Reconciliation, and a militantly revolutionary speaker at many Communist
meetings, was booked as co-chairman, with Communist Donald Henderson,
of the communist U. S. Congress Against War, Sept. 29, 1933, and fellow
speaker with Communists Earl Browder and Henri Barbusse at its sessions
(Daily Worker, Sept. 8, 1933).

That the "Pacifist" Fellowship of Reconciliation deliberately uses the
name of Christ to propagandize communistic theories among Christians is
shown in its release to members advising: "Position A. Keep Central and
Typical the Reference to Jesus — Brief A. ( 1 ) To omit all reference to Jesus
from our public statement of purpose or to make our reference to Him
incidental, so that it might be inferred that the Fellowship began with central
emphasis on the way of Jesus but has now substituted a wider basis, are
positions both subject to the following objections: . . . The Fellowship would
have less chance to influence churches and the Christian Student Movement
and to secure their cooperation in spreading radical Christian views on war,
economics, and race issues. . . . Many members might feel compelled to start
a new organization to regain the advantages of the original unequivocal basis
of the Fellowship for demonstrating 'left-wing' Christianity. (3) Much prac-
tical work of the Fellowship would be jeopardized. Hitherto our leadership
and support have come mainly from Christian sources. These sources espe-
cially have made possible the extension of our work in Europe, Central Amer-
ica and Southern United States. If the leadership and support of them is
seriously diminished what evidence is there that other pacifist groups can
take over this work and carry it on?" . . . But stating our objective in terms
of His type of love, has in addition to the advantages implied above such
reasons as the following: (1) The unique fitness of Jesus of Galilee to be a
world wide symbol of pacifism . . . the utter conflict between His way and the
way of military preparedness and war" etc., etc.

But Jesus Christ was not a "left-wing" proponent of "radical views on
war, economics and race issues." While teaching love and pity in the heart
for enemy or sinner, He said (St. Luke 11:21-23): "When a man armed
keepeth his palace his goods are in peace. But when a stronger than he shall
come upon him, and overcome him, he taketh from him all his armour wherein
he trusted, and divideth the spoils. He that is not with me scattereth against
me." In St. Luke 22:35, He said: "When I sent you without purse, and
scrip and shoes, lacked ye anything? And they said, nothing. (Verse 36):
Then said he unto them But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and
likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and
buy one. (Verse 38) : and they said, Lord behold here are two swords. And

64 The Red Network

he said unto them, It is enough." He also said (Matt. 10:34-37): (34)
"Think not that I am come to send peace on earth, I came not to send peace,
but a sword. (35) For I am come to set a man at variance against his father,
and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter-in-law against her
mother-in-law. (36) And a man's foes shall be they of his own household.
(37) He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me."

Nor was He pacifistic in His denunciations of sin and hypocrisy, for when
they came to Jerusalem "Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out
them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the
money changers, and the seats of them that sold doves ; And would not suffer
that any man should carry any vessel through the temple. And he taught,
saying unto them, Is it not written, My house shall be called of all nations
the house of prayer? but ye have made it a den of thieves." (St. Mark
11:15-17.)

I think of that when I see Communist posters on the bulletin boards of
Christian Churches.

Jesus taught that the Kingdom of God is within the individual heart. He
rebuked the idea of making His Kingdom a political system over this world
until after the final culmination of evil in the great Armageddon conflict and
the defeat of that "mystery of iniquity" which works to keep this world in
strife. (Eph. 6:12): "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but
against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of
this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places."

During His fast (Matt. 4), He was "led up of the spirit into the wilder-
ness to be tempted of the devil . . . the devil taketh Him up into an exceeding
high mountain and sheweth Him all the kingdoms of the world and the glory
of them: And saith unto Him, All these things will I give Thee, if Thou will
fall down and worship me. Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan:
for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt
thou serve." Today some "Christians" are not turning a deaf ear to this bid
for temporal power made by the satanic Marx.

They came asking Him whether they should revolt against Caesar's
government by refusing tribute and said: (Matt. 22:17-21): "Is it lawful
to give tribute unto Caesar, or not? But Jesus perceived their wickedness,
and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites? Show me the tribute money.
And they brought unto him a penny and He saith unto them, Whose is this
image and superscription? They say unto Him, Caesar's. Then saith He
unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's; and
unto God the things that are God's."

None of Christ's disciples taught a political revolution either in the name
of Christ or of "social justice." But the traitorous or misguided Christians
of today are doing so in teaching the "social gospel" of Socialist-Communist
revolution for the sake of the political "new social order" of atheist Karl
Marx. In warning against the false prophets that shall "deceive the very
elect," Christ said: "For wheresoever the carcass is there will the eagles be
gathered." So Christian pacifists today, dead to the realization that they are
cooperating with Jesus Christ's crucifiers when they cooperate with Marxians
for the "pacifism" of civil war, merely serve as the carcasses for these revo-
lutionary eagles to feed upon.

. II. Pacifism and Its Red Aids 6S_

How earnestly Christ asked his disciples three times in the Garden of
Gethsemane to watch with Him and to pray lest they fall into temptation!
But three times He came to find them sleeping. The last time, sadly, He
said (Matt. 26:45): "Sleep on now and take your rest: behold the hour is
at hand, and the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners." Then
Judas approached with those who were to crucify Him and betrayed Christ
to them with a kiss. So again today with the kiss of supposed friendship for
Christ the Judas "Christian" worker for atheist Socialism-Communism
betrays our Lord within His own sanctuary to the Socialists-Communists who
wait only for the power to destroy the Christian faith. It is as unsuitable
to yoke Christianity to Socialism as it is to yoke Christianity to atheism or
to yoke Christ's teaching pf the indissolubility of marriage and the family
unit to the Marxian teaching of "free love." The "class struggle" and "class
war" of Karl Marx have nothing in common with "Love your neighbor as
yourself" and frequent admonitions against coveting "anything that is his."
Karl Marx very correctly stated, in respect to the success" of his own teach-
ings, that the Christian "Religion is the opium of the people." It deadens
people to the call of the "Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth"
to follow the Marxian way of hate and lust and class war. Instead, the teach-
ing of the "Light of the World" offers them "The Way, the Truth and the
Life" everlasting. Christians should read the Parable of the Talents on the
unworthiness of doing nothing, and be sure that they are aligned on God's
side in this conflict to "fight the good fight" against satan's "whited sepul-
chres," the Red pacifists.

II. PACIFISM AND ITS RED AIDS

Anyone willing to peruse the dry documentary evidence by reading, for
example, the lists of Communist organizations and leaders named side by
side with "Peace" organizations and leaders, as cooperating and official sup-
porters of such Communist-organized and controlled affairs as the various
Congresses against War (World, U. S., Youth, Student), cannot doubt that
the Pacifist and Revolutionary movements are linked together by hoops
of steel.

One might wonder why revolutionaries support Pacifism. That they do
back Pacifism with good hard cash is shown by reading the Garland Fund
Reports. One sees, for example, that the Fund's directors: Communists
Wm. Z. Foster, Robt. W. Dunn, Scott Nearing, Eliz. Gurley Flynn, and
Benj. Gitlow (the first American Communist sentenced during the war),
and their close associates and fellow directors Socialist Norman Thomas,
Harry Ward, Roger Baldwin, etc., voted large sums of money in successive
years to Jane Addams' Women's International League for Peace and Free-
dom (see), which agitates against all R. O. T. C. and C. M. T. C. Camps,
all military training and armament for the United States but advocated
recognition of militaristic Russia and sweetly suggests abolition of property
rights (Communism).

One is surprised that a "peace" leader like Miss Addams could serve
with these same men for 10 years on the national committee of the American
Civil Liberties Union, 90% of whose efforts are in defense of Communist

66 The Red Network

revolutionaries, and not realize that their first plan is for bloody world
revolution and not "peace." One may choose to believe either that Miss
Addams was too dull to comprehend this, or that she believed a Communist
revolution would aid peace eventually, or draw one's own personal conclusions.

These same Garland Fund Communists and their associates voted "To a
group of students at Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute,
Evanston, 111. — April, 1924 — for anti-militarist movement, $497.41," record-
ing in the same official report sums given: to the Anarchist school at Stelton,
N. J.; to the Communist press; to the American Civil Liberties Union for
its Communist defense activities; to the communist Labor Defense Council
to aid their own director Wm. Z. Foster and his fellow Communists arrested
at Bridgman, Mich.; etc.

In the 1925-28 Report, we see they voted: to the "Optional Military
Drill League, Columbus, Ohio — for one half expense of campaign against
compulsory military training, $250"; to the "Wyoming State Conference
Methodist Church, Laramie, Wyo. — for publication of literature against com-
pulsory military training, $300"; and to the "Committee on Militarism in
Education, New York City (1) For preparation and distribution of pam-
phlet on 'Military Training in Schools and Colleges in the U. S.' $5,400 (2)
Toward general budget, $5,000," and later another $2,000; at the same time
voting to the Young Communist League at Superior, Wis., $2,000; another
$2,400 to Jane Addams' W. I. L. P. F. and $6,122.10 to the communist
Workers School of New York City, which trains leaders for violent Communist
revolution on the United States. Are these gifts for contradictory purposes?

Pacifists frequently refer to Soviet Russia's disarmament proposal as a
proof of its peaceful intentions. Maxim Litvinov, as Soviet "Peace Envoy,"
proposed to the League of Nations, in 1928, that all nations, including Russia,
immediately and completely disarm. This Maxim Litvinov, who is Meyer
Genoch Moisevitch Wallach (also alias Finklestein, Graf, Maximo vitch,
Buchmann, Harrison), "In 1908 was arrested in Paris in connection with
the robbery of 250,000 rubles of Government money in Tiflis. ... He
was deported from France." The bomb thrown by Stalin in this robbery
killed or injured fifty people. Litvinov's secretary Fineberg "saw to the dis-
tribution of his propaganda leaflets and articles. At the Leeds Conference,
2 June, 1917 (to hail the Russian Revolution to organize British Democracy
to follow Russia, and establish Soviets to replace our Government), Litvinov
was represented by Fineberg" (London Patriot, July 20, 1933). Litvinov was
barred from England for his seditious activities ; admitted back under Ramsay
MacDonald's Red Socialist government. Interception of Litvinov's mes-
sages from Moscow caused the raid on Arcos, Ltd., and the severing of diplo-
matic relations between England and Russia (resumed again under Ramsay
MacDonald).

Lord Cushendum, aware of the persistent and flagrant violation of Rus-
sia's Trade Agreement to cease revolutionary propaganda in England ques-
tioned Litvinov before the League of Nations, asking him whether his "peace"
proposal of disarmament would include the cessation of Soviet government
fomentation of civil war in all countries. To this Litvinov replied (N. Y.
Herald Tribune, Mar. 23, 1928): "It had never occurred to us and we had
no grounds for believing that the League intended to include under the ques-

II. Pacifism and Its Red Aids 67

tions of disarmament and security the prevention of civil war and the class
struggle. I may say without the slightest hesitation that the Soviet govern-
ment would never have agreed to participate with the British or any other
government here represented in working out questions regarding the class
war or the struggle against revolution. It would be naive to expect such work
from a government which owes its existence to one of the greatest revolutions
in history."

The communist Daily Worker, in a thesis entitled "The Struggle Against
Imperialist War and the Task of the Communists" (Jan. 3, 1929), empha-
sized the point that this Soviet disarmament proposal was in harmony with,
not opposed to, the world revolutionary movement, saying: The aim of the
Soviet proposal is not to spread pacifist illusions, but to destroy them, not
to support capitalism by ignoring or toning down its shady sides but to
propagate the fundamental Marxian postulate that disarmament and the
abolition of war are possible only with the fall of capitalism. The difference
between the methods of combating pacifism employed by the proletariat in
the Soviet Union and those adopted by the working class in capitalist coun-
tries does not mean there is a contradiction between the two; nor does it
follow that Communists in capitalist countries must not make use of the
Soviet Government's declaration on disarmament in carrying on agitation
among the masses. On the contrary the disarmament policy of the Soviet
Government must be utilized for purpose of agitation much more energetically
and to a wider extent than has been done hitherto ... as a means ( 1 ) For
recruiting sympathizers for the Soviet Union — the champion of peace and
socialism ; ( 2 ) For utilizing the results of the Soviet disarmament policy and
its exposure of the imperialists in the effort to eradicate all pacifist illusions
and to carry on propaganda among the masses in support of the only way
toward disarmament and abolition of war, viz., arming of the proletariat,
overthrowing the bourgeoisie and establishing the proletarian dictatorship."
(Emphasis supplied.)

Under the title "What Is True Is True," Izvestia (official Soviet govt.
organ), Mar. 1, 1928, quoted the accusation " 'As for Russia, in reality it
is striving to destroy civilization in all countries of the world and at the same
time proposes disarmament' — From a speech by John Hicks," presenting
below it a poem of reply by Damian Byedny, which, freely translated, was
as follows:

"What is true is true

We admit without hypocrisy

We carry on, and we will carry on agitation,

And we will prevail — rest assured!

In having all the world bury 'civilization'

Which is conceiving — wars!

I do not envy, Mister, your situation,

You have come to a fateful syllogism,

Communism leads to disarmament

Disarmament — to Communism."

When military training was added to the program of the Young Com-
munist League the communist Daily Worker, (Aug. 6, 1928) explained:

68 The Red Network

"Our Leninist position on militarism and war is very clear and certain. We
are NOT against war and against militarism as such. We are against
IMPERIALIST war; we are against BOURGEOIS militarism (i. e. the
militarization of the proletarian and farmer youth to fight in the interests
of the bourgeoisie). But we are in favor of REVOLUTIONARY wars (wars
of oppressed colonial peoples against the imperialist powers, civil wars of
proletarian revolution) ; we are in favor of the military training of the pro-
letarian youth to learn to use arms in the interests of their class and against
the bourgeoisie. 'An oppressed class that does not strive to learn to use
arms . . . deserves to remain in slavery.' — (Lenin.) We are therefore opposed
to pacifism (which opposes, as a matter of principle All war and All military
training) .... Our main task of course is to prevent the young workers who
are being militarized from becoming traitors to their class; it consists in
winning them for the proletarian class struggle and getting them to use their
training for the benefit of the workers and not against their own class . . . and
this attitude is in no contradiction to — on the contrary it clearly falls in
with our bitter and most determined struggle against new imperialist wars
and bourgeois militarism. . . . We realize very well that under present con-
ditions and for the next period of time, the chief way for us to obtain military
instruction is in the military organizations of the bourgeoisie (regular forces,
National Guard, military schools, R. O. T. C., C. M. T. C., etc.) ; of course,
as Comrade Gorki points out (Jugend Internationale, May, 1928) the send-
ing of our comrades into these bourgeois military institutions 'implies no
rejection whatever of the attempt to set up a class organization of the pro-
letariat to provide military training for young workers.' "

The communist Daily Worker editorial of Sept. 30, 1933 was addressed
to the Communist-called U. S. Congress Against War, then in session in
N. Y. City, Earl Browder, nat. sec. of the Communist Party, and Henri Bar-
busse, French Communist who came to America especially for this Congress,
being the headlined speakers to share the platform (according to Daily
Worker, Sept. 28, 1933) with Mrs. Annie Gray, speaking as director of the
Women's Peace Society, Emil Rieve, A. J. Muste, Devere Allen of the World
Tomorrow (War Resisters' organ}, and others; five delegates had been
elected from the Pa. Branch of Jane Addams' W. I. L. P. F. to attend. (Sept.
29, 1933 Daily Worker.)

This editorial said: "The Communist Party urges upon the Congress a
real united front on the basis of a fighting program against war — a revo-
lutionary working class program. . . . Serious systematic work must be under-
taken in every factory, on every dock, on every ship, arousing these workers
against war, exposing every detail of the war preparations for them, setting
up Anti-war committees, hampering and working to prevent the manufacture
and shipment of war material and munitions. . . . Phrase mongering, empty
peace talk — this is not the road. Mass action behind a revolutionary pro-
gram is the road the congress should follow, starting now against the N. R. A.
All the honest elements, all persons and organizations ready to fight can unite
behind such a program."

"The A. B. C. of Communism" (by N. Bukarin and E. Preobrazhensky,
English translation by Eden and Adar Paul, issued by Communist Party of

Socialist Party (and the New Deal) 69

Great Britian) is a standard Communist text book used everywhere in Party
schools. It states on p. 83: "The proletariat is fighting solely on behalf of
the new social order. Whatever helps the struggle is good; whatever hinders,
is bad." . . . "We must promote disintegration in an army which is ranged
against the workers and is at the orders of the bourgeoisie, even though the
latter consists of our fellow countrymen. Failing this the revolution will
succumb ... a revolutionist who destroys the State apparatus of the bourge-
oisie may consider that he is doing excellent service." On p. 129: "To think
that the revolution can take place without civil war is equivalent to thinking
there can be a 'peaceful' revolution."

The formation of Soviet nuclei throughout our armed forces is covered
under "Soviet Organization in the U. S."

The seditious pronouncements of the Socialist Party and the jailing of
numerous Party leaders during the war, the attempts of the Socialist Inde-
pendent Labour Party of England (see "English Red's") to cause revolution,
and present Socialist Party activities, are covered more fully under the title
"Socialist Party (and the New Deal)."

SOCIALIST PARTY (AND THE NEW DEAL)

Because the Socialist Party generally favors the taking over of the gov-
ernment first by legislative means, relying on a throat-cutting revolution
principally as a finishing touch when it becomes necessary, it is called
"yellow" by the Communist Party and "practical" by its followers. Chame-
leon-like, the Socialist agitator colors himself to fit the group he is addressing,
appearing asr a delicate-pink, "Christian" social reformer in Churches, and
as a throat-cutting capitalist-hating revolutionary and a genuine Marxian
atheist in militant labor circles. Since 1912 the Socialist Party has achieved
practically its entire 1912 platform, passing hundreds of socialistic laws and
"stealing" regular party elections by electing Socialists as regular party
candidates, until now in 1933 the entire Socialist Party rejoices at the social-
istic New Deal and radical "Roosevelt Appointees" (see).

Under the heading "Longuet Urges All Socialists to Support N. R. A.,"
the Chicago Daily News, Sept. 15, 1933 reported: "Jean Longuet, French
Socialist leader and grandson of the founder of socialism, Karl Marx, declares
today in the French socialist organ Populaire that socialists everywhere
should approve President Roosevelt's program because it is rapidly trade-
unionizing the United States." Without more extensive unionization than
America has ever had the Reds believe a general strike would be unsuccessful.
Communists, anarchists and I. W. W.'s have always advocated the general
strike as the prelude to revolution. Most revolutions are preceded by the
general strike. The English general strike, altho planned to result in Red
revolution, failed. The Daily News, Sept. 21, 1933 quotes Clarence Senior
just home from the Second Internationale conference in Paris as saying: "For
the first time in its history the Socialist and Labor internationale indorsed
the general strike as a means of thwarting an outbreak of war." (Or turn-
ing war into revolution.)

Norman Thomas writing in the socialist New Leader, Aug. 19, 1933 issue,

70 The Red Network

says: "The Roosevelt program has achieved certain things . . . these things do
not constitute Socialism but State capitalism, although a kind of State
capitalism unquestionably influenced by Socialist influence and agitation. . . .
The great hope of the New Deal is that it may make it a little easier ... to
advance toward a truly Socialist society." Says the Socialist "World Tomor-
row" (Aug. 31, 1933 issue): "When the aims of the Ickes-Perkins-Richberg
forces at the Capital are compared to those of the previous Administration,
the change is indeed breath-taking. Most of the pet nostrums progressives
have advocated throughout the last two decades are now being tried on a
huge* scale at Washington. To consider the formation of a new party at such
a time, a party that seeks to fit in between Rooseveltian liberalism and that
of the Socialist Party of America seems to us the sheer madness. . . . Whatever
the weaknesses of the Socialist Party in the past or in the present, it has
been making gigantic strides in the right direction."

Upton Sinclair, active in both Socialist and Communist organizations,
the press reports, is to run for governor on the 1934 Democratic ticket in
California. Socialist La Guardia was elected as the "fusion" candidate for
Mayor of N. Y.

The Socialist and Communist Parties fight like brothers. Just as the
Communist Party fights Socialist leadership everywhere, but at the same
time cooperates with and works for the same ends as Socialists, so the Com-
munist Party is now bitterly fighting the socialistic New Deal, in which it
considers Socialists are sitting too prettily, and is insisting that the "revo-
lutionary way out of the crisis" is the only way. Each Party accuses the
other of disrupting the Socialist-Communist movement.

Norman Thomas is one of the "militant" members of the National
Executive Committee (N. E. C.) of the Socialist Party who voted in 1933
for an immediate "united front" with the Communist Party, according to
the May, 1933 issue of "The Communist" (p. 428), which states that of the
N. E. C. members Norman Thomas, Albert Sprague Coolidge, Powers Hap-
good, Darlington Hoopes, and Leo M. Krzycki voted for immediate formal
cooperation with the Communist Party, while Morris Hillquit, James D.
Graham, Daniel W. Hoan, Jasper McLevy, John L. Packard and Lilith M.
Wilson, the "old guard," voted to wait for action by the two Internationals.
The vote evidently went by a very close margin, 6 to 5, against immediate
formal cooperation. So, April 17, 1933, Clarence Senior, exec. sec. of the
Socialist Party, sent the following reply to the Communist Party which was
printed in "The Communist" (same issue) : " 'The national executive com-
mittee has voted to comply with the request of the Labor and Socialist
International not to enter into united front negotiations with national sections
of the Communist International until the L. S. I. and the Comintern have
reached an agreement for an international united front.' (quoted in full —
C. A. H.)" (Clarence A. Hathaway.)

The Socialist Party's New Leader, Apr. 8, 1933, stated: "In answer to
a request by a committee of the Communist Party for a so-called 'united
front' against fascism, the Conference stated that it lacked authority from
any of its national and international parent bodies to unite with a party which,
while making gestures in the direction of a united front, has since its incep-

Socialist Party (and the New Deal) 71

tion followed a policy of disuniting and disrupting the laboring elements of
the world. As soon as the Communist Party 'discontinues its policy of
destruction of our united strength, a united front will be possible not only
against fascism but against all the forces of capitalism which are grinding
down the strength of labor.' "

"But Norman Thomas puts the case for the 'militants' most clearly,"
says "The Communist" (May 1933), and reprints Thomas' letter, which was
sent out by the Socialist Party N. E. C., in which Thomas says (the voting
was by mail) : "I am voting Yes on Comrade Krzycki's motion for the ap-
pointment of a sub-committee to discuss with the sub-committee of the Com-
munist Party the question of united front. I cannot too strongly urge the
adoption of this proposal. I have recently been traveling rather extensively
in New England and elsewhere and know that in our own Party and outside
of it we shall suffer very considerable harm if we can be made to appear to
be blocking any kind of united front action. Frankly, I am skeptical whether
the Communists will undertake united action on honorable terms. But for
the sake of our own members, especially our younger people, it must be made
obvious that it is they who sabotage the united front, not we who disdain-
fully reject it," etc. "The Communist" adds that the united front proposal
"requires more than here and there a joint meeting or now and then a joint
conference." Socialists and Communists have had these all along.

Though jealous of each other, Socialists and Communists since their
division in 1919 have worked together, intermingled, and quarreled like a
family. When they split in 1919, Morris Hillquit, the "conservative" N. E. C.
member, always a Socialist Party executive, said (New York Call, Sept. 22,
1919, also Lusk Report): "Our newly baptised 'Communists' have not
ceased to be Socialists even though in a moment of destructive enthusiasm
they have chosen to discard the name which stands for so much in the his-
tory of the modern world . . . they have not deserted to the enemy. The bulk
of the following is still good Socialist material and when the hour of the real
Socialist fight strikes in this country we may find them again in our ranks."

In a letter appearing in the New York Call, May 21, 1919 (also Lusk
Report, pp. 524-30), headed the "Socialist Task and Outlook," Hillquit
referred to the Socialist-Communist impending split and said: "Let them
separate honestly, freely and without rancor. Let each side organize and
work its own way, and make such contribution to the Socialist movement in
America as it can. Better a hundred times to have two numerically small
Socialist organizations, each homogeneous and harmonious within itself, than
to have one big party torn by dissensions and squabbles, an impotent colossus
on feet of clay. The time for action is near. Clear the decks."

When five Socialist members of the N. Y. State Legislature were expelled
on the ground that the Socialist Party was not an American political party
but a revolutionary organization, the 1920 Socialist Party national convention
issued a report which "modified the relations with the Third Internationale
of Moscow so as to permit association with that institution while giving to
the Socialist Party in America the opportunity to carry out its campaign in
this country by parliamentary methods" (Lusk Report p. 1780).

Benj. Glassberg, a leading socialist Rand School instructor, in a letter

72 The Red Network

published in the N. Y. Call, July 26, 1920, commented on this Socialist Party
report and "modification'' saying in part: "It has 'Albany' written all over
it. It was framed, ostensibly, to meet the objections which were raised by
Sweet against the Socialist Party so that the next delegation of Assemblymen
will not be unseated. It is intended to paint the Socialist Party as a nice,
respectable, goody-goody affair, rather than a revolutionary organization
whose one aim is to overthrow a dying social order and replace it with a
Cooperative Commonwealth."

Morris Hillquit, speaking as a Socialist Party leader Sept. 25, 1920 (Lusk
Report p. 1789), said of this supposed "change": "We have never at any
time changed our creed. Never certainly to make ourselves acceptable to
any capitalist crowd. ... As international Socialists we are revolutionary, and
let it be clearly understood that we are out to overthrow the entire capitalist
system."

Eugene V. Debs, while in prison for seditious activities, was nominated
as the Socialist Party candidate for President of the U. S. A. The Socialist
Party bulletin for June 1, 1920 contained the official report of Debs' speech
of acceptance upon notification of his nomination in which he said: "Before
serving time here, I made a series of addresses, supporting the Russian Revo-
lution which I consider the greatest single achievement in all history. I still
am a Bolshevik. I am fighting for the same thing here that they are fighting
for there. I regret that the Convention did not see its way clear to affiliate
with the Third International without qualification."

While the 1920 National Convention report (before referred to) "soft
pedaled" its revolutionary program for expediency's sake saying it was
opposed to the "Dictatorship of the Proletariat in the form of Soviet," it at
the same time passed a resolution reading as follows: "Resolved, That this
convention favor the election of representatives to all legislative bodies by
industries as well as by geographical units," which is an endorsement of the
Soviet form of government, which is "based upon territorial units and repre-
sentation through industries" (Lusk Report).

Press reports of the Socialist International congress held at Paris, France,
Aug., 1933, stated that Maynard C. Krueger advocated the arming of the
proletariat for violent revolution and that the American delegation was the
most militant of those present. Aug. 21, 1933, the Chicago Tribune reported:
"Comrade Levinson of the executive body will tell the congress how the new
deal is going to lead to Socialism in America."

Russia is honored as the first Socialist country. Its name is now the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics (U. S. S. R.) It is held up as the example of
Socialism in action. Leaders of both Communist and Socialist Parties state
that their principles and aims are identical but that they differ as to choice
of leadership and tactics.

The Socialist Party of America is not an American political party in the
sense that the Democratic and Republican Parties are. Its control lies not
solely with Americans but also with alien members in America as well as
abroad. The opening statement in the Constitution of the Socialist Party
(also Lusk Report, p. 563) says: "The Socialist Party of the U. S. is the
political expression of the interests of the workers in this country and is part

Socialist: Party (and the New Deal) 73

of an international working class movement. . . . The workers must wrest the
control of the government from the hands of the masters and use its powers
in the upbuilding of the new social order — the cooperative commonwealth. . . .
To accomplish this aim it is necessary that the working class be powerfully
and solidly organized also in the economic field to struggle for the same
Revolutionary goal."

The Preamble to the Socialist Party Constitution adopted in 1919 says:
"The Socialist party seeks to organize the working class for independent
action on the political field not merely for the betterment of their condition,
but also and above all with the revolutionary aim of putting an end to the
exploitation or class rule."

When the U. S. declared war, the Socialist Party convention at St. Louis,
April 7-14, 1917, adopted a lengthy disloyal resolution favoring seditious
activities, saying: "The Socialist Party of the U. S. in the present grave
crisis solemnly declares its allegiance to the principles of internationalism
and working class solidarity the world over, and proclaims its unalterable

opposition to the war just declared by the government of the United States

As against the false doctrine of national patriotism, we uphold the idea of
international working class solidarity. We brand the declaration of war by
our government as a crime." (The U. S. Govt. was finally forced to jail
many Socialists whose seditious activities were camouflaged as "peace" work.)
"The acute situation created by the war calls for an even more vigorous
prosecution of the class struggle and we recommend to the workers and pledge
ourselves to the following course of action: Continuous and active public
opposition to the war through demonstrations, mass petitions and all other
means in our power. Unyielding opposition to all proposed legislation for
military or industrial conscription. . . . Vigorous resistance to all reactional
measures such as censorship Oif the press and mails, restriction of the right
of free speech, assemblage and organization, or compulsory arbitration and
limitation of the right to strike. Consistent propaganda against military train-
ing and militaristic teaching in the public schools. . . . We recommend the
National Executive Committee extend and improve propaganda among
women." One delegate is reported to have said "If I knew we could sway
the boys when they got guns to use them against the capitalist class I would
be for universal training."

The 1932 Socialist Party election platform similarly called for total dis-
armament of the United States, no deportation or barring of alien Reds, free
speech, free press, and "civil liberties" (for revolutionaries), recognition of
militant bloody Soviet Russia, etc.

The New York Call, June 28, 1921, printed the following Resolution,
passed by the Socialist Party, which was offered by Morris Hillquit: "Re-
solved that the incoming national executive committee be instructed to make
a careful survey of all radical and labor organizations in the country with
the view of ascertaining their strengths, disposition and readiness to coop-
erate with the Socialist Movement upon a platform not inconsistent with that
of the party, and on a plan which will preserve the integrity and autonomy
of the Socialist Party." This was headed "Text of Hillquit Resolution that
Ends Isolation of Socialist Party." With this, the "boring from within" other

74 The Red Network

parties began in earnest. (See under Internationals; also August Claessens,
Victor Berger, Debs, etc.)

Socialist Party National Hdqts., 549 Randolph St., Chicago.

THE NEW DEAL AND ROOSEVELT APPOINTEES

(See page 256 for facsimile of letter.)

The average brainy American business man, whose capable concentrated
efforts have raised the American standard of living to a preeminent place in
the world's history, feels that he is too busy running his own business to
bother with politics. He wants " George" to do it and a Red "George" has
been working to do "it" and do him out of his business for a long time.

Only, perhaps, when Red George and his political cronies step in to com-
pletely run his business for him will he awaken to find time to attend to
politics.

Mr. Successful American bountifully endows Colleges teaching Socialism
and supports ministers teaching Socialism, but objects to voting for a "crack-
brained radical" on the Socialist ticket, as the radicals know. So they arrange
matters so that he votes for the "crack-brained" Socialist on a conservative
ticket. The Conference for Progressive Political Action (see) since 1922 has
been successfully boring from within to "steal" elections for radical candi-
dates. They are organizing more energetic and deceptive programs for future
elections right now.

Americans who are alarmed at the present Socialist administration,
labeled as "Democratic," may easily turn out "Democrats" and vote in
Republicans at the next election, but how many of the elected "Republican"
officials will be radicals of the same stripe?

Many of the radicals now making this Democratic administration a Social-
ist one only left the Republican Party during the last campaign at the invita-
tion of Mr. Roosevelt, their kindred soul. While the radicals have a keenly
organized, well planned program, American conservatives have practically
none. If they wait until election day, they may find themselves in the pre-
dicament of having a choice between Tweedle-Dum and Tweedle-Dee,
between Socialists, Communists, Democratic-Socialists, or Republican-Social-
ists, because the radicals are also active within both conservative parties and
"practical", short-sighted politicians seem to believe that by compromising
with them and pampering them they are increasing the Party's hopes of
success. "Marx versus Washington" will be the real issue in the next election,
and this issue transcends former partisanship. If the fight were clear-cut,
Americanism would win with the people hands down, but a fight with radicals
is a fight with snipers. They do not fly their true colors willingly.

The only propaganda now dinned into an American's ears is that, because
of "emergency," or "collapse of capitalism," he must either accept Socialistic
measures or have Communist dictatorship thrust upon him. (This is Socialist
propaganda.) Why does almost no one propagandize a return to Wash-
ingtonian principles which built this country's greatness? Bureaucracy and
the load of governmental taxation have been steadily increasing of late years
under Socialist manipulation, until under depressed trade conditions business
came nearly to a standstill. Now, inside of a few months, more billions in

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 75

taxation have been heaped upon American taxpayers than our share of the
cost of the World War. How many years will it take to pay off the present
load of indebtedness which this administration has only started to incur?
During this process the American taxpayer is apt to lose his property as the
Socialists intend that he shall. Between forfeited loans and heavy taxation,
it is hoped to confiscate farms, homes, banks and utilities by legal means.

As Communist V. F. Calverton says in "Recovery Through Revolution"
(see) : . . . "what with the state practically supporting and subsidizing the
industrial and financial set-up of the nation by means of monies afforded
by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in time, if such subsidies con-
tinue, and the railroads and industries which have accepted them cannot
meet the obligations that they necessitate, there will be no other recourse
than for the State to take them over." (Our "peaceful revolution.")

Wm. E. Sweet, whom the Conference for Progressive Political Action
claimed credit for electing Governor of Colorado (See "Who's Who"), is
one of Pres. Roosevelt's radical appointees in the Public Relations Division
of the N. R. A. He was very prompt in having published in the Daily News,
Oct. 30, 1933, his protest against a "white" Daily News editorial of Oct. 26.
His was a lengthy letter sent from Washington, D. C., in which he said:
"The editorial 'Back to the Constitution' printed on the front page of the
Daily News, Oct. 26, would be highly important if it voiced the sentiments
of any considerable inarticulate body of citizens as the Daily News seems
to think it does. . . . Has the time come in America when a man may not do
as he pleases with his oil? It has. But this is clearly unconstitutional. . . .
The Constitution was based on security and privilege for the owners of
property, but this is no reason for confusing it with holy writ. ... If these
revolutionary changes in our economic system work out satisfactorily, they
will be found to be constitutional. . . . When former Pres. Hoover made his
concluding speech in Madison Square Garden he said: 'This campaign is
more than a contest between two parties, it is more than a contest between
two men, it is a contest between two fundamentally different theories of
government.' Mr. Hoover rightly appraised the issues of the campaign. The
people have placed their seal of approval for the present on the theory of
government advanced by Franklin D. Roosevelt and they are following his
leadership with loud acclaim. As yet there is no sign of any diminution in
his popularity." (?)

"The radicals you complain of have been chosen by the President. He
may not agree with all their theories but he would rather have their counsel,
noise and all, than that of the traditionalists, 'money changers,' and reaction-
aries who surrounded and dominated his predecessor. Wm. E. Sweet, Wash-
ington, D. C."

Senator Warren R. Austin of Vermont said, (Sept. 18, 1933, Chgo. Amer-
ican) : "Only one step further need be taken to destroy the Constitution and
overthrow the government, namely, to remold the judiciary." And Senator
Henry D. Hatfield of W. Va. declared, (Chgo. Tribune, Oct. 20, 1933):
"President Roosevelt's executive order threatening N. R. A. violators with
$500 fines and six months' imprisonment means that economic serfdom has
become a grim reality in the United States."

76 The Red Network

The attitude of radicals with regard to the recent U. S. Supreme Court
decision in the Minnesota mortgage moratorium case is clearly indicated in
the following excerpts from the January 18, 1934 "World Tomorrow":

"TOWARD PACIFIC REVOLUTION

"The five-to-four decision of the Supreme Court of the United States
in the Minnesota mortgage moratorium case enormously increases the
possibility of revolution in this country without another civil war. If
the principles enunciated therein are incorporated in forthcoming decisions,
the NRA, the AAA and other aspects of the New Deal are likely to be
upheld. In this event the creditor and property-owning class will lose
billions and billions of dollars. The validation of recent state and national
legislation by the Supreme Court will result in the redistribution of wealth
on an almost unimaginably colossal scale.

"The law under review authorized owners, when about to lose their
property through foreclosure, to apply in court for a two-year extension
of time in which to redeem their holdings. The invalidating decree of the
district court was reversed by the Minnesota Supreme Court, and the
latter 's decision was upheld at Washington." (Chief Justice Hughes and
Justices Brandeis, Cardozo, Roberts, and Stone [radicals, three of whom
were appointed by Pres. Hoover], against Justices Butler, McReynolds,
Sutherland, and Van Devanter [Constitutionalists] ).

"Pacifists who are struggling for radical changes in the present social
order have reason to be encouraged by the Court's decision in the Minne-
sota case. Once more it has been demonstrated that the Supreme Court
tends to follow public opinion. Progress has often been slowed down,
but the highest tribunal of the land is not likely to become a permanent
barrier to revolutionary change. As a last resort its powers may be shorn
or its decision changed by increasing the size of the Court and the appoint-
ment of new Justices who are in sympathy with radical legislation."
This last brazenly gives voice to a radical threat that has been propa-
gandized under cover ever since Pres. Roosevelt took office and has reference
to the emergency power which the President has of increasing the number
of Supreme Court Justices. For example, it is alleged that in case of any
adverse decision, say 5 to 4, against any phase of the "New Deal," the Presi-
dent will appoint two more radicals (possibly Felix Frankfurter and Donald
Richberg, or at least men of their persuasion) to the Supreme Bench, insur-
ing a reversal or favorable decision of 6 to 5, in favor of the proposition
when it again comes up for action.

In passing, it should be noted that Pres. Roosevelt's "first assistant,"
Secy. Ickes, served on the National Campaign Executive Committee when
Chief Justice Hughes ran for President in 1916.

Norman Thomas in "Student Outlook" for Nov., 1933 (p. 5) proceeds
to tell how N. R. A. must be turned into permanent Socialism. He says:
"Only social ownership of natural resources and the great means of produc-
tion and distribution, their management according to plan for the use of
the great company of people and not for the profit of any" (true enough)

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 77

"can fulfill the promise of N. R. A. . . . The codes must not only be improved
but correlated under a general economic plan.

"We can scarcely have experts plan for us unless we own the things
which are vital to this plan. We must acquire rapidly our banking system,
our coal, oil, electric power and railroads. Speedily we must add other nat-
ural resources and basic industries and utilities. We should socialize market-
ing machinery of what farmers buy and sell. The milk situation, for instance,
cannot be solved without socially owned milk distributing companies in place
of the present trusts. Taxation of incomes and inheritances in a transitional
period should meet most costs of government, though the land values tax
can and should be used to end private landlordism. A capital levy must be
employed to help reduce debt, care for the unemployed, and facilitate the
transfer of the industries to be socialized. In general, under present con-
ditions, compensation for socialized industries — usually in notes or bonds
of these industries — plus such taxation as I have outlined is likely to prove
more equitable and practicable than piecemeal confiscation. For the imme-
diate present we need a far bolder plan of unemployment relief and public
works, including housing. Such a program plus social insurance will aid not
only in terms of social justice but in economic recovery by its help in redis-
tributing national income a little more equitably.

"No program can be carried out merely by wishing. It requires effective
organization. . . . The party which represents the workers is still to be built.
It is that party which the Socialist Party wishes to help to create or become.
There is an unfortunate tendency among radicals to spend in their own dis-
cussions more time on an attempt to prophesy the degree of violence which
will bring about a desirable social revolution than on working on a dynamic
organization without which ballots or bullets are equally futile."

This, then, is the Red program for confiscating private property and
American liberty "under present conditions" and under the flag of patriotism.
Later on — well that is still another story.

It is significant that Socialist Basil Manly (See "Who's Who"), long a
noisy voice for public ownership of Muscle Shoals and kindred projects, who
in 1927, announced (See People's Legislative Service) that proper strategy in
the 1928 elections would secure radicals a real voice in the choice of President
in 1932, is now Pres. Roosevelt's appointee as chairman of the Federal Power
Commission, in charge of these very projects, now threatening extermination
of the privately-owned competing power industries and saddling taxpayers
with the extravagant expense of political ownership.

Roosevelt, in his Detroit campaign speech, frankly told the American
people he was as "radical as the Federal Council of Churches" (see), which
meant a great deal more than the average person realized.

John Boettiger, Washington correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, Oct.
1, 1933, wrote: "One recovery policy seems to reduce while another pro-
motes larger production. Millions are spent to take farm lands out of
production. Millions are spent to put farm lands into production. Food and
cotton are destroyed, while many people hunger and go ill-clothed. Prices
are sky-rocketed and people are told to buy more. Water power is planned
to take the place of steam while thousands of coal miners are jobless. Water-

78 The Red Network

ways are projected while the railroads go bankrupt and thousands of rail
workers go jobless. . . . For all this the tax payers bear the brunt at both ends,
paying processing taxes to pay the farmers for destroying produce; paying
for the dole to feed the hungry ; paying for power plants whether their com-
munities benefit or not; paying more and more taxes to support the ever
growing bureaucracy, which invokes all the schemes at Washington.

"These paradoxes and many others are held inevitable in a government
which almost overnight has essayed to control farming, industry, finance and
transportation, which is starting to spend three billions of public moneys
for a thousand and one widely diversified projects, most of which are leading
the government into endeavors to paternalism, government-in-business and
socialism.

"In a single year the consuming Americans must pay additional taxes
aggregating approximately $364,500,000 for farm products. That money is
to be paid to farmers in return for their agreement to curtail wheat acreages,
plow-up cotton, send pigs and sows to slaughter, cut production of tobacco,
butter, and cheese, to raise prices paid to farmers who are accused of increas-
ing productively to get the federal funds.

"Reclamation to make more arable land, and power projects for more
electrical power than required, thus far approved by Secretary Ickes call
for the expenditure of $166,000,000 . . . will compete with steam produced
power for the cities of the northwest, and will drive more nails into the
coffin of feeble old King Coal.

"The Tennessee valley authority dream of Pres. Roosevelt and Sen.
George Norris of Nebraska with $50,000,000 to spend this year, is a com-
bination of these described paradoxes, bringing new lands into cultivation,
creating new water power where there is insufficient demand for what is
available." This, of course, will tend to force privately-owned utilities into
ruin by governmental competition and thus into political ownership.

The Chicago Tribune of- Sept. 16, 1933 says: "In the rate structure
announced by David E. Lilienthal, director of the Tennessee experiment in
charge of power, there is no provision for repaying to the federal treasury a
net loss of $43,590,619 which the hydro-electric power plant at Muscle
Shoals already has cost the tax payer. Besides waiving past expenditures as
money already 'gone over the dam,' Director Lilienthal has computed his
rates which undersell existing commercial companies by 75 percent on a
quasi-socialistic basis ... by disregarding the original investment, making
no provision for profits, avoiding taxes and computing interest at the low
rate available to the government, the Muscle Shoals officials have given
themselves a 75 percent advantage in rates over commercial companies. . . .
These rate schedules . . . are being held up as models to commercial com-
panies which have to meet all these costs."

Radical "Unity" of Abraham Lincoln Center, Chicago, says (Sept. 4,
1933) : "One has only to scan the newspapers these days to comprehend the
stupendous magnitude of what is going forward in this country. . . . No such
vast undertaking of industrial planning has ever been attempted in the world
outside of Russia. ... It also means that success can only lead to new and
final disaster, unless the administration sweeps straight on into Socialism."

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 7£

The subject of Curtis Reese's lecture for Jan. 7, 1934 was "Why Social
Radicals Should Support the New Deal" (see "Who's Who").

The communist Daily Worker, Oct. 6, 1933, under the heading "A
Socialist Invitation," said: "Yesterday Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of
the United States, was invited to join the Socialist Party. . . . Over ten thou-
sand New York workers heard Abraham Cahan, one of the oldest leaders of
the Socialist Party, and editor of the Socialist paper, the ' Forward/ invite him
in. Here are his actual words set down for every worker to see: 'The NRA
has been handled in a democratic way, and the President has earned the
gratitude of every thinking man in the country ... on the basis of his work
so far he really should be a Socialist.' On one side of Cahan sat Norman
Thomas. On the other sat the Tammany Police Chief. . . . This was the set-
ting for the invitation to Roosevelt to join the party of Eugene Victor Debs.
Thomas seconded the invitation — with the typical Thomas reservations.
Thus the Thomas 'left-wing' and the Hillquit-Cahan 'right-wing' of the
Socialist Party joined hands. . . . Cahan's invitation is only the logical cul-
mination of the congratulatory visit that Thomas and Hillquit paid Roose-
velt at the White House in April. The Socialist leaders have looked
Roosevelt over. And they find him good. . . Cahan sees in Roosevelt a fellow-
socialist. He is right. They are both socialists — of the same calibre. Of the
calibre of Hindenburg, the fascist butcher." (Pres. Roosevelt sent his
condolences to Mrs. Morris Hillquit when Hillquit died recently.)

This last is typical of the insults Communists and Socialists hurl at each
other. No insult could be more far fetched than the epithet of "fascist" or
anti-Red applied to Socialists, whose leaders serve on the selfsame anti-
fascist committees with Communists; but it conveys the intended meaning
that the Socialism of Socialists is a farce, that only the Socialism of the
Communist Party is the "pure goods".

Why this continual horse play between Red parties with identical prin-
ciples and objectives? Were it entirely due to bitter Party rivalry and jeal-
ousy the Party leaders would not be on the close friendly terms that they
are. The Garland Fund illustrates their chummy interlocking cooperation.
The "hymn of hate" publicity policy is undoubtedly mutually understood.
It helps to keep the rank and file members in separate camps, gives the dis-
gruntled Red another place to go to help the movement, spurs members on
to rivalry, confuses and ensnares some of the bourgeoisie into believing
Socialism different from Communism, and enables the Parties, like two flanks
of an army, to carry on separate, even apparently hostile, coordinated Red
movements — one penetrating, the other agitating.

While the Socialist Party in a practical, gentlemanly manner has bored
from within and secured governmental power and now guides NRA as far
toward complete Socialism as the leash of legalism will stretch, sanctions de-
stroying food and confiscating property, has forced upon the A. F. of L. its
former enemy, the pro-Soviet Amalgamated Clothing Workers unions, and is
aiding the A. F. of L. to unionize America in the expectation of using the
enlarged organization as an instrument for the general strike as suggested by
the Second International Conference at Paris 1933, the Communist Party has
adopted the definite program of utilizing the deepening discontent NRA is

80 The Red Network

creating, and is agitating rabid hatred against the NRA "slave regime,"
and, with hundreds of violent strikes to its credit already within the past
few months, hopes with increasing strikes to finally bring on a psychological
moment of chaos and despair, in which that taut leash of legalism may be
broken by a united front General Strike culminating in Red seizure of power.
Then would Socialists and Communists hold this power together, and with
violence. For, as Socialist Norman Thomas says in "Why I am a Socialist"
(p. 11): "Socialists are not non-resistants. We want to minimize violence
and place the onus of it when it comes where it belongs: On an owning class
that will not give up while it can hypnotize anyone to fight in its behalf."

Concerning the "General Strike" (the I. W. W. specialty), the Com-
munist International, May 25, 1928, stated: "The task of the party (Com-
munist) is to lead the working class into the revolutionary struggle for
power. When the revolutionary tide is flowing, when the dominant classes
are disorganized . . . and the masses are prepared for action and for sacrifice,
the task of the party is to lead the masses into the direct attack upon the
bourgeois state. This is to be achieved by propaganda in favor of all tran-
sition slogans ... to which all other branches of party work must be subordi-
nated. This includes strikes, strikes combined with demonstration, the com-
bination of armed demonstrations and strikes, and finally the General Strike
conjointly with the armed uprising against the political party of the bourge-
oisie. This struggle must be subjected to the rules of military art; it must
be conducted according to a plan of war and in the form of a military offen-
sive. . . . Communists do not think it necessary to conceal their views and aims.
They openly declare that their goal can be achieved only by the violent over-
throw of the whole of the present social system." Both the Russian and the
Cuban Red revolutions were preceded by a "General Strike".

In the communist Daily Worker, Oct. 21, 1933, appears the headline
"Roosevelt Invites Soviet Envoy, U. S. S. R. Decides to Send Litvinov," and
an editorial saying: "The chief conflict in the present-day world is between
the system of advancing Socialism and of decaying world capitalism. . . . The
United States is now forced to step aside from its traditional policy of non-
recognition and undertake diplomatic negotiations with the workers' father-
land. . . . The Roosevelt regime now grasps for this market." Other captions
are typical of Communist opposition to NRA and include: "New Revolt
Looms As Miners Sense Deception of NRA"; "NRA Cuts Wages at Sheffield
Steel Mills"; "Farms Rise in Strike Against NRA"— this last over the gloat-
ing announcement that "Government officials are unable to conceal their
alarm at the unusual depth and prevalence of the farmers' bitterness against
the Roosevelt regime"; and announcement that the next convention of the
National Farmers Committee of Action would take place under Communist
auspices Nov. 15-18 in Chicago (to stir up further strikes).

Page 4 (same issue) is entirely devoted to the speech of the Communist
Party general secretary, Earl Browder, before the Central Committee of the
C. P. U. S. A., in which he said: "We point out the increased and more effec-
tive participation in strikes" (against NRA) ; and, after covering the com-
munist Anti-War Congresses and other Party activities, he terminated with

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 81.

this advice: "An essential part of the whole propaganda of the revolutionary
solution of the crisis, the proletarian dictatorship, is the example of the suc-
cessful revolution and building of socialism in the Soviet Union. ... A large
number of our leading comrades in many districts who think they can get a
larger number of workers to join the Party by talking to them only about
the immediate demands, and who soft-pedal the ultimate program of our
Party in order to be popular, are making a big mistake. Precisely this line
is what keeps workers out of the Party, because it doesn't give them the
essential reason why the Party is necessary and why they must join ... it is
essential to bring forward the revolutionary program, the revolutionary
character of our Party, to propagandize the revolutionary way out of the
crisis, the problem of seizure of power, the problem of building socialism in
America as a problem of the next future of the United States."

An article in the Daily Worker of Sept. 30, 1933 by Joseph Stalin, head
of the Soviet government, of the Communist Party of U. S. S. R., and of
the Third International, is entitled "The Peace Policy of the U. S. S. R." He
states: "Our policy is a policy of peace and strengthening of trade relations
with all countries" and refers to the U. S. S. R. as the "citadel of the revo-
lution". Then in the adjoining column is this quotation from Lenin:

" 'We do not only live in one State but in a system of States, and the
existence of the Soviet Republic side by side with the imperialist States is
inconceivable jor any considerable length of time. Eventually, one or the
other must win' " (Emphasis in original), with the following comment: "The
Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist International, under
the leadership of Comrade Stalin, have worked untiringly for the realization
of this bequest. To win over the workers and peasants of the imperialist
powers, ... to obtain the sympathy of the petty-bourgeoisie and the intellec-
tual middle class, to utilize the imperialist antagonisms in the interest of
Socialist construction and the extension of peace, of the breathing space —
this has been, and still is, the meaning of the policy of the Soviet Union . . .
because the peace policy of the Soviet Union was linked up with the
realization of the First Five Year Plan, and the beginning of the realization
and carrying out of the Second Five Year Plan."

The "breathing space" is the Communist term for Russia's present period
of preparation. Propaganda abroad and industrialization in the U. S. S. R.
must both be supported in order that the Red Army's millions, now train-
ing, may be supported when they step forth to fulfill their promise to the
"Workers of the World" to aid them in overthrowing such capitalist govern-
ments as have not by that time already been overthrown by means of revo-
lutions inspired by Red propaganda. Communists everywhere confidently
hope that if sufficient credits can be secured from capitalist governments —
particularly from rich Uncle Sam — to aid in this preparation, that the end
of the Second Five Year Plan will find Russia able to support its Red Army
in the field.

"Long live the American proletariat! Long live the Communist Inter-
national, the general staff of the World Proletarian Revolution," says the
Daily Worker in the column adjoining Stalin's article, while Rooseveltian

82 The Red Network

supporters are now flooding the press with the statement that Stalin now
ignores the Third International which he heads, and the embargo against
slave-made Soviet products (1934) has been lifted!

Communist leaders long ago said that capitalists would commit suicide
for the sake of temporary profits (on paper). American patriotic societies,
I know, have flooded Pres. Roosevelt with information concerning the one-
ness of the Soviet Government and Third International which spreads sedition
in the U. S. A. for the purpose of overthrowing this government and setting"
up a Socialist Soviet one. The U. S. S. R. has "cried" for recognition, as a
baby cries for a bottle. It needs credits for industrialization and the sub-
sidization of world revolutionary propaganda. It wants above all else this
freedom in America, world prestige, and money to strengthen itself for our
assassination, all of which recognition will give.

Then why does Pres. Roosevelt, against all precedent, in effect say "Nice
kitty!" to this man-eating tiger which would devour America's government
and invite him over to feed and roam in America? Is he stupid, blind, badly-
informed and played-upon by radicals, or well-informed and deliberately
playing the Red game as socialist Ramsay MacDonald and every other clever
socialist statesman plays it?

The Literary Digest, Nov. 4, 1933, quotes the editor of "L'Echo de Paris"
as stating: " 'Doubtless Roosevelt was influenced by members of the "brain
trust" and by intellectual snobs who believe that Communism would be a
diverting experiment.' " It must be assuring to our capitalistic Reds to read
that Litvinov, the proletarians' spokesman, sailed for America occupying the
Royal Suite on the Berengaria.

Concerning Soviet Recognition, the Chicago Daily News, Oct. 24, 1933
(Paul Mallon), says: "The real inside negotiations were handled by Wm. C.
Bullitt, special assistant to Hull. He is the man who made a secret trip to
Europe last spring. . . . Bullitt's real mission was to sound out European
governments as to how they were getting along with the Reds. His report
was favorable." It would be, as Pres. Roosevelt must have known.

Bullitt, Roosevelt appointee as special adviser of the State Department,
and now as Ambassador to the U. S. S. R., was, until recently, married to
Louise Bryant Reed, widow of John Reed, a founder of the American Com-
munist Party. Louise Bryant and Lincoln Steffens of the Anarchist-Com-
munist group sent a joint telegram, quoted in the Lusk Report, asking Lenin
and Trotsky to appoint a man in America with whom they could cooperate
in aiding the Russian revolution. After this, Bullitt and Lincoln Steffens
went over on a confidential mission to Russia. To quote magazine "Time"
of May 1, 1933: "Wm. C. Bullitt went to Sweden on Henry Ford's Peace
Ship in 1915. . . . In Feb., 1919, Diplomat Bullitt, with Journalist Lincoln
Steffens, was entrusted with a confidential mission to Russia to make peace
terms with the Soviet. . . . Mr. Bullitt spent a week in Moscow and came to
terms with Dictator Lenin. On his return to Paris his peace proposal, involv-
ing recognition of the Bolshevist regime was suddenly tossed into the waste
basket by Messrs. Wilson and Lloyd George. ... He impulsively resigned from
the Peace Commission after Pres. Wilson refused to give him an audience.
An admirer of Lenin, he predicted that the Reds would oversweep all Europe.

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees

. . . Mr. Lloyd George referred to 'a journey some boys were reported to have
made to Russia' and flayed the Bullitt report as a tissue of lies. After a Paris
divorce in 1923 Bullitt married Anne Moen Louise Bryant Reed, widow of
Red John Reed of Greenwich village who went to Russia and today lies
buried in the Kremlin wall."

Paul Mallon states in the Daily News of Sept. 13, 1933: "The Com-
munists used to have no shoulder on which to weep in Washington. They
have one now. It's Louis Howe's." (Roosevelt's secretary.) "A Washing-
ton detective tried to cross-question several well-known Reds a few days ago.
'We don't want to talk to you' they said. 'We are going to see Howe.' — They
got in. Howe is also credited with the appointment of two former leaders
of the bonus army to the department of justice. What they do is not gen-
erally known in the department, but they are on the payroll." The bonus
army was Communist-led. Einstein, barred as a Communist from Germany,
in Jan., 1934 was an over night guest of the President at the White House.

Under the heading "An Alarming Appointment," Francis Ralston Welsh
reports: "In 'Science' for Sept. 6, 1933 is the following notice: 'Prof. Vladi-
mir Karapetoff, of the department of electrical engineering of Cornell Uni-
versity, has been appointed Lieutenant Commander in the Naval Reserve
and has been assigned to the Volunteer Naval Reserve for engineering
duties.' " Karapetoff is and has been vice president of the League for Indus-
trial Democracy, the left-wing Socialist organization spreading Socialist and
Communist propaganda in schools and colleges. To quote Mr. Welsh:
"Appointee Karapetoff should be kept under closest scrutiny."

Under the heading "A Shameless Appointment," Mr. Welsh reports the
appointment of Frederic Clemson Howe as chairman of the Consumers' Board
of AAA. When Mr. Welsh brought about an investigation of Howe's activities
when Howe was Commissioner of Immigration at the Port of New York,
Howe resigned, but the Congressional investigation brought out letters show-
ing Howe's close connection with Emma Goldman, Eliz. Gurley Flynn and
other Anarchists and Communists and his aid to their cause. "Byron H. Uhl
testified that he had issued orders to the Ellis Island officials to stop the
circulation of radical literature among inmates of Ellis Island, but that this
order was held up under Howe's regime and the circulating of I. W. W. and
Anarchist literature permitted. Howe was shown also to have held up depor-
tation proceedings against the Reds brought to Ellis Island and that various
Reds were released without giving bail and permitted to travel about the
country continuing their Anarchist and Communist work. The proceedings
of the committee were reported at the time in the 'New York Times'. Just
before Howe resigned as Commissioner, information came to me that he
had been tipped off that there would be a Congressional investigation. This
information came from inside the Berkman anarchist gang. From whence
they got it is not disclosed." (Welsh) (See also "Who's Who").

"Miss" Perkins, who is the mother of Mr. Paul Wilson's daughter, follows
the custom popular with Red married ladies who refuse to acknowledge the
"private ownership" of marriage and show that they "wear no man's collar"
by refusing to use a husband's name. The cry of the Socialists and Com-
munists had long been "Down with Deportation Doak". Secy. Doak utilized

84 The Red Network

the machinery of the Department of Labor to deport and bar certain notorious
Red alien agitators. "Miss" Perkins, his successor as Roosevelt's Secretary
of Labor, ended this activity at once. Tom Mann, notorious English Red
agitator, jailed in England, barred from Ireland, and previously absolutely
barred from the United States, recently (1933) preached sedition and Red
revolution in the United States, with his temporary visa extended, due to the
new policy. Henri Barbusse, Communist agitator, has lectured in many
American cities advocating Red revolution, and Frank Borich, vicious Com-
munist agitator slated for deportation, has been turned loose to create vio-
lence and disorder.

Yet, because the smokescreen must ever be kept before the public, the
Daily Worker of Oct. 5, 1933 actually "razzes" Secy. Perkins; to quote:
"The lady, Miss Perkins, whom the wily Roosevelt chose as the liberal
window-dressing for his cabinet" . . . "claims to have 'liberalized' the immi-
gration regulations regarding the admittance of foreign visitors to the United
States. The hypocrisy of her claims can find no better proof than the delay
in granting Tom Mann's visa. . . . Mann's visa was not granted by the
American Consul in London until too late for him to attend the U. S. Con-
gress Against War"; and again, slightingly, the Daily Worker of Oct. 18,
1933 refers to "Miss" Perkins as a former member of the Socialist Party.
She was an executive and fellow worker with Mrs. Roosevelt in the New York
National Consumers League.

Of the Blue Eagle, which Senator Schall (Minn.) calls "the Soviet Duck,"
P. H. Hatch, writing in the Literary Digest of Nov. 4, 1933 asks: "I would
very much like to know why the Soviet eagle is selected, that bears electricity
in its talons, and is placed here, there and everywhere, instead of our Amer-
ican eagle, carrying an olive branch, and which is shown on the obverse side
of the great seal of the United States?"

The Daily Worker, Sept. 8, 1933, found it necessary to take Communist
Theodore Dreiser to task for not following the Party line of attack on NRA,
saying: "Theodore Dreiser has come out with a statement of his conversion
to NRA on the grounds that the New Deal comes to us direct from Moscow."

Rexford Guy Tugwell (see "Who's Who"), whose radical speech on doing
away with private business entirely is quoted under "National Religion and
Labor Foundation," said in Chicago, Oct. 29, 1933: "We are passing through
a fairly sensible mass revolution," to which the Chgo. Daily News replied
with a great editorial, Nov. 1, 1933, headed "Did You Vote for Revolution?"
He is Pres. Roosevelt's Assistant "Commissar" of Agriculture and one of
the principle spokesmen for the administration.

To quote Cong. Hamilton Fish's speech before the House of Repre-
sentatives, May 2, 1933: "Mordecai Ezekiel, Economic Adviser to the Secre-
tary of Agriculture, is a real shadow of Prof. Tugwell so far as the Russian
farm plan is concerned. He appears to be the Professor Einstein of the admin-
istration and carefully elaborates the working of the 'new deal' to Congress
by the use of logarithms, letting a hog equal X, the squeal equal Y, and the
price equal Z. If it works out 'everything will be all right'. Prof. Ezekiel has
visited Russia, where he made a considerable study of the Gosplan. . . . Here
is a clipping from the greatest propagandist of Soviet Russia in the world, a

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 85

writer for the N. Y. Times, Mr. Walter Duranty, who says that after IS
years the agricultural plan in Russia has failed. . . . The heading of this article
in the N. Y. Times is 'All Russia suffers shortage of food, supplies dwindle,
two- thirds of people are not expected to get sufficient allowances for winter;
crops below 1930; live stock reduced more than 50 percent from 5 years ago,
with fodder lacking; new plans dropped'. These are the agricultural plans
that were commended by Mr. Tugwell and probably are the plans now being
suggested or copied from Soviet Russia in the pending farm bill. If its pur-
pose is to reduce production of farm products, as has happened in Soviet
Russia, then this farm bill ought to succeed at least in that respect, although
that was not the intention of the framers of the Soviet Gosplan in Russia.

"Where did the 'new deal' come from? ... is it possible that the 'new deaF
was borrowed from the Socialist book 'A New Deal,' from which apparently
a large part of the proposed legislative program has been taken? ... in which
Stuart Chase says that 'in a way it is a pity that the road to revolution is
temporarily closed'." I note that the last line of this same book is "Why
should Russians have all the fun of remaking a world?"

When Smith Wildman Brookhart, defeated radical Iowa Senator, Roose-
velt's Foreign Trade Adviser of Agricultural Adjustment Administration,
debated with Hamilton Fish in Chicago, 1932, under L. I. D. and A. S. C.
R. R. auspices, with Prof. Paul H. Douglas, executive of both, presiding, he
took the side of Soviet Russia and of Soviet recognition. He spoke in
friendly familiar terms of his friend Boris Skvirsky, unofficial Soviet repre-
sentative in Washington, and to judge by the plaudits of the audience he
might well have been born in Russia instead of the United States. The hall
was packed with Reds who cheered Brookhart and hissed Fish.

Among other radical Roosevelt appointees is Robert M. Hutchins, self
assured young president of the University of Chicago, under whose admin-
istration the U. of C. has become a hotbed for Communist propaganda. The
Student Congress Against War with Scott Nearing and Earl Browder of
the Communist Party as speakers, mass meetings with Wm. Z. Foster, Carl
Haessler, and others, advocating overthrow of our government in defiance
of the Illinois sedition law, are not only held in University auditoriums, but
the communist National Student League is an officially recognized U. of C.
student activity. Hutchins, accompanied by Victor Olander of the Illinois
Federation of Labor, Pres. Walter Dill Scott of N. U., etc., opposed me in
testifying before the Illinois Legislative hearing at Springfield on the Baker
Bills, aimed at curbing sedition in colleges. Jane Addams opposed me at the
second Chicago hearing. I was in the unique position at Springfield, at
Senator Baker's invitation, of being the only person to testify in favor of
curbing sedition. The presidents of St. Viator's College, and Northwestern
and Chicago Universities were pitted against me, with Mrs. Ickes, wife of
Secy. Harold L. Ickes, leading Roosevelt appointee, applauding on the side-
lines the remarks of the opponents of the sedition bills.

When I showed documentary proof of my charges that Communism is
allowed to flourish at the U. of C., young Hutchins came back with the very
good answer that he did not know why Communism should not be a student
activity at the U. of C., since Wm. Z. Foster and the Communist Party were

86 The Red Network

allowed on the ballot of the State of Illinois (and a scandal that it is true!),
and that he taught Marxism and Leninism himself. Hutchins heads the Chi-
cago Mediation Board of NRA. Jane Addams was invited to serve also but
declined, but Victor Olander, his ally at the Springfield Hearing, serves under
him, as does James Mullenbach (see "Who's Who") and John Fitzpatrick
(appointed through Leo Wolman), president of the Chicago Federation of
Labor and a member of the Chicago Committee for Struggle Against War,
which put over the huge Communist mass meeting I attended Oct. 23, 1933
in honor of Communist Henri Barbusse. Only the Red flag was displayed and
the Internationale sung, and Revolution was cheered. Fitzpatrick's com-
mittee were seated on the stage and a Communist pamphlet sold at the meet-
ing stated that Fitzpatrick had been asked to address the meeting but had
not dared do so as a representative of the A. F. of L.

This Chicago Labor Board (according to the Chicago Tribune, Oct. 20,
1933) was chosen from nominations submitted to Senator Robt. E. Wagner,
chairman of the National Board. Wagner himself is a warm advocate of
Russian recognition and a contributor to the radical Survey, Graphic and
Nation.

According to the Daily Worker of March 19, 1934, Sen. Brookhart
praised Soviet agriculture at the New School for Social Research (Mrs. F. D.
Roosevelt was on its Advisory Board, 1931) and said similar collectivisation
could be achieved here by means of his Bill. To quote: " 'My Bill is the rev-
olution. A couple of Bills like that and there would be no more Wall Street!'
Brookhart suggested that the audience read Stalin's speech on agriculture
mimeographed copies of which he distributed free."

We are not surprised at Mrs. Roosevelt's lavish praise of Jane Addams,
her friend, with whom she shared the program led by Newton D. Baker, in a
drive for relief funds, Oct. 30, 1933 in Chicago, nor to read: "Mrs. Franklin
D. Roosevelt and Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, Jr., motored from the summer
White House at Hyde Park, N. Y., to pay a visit tonight to Miss Lillian
Wald, welfare worker and sociologist. The President's wife and her com-
panion joined Miss Jane Addams . . . and Dr. Alice Hamilton ... as dinner
guests of the founder of Henry St. Settlement, New York." (Chicago Trib-
une, Aug. 8, 1933.)

The A. S. C. R. R., a Communist subsidiary, was formed at Henry St.
Settlement. Lillian Wald and Mrs. Roosevelt served together on the Non-
intervention Citizens Committee, 26 of the 75 members of which were out-
right Socialists or Communists, and the others all more or less connected
with the pacifist movement. Rose Schneidermann (see "Who's Who"), who
has objected to the nickname, the "Red Rose of Anarchy," was also one of
this committee and is a Roosevelt appointee on the Labor Advisory Board.

Rose Schneidermann, Lillian Wald and Mrs. Roosevelt are associated
together also in the National Women's Trade Union League (radical enough
to merit Garland Fund support and the Garland Fund plainly states it gives
only for radical purposes).

"Miss" Frances Perkins was formerly executive secretary of the socialist
National Consumers League, of which, in 1931, Mrs. Roosevelt, Jane Addams,
Newton D. Baker and Alice Hamilton were vice presidents.

Nor is it strange that Leo Wolman and Sidney Hillman, two outstanding
radicals (see "Who's Who"), should be Roosevelt appointees to the Labor

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees

Advisory Board. They were both directors of the Garland Fund, which aided
two of the organizations of which Mrs. Roosevelt is a member (National
Consumers League and National Women's Trade Union League).

Paul Douglas left his work at the U. of Chicago to go to Washington
as Roosevelt's Adviser to NRA. His radical record (see "Who's Who") is
lengthy. Sam Hammersmark, the head of the Chicago Communist Book
Store at 2019 W. Division St. and a Communist Party district executive,
knows him well enough to call him "Paul". A columnist quoted Douglas,
commenting on the present change in administration, as saying: "And to
think but a short time ago we were called radicals!" He left his wife and
children in recent years and married the daughter of Lorado Taft, the
sculptor. Taft now serves on the Red "Chicago Committee for Struggle
Against War".

Wm. E. Dodd (see "Who's Who"), a member of the executive committee
of the Chicago A. C. L. U., is Pres. Roosevelt's appointee as Ambassador to
Germany. How Hitler must love that!

Harold L. Ickes, radical "Republican," is Roosevelt's Secretary of the
Interior. He owns a gorgeous Winnetka, 111. estate and has been active in
"reform" politics for many years. He is held up as the model "honest" poli-
tician. He is in Paul Douglas' utilities-baiting, socialist Utility Consumers
and Investors League and is either a member of or contributor to the A. C.
L. U. His wife, a member of the Illinois Legislature, is said to be an ardent
pacifist.

Donald Richberg, another member of Paul Douglas' Utility Consumers
and Investors League, is Pres. Roosevelt's General Legal Advisor of NRA.
Said the Chgo. Daily News, Sept. 5, 1933: His position in NRA "can
be measured by the fact he gets $12,500 while the others (including John-
son) get $6,000." He was chairman of the resolutions committee of the
radical Conference for Progressive Political Action in Cleveland, 1924, which
"steals" elections for radical candidates (Am. Labor Who's Who). (See also
this "Who's Who").

Henry Wallace, the radical Roosevelt Secretary of Agriculture, was a
member of the Nat. Citizens Committee on Relations with Latin America
and Nat. Save Our Schools Com.

Sophonisba P. Breckenridge and Anne Guthrie (see "Who's Who") were
U. S. delegates to the Pan-American Conference, Nov., 1933, with the
official party.

Wm. H. Leiserson, Secretary of the National Labor Board, is a fellow
author with Norman Thomas and Harry Laidler of the book "Socialism of
Our Times". His section is entitled "Socialist Theory and the Class Struggle".

Prof. Raymond Moley, Roosevelt's appointee as Assistant Secretary of
State, is a close friend of Wm. C. Bullitt. According to "Time" of May 8,
1933: "At Western Reserve he is still well remembered as the professor who
required his classes to read the New Republic when that journal of parloi
liberalism was considered Red." (It is still considered Red).

John F. Sinclair, of the Garland Fund Committee on Imperialism and
of the A. C. L. U. national committee, was reported by the press to be engaged
in confidential work for Pres. Roosevelt (Chgo. Tribune, May 9, 1933). He

88 The Red Network

was appointed member of the NRA review board, March 1934, with Clarence
Darrow, chairman (See "Who's Who" for both).

Heywood Broun and Joseph Wood Krutch, well known radicals (see
"Who's Who"), were appointed as NRA industrial advisors for codes of
fair competition in the theatre industry (Chgo. American, Aug. 8, 1933).

If McKee, 1933 candidate for Mayor of New York, was, as he claimed,
a Roosevelt man, and the accounts in the Daily Worker of Sept. 13, 15, 17,
1933 concerning Pres. Roosevelt's aid to La Guardia are correct, then the
non-Tammany voter indeed had a Tweedle-Dum and Tweedle-Dee choice
between Rooseveltian candidates. To quote the Daily Worker; "Wm. J.
Schiefflin, known as the founder of the Fusion movement, is a wily demagogue
who has considerable distinction among capitalist politicians. On May 17,
1931 Schiefflin paid verbal tribute to Norman Thomas. He said that Thomas
was 'a man excellently capable and fitted for the office of Mayor. . . . But in
the Fusion fight Schiefflin feared that Thomas might handicap his capitalist
political wing through his Socialist tag." And then: "By Aug. 2" (1933)
"the whole Fusion movement seemed to be at the point of collapse. It was
then that Roosevelt's personal advisor was rushed upon the scene to save
the day. Adolph A. Berle, Jr., a member of Roosevelt's so-called 'brain
trust,' went into hurried conference. Another such gathering was called the
following night and it was at this session that La Guardia was chosen as
standard bearer. Since that time Roosevelt's personal advisor has helped
La Guardia to draft the City Fusion Party platform. . . . Fusion's standard
bearer is a former Republican, a former Socialist, a former Progressive, a
former well paid advisor of the Tammany administration" (legal services in
1923). "In the following autumn" (1924) "he entered the race for Con-
gress on the Socialist ticket. ... As a Socialist La Guardia had often expressed
his opposition to war . . . ," etc.

The National Labor Tribune for June 22, 1933 states that Adolph A.
Berle, Jr. and the radical Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia wrote the
Railroad Corporation Reorganization Bill. A. A. Berle, Jr. and Paul Blans-
hard, for 15 years a leading Socialist, and an executive of the Socialist
L. I. D., are now members of the La Guardia cabinet.

The Daily Worker failed to give La Guardia credit for his Socialist con-
sistency in boring from within these various parties and at the same time
that he was the Fusion candidate for conservatives joining in issuing the call
for the Conference for Progressive Political Action held in Chicago, Aug. 29,
1933, to plan radical nation-wide action along the same political lines.

A. A. Berle, Jr., Special Advisor of Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
is the the son of A. A. Berle, who served on the executive committee of the
Civil Liberties Bureau (Lusk Report, p. 1083). He was formerly in the law
office of Louis D. Brandeis, radical Supreme Court Justice (see), whose
decision in the Oklahoma Ice Case is cited by radicals as a victory for
Socialism.

Louis E. Kirstein of the National Advisory Board is the socialistic asso-
ciate of Edward A. Filene of Boston. "Incidentally it was learned today that
the Century Fund endowed by Edward A. Filene, Boston merchant, paid

The New Deal and Roosevelt Appointees 89

all the expenses of the industry control administration, including salaries of
many publicity men, etc. . . . during the organization before the industrial
control bill had been passed by Congress." (Chgo. Tribune, July 30, 1933).

Judson King, Research Investigator for Tennessee Valley Authority;
James P. Warbasse of the Consumers Board of NRA; Wm. F. Ogburn,
resigned member of Consumers Advisory Board; David E. Lilienthal, con-
nected with Tennessee Valley Authority; Henry T. Hunt, General Counsel,
Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works (of Communist and
Socialist committees) ; and Arthur E. Morgan, Director, Tennessee Valley
Authority; all have radical affiliations listed in this "Who's Who," as has
Felix Frankfurter, at whose request Jerome Frank was made Gen. Counsel
of AAA, Wm. L. Nunn, Nathan Margold, Chas. Edw. Russell, etc.

"The safety of the country rests on the provision it makes for adult edu-
cation George F. Zook, United States Commissioner of Education, declared
today before the Adult Educational Council of Chicago" (Chgo. Daily News,
Oct. 20, 1933). (The Adult Educational Council provides Socialist and Com-
munist lecturers for adult education which should make America safe for
Socialism.) "Mr. Zook added that the orders of the Federal Employment
Relief Service to the effect that public funds be made available for employ-
ment of unemployed persons in adult education projects grew out of a con-
ference sponsored by the education office and prompted in part by successful
adult education projects in New York under Harry Hopkins, now Federal
Director of Relief."

The speech of Hopkins, who shared the program with Mrs. Roosevelt
and Newton D. Baker at the Stevens Hotel, Chgo., Oct. 30, 1933 (as reported
in the Chgo. Daily News, Oct. 31), may be summed up in his statement:
"A new social order is to come out of the new deal." No socialistic speaker
ever forgets that phrase "new social order," which of course differentiates
Marx' social order from the American social order.

The Roosevelt administration mouth piece "Today" (of Raymond Moley)
said editorially, Jan. 27, 1934, concerning President Roosevelt:

"To the Philippine Islands he sent Frank Murphy, the colorful and pro-
gressive Mayor of Detroit. Frank Murphy, sharing some of Father Cough-
lin's ardent progressivism, is, in his thinking, rather to the left"

Father Coughlin, who said over the radio, Jan. 14, 1934, that he would
rather live in Russia under the heel of Stalin than in America under the lash
of Morgan, has been hailed with glee by the socialist Public Ownership
League (see). His radio propaganda is deeply appreciated by radicals.
Father John A. Ryan of the Public Ownership League and the national
committee of the infamous Communist-aiding American Civil Liberties Union
declares that Father Coughlin "is on the side of the angels," while other
Catholic dignitaries have dubbed him a "rabble rouser".

When Pres. Roosevelt was Governor of New York, he appointed Frank P.
Walsh, one of the most valuable friends the Red movement has had, to the
N. Y. Commn. on Revision of Public Utility Laws, June, 1929, and chmn. of
Power Authority of the State of N. Y., May, 1931. The radical activities of
Frank P. Walsh and Felix Frankfurter, one of the insiders of Pres. Roose-

90 The Red Network

velt's "brain trust," have been extensive. See Fred Biedenkapp (notorious
Communist agitator) in "Who's Who" for aid given him by F. D. Roosevelt
while Governor.

The Chicago Daily News, Dec. 26, 1933, under the caption, "Hails 1500
Yule Pardons As Victory for Free Speech," quotes the words of praise of Harry
N. Weinberg, the attorney who defended Anarchist Emma Goldman, for the
action of Pres. Roosevelt in extending pardon and amnesty to 1500 Reds,
who had been convicted of seditious activities against the U. S. government
— a gesture of friendship following close upon recognition of Russia, not
unappreciated by revolutionaries. It is noteworthy, however, that at the
same time the nation's newspapers, after months of haggling, were still
unsuccessful in securing a clause guaranteeing them "freedom of speech" in
their NRA code. As a consequence, Emma Goldman, deported Anarchist-
Communist and free love exponent, has now returned and is spreading her
ulcerous doctrines again.

Pres. Roosevelt recently pardoned Robert Osman, Brooklyn corporal,
convicted in 1931 of communicating military secrets to Communists (see
Louis Waldman in "Who's Who").

An Associated Press dispatch of Dec. 15, 1933, stated that "Raymond
Moley, former assistant Secretary of State, criticized his former chief, Secre-
tary of State Cordell Hull, for terming the administration's relief and recov-
ery measures 'temporary and extraordinary' measures . . . saying that 'we are
building permanently and not for a mere purpose of recovery/ urged the
reconstruction of the Democratic Party to carry on the principles of the
administration's recovery and relief measures."

Pres. Hutchins, who shared the Sinai Temple program of Oct. 30, 1933,
with Mordecai Ezekiel and Norman Thomas, pleaded for federal funds and a
federal secretary of education in order that education might be more and
more state subsidized and controlled. Norman Thomas, of course, supple-
mented this socialistic idea with other Socialist plans and Ezekiel said that
the long term aim of the U. S. agricultural program is to "place the best
farmers on the best land," placing the surplus farmers in city factories.

I think when Ezekiel comes to shifting farmers around, as Russia does,
and telling a farmer who loves his home that he is a "surplus" farmer he
may find that the "loud acclaim" which Wm. E. Sweet's letter asserts Roose-
velt is receiving will change to something like the statements of Gov. 'Alfalfa
Bill' Murray, as recently reported in the press. Having heard that the pan-
handle section of his State's lands were to be declared unfit for farming and
the settlers moved elsewhere, he declared he would call out the National
Guard and "not one d — settler would be moved". The residents them-
selves declared they had lived on and loved their land for many years and
knew more about its possibilities than the government appointees and did
not care to be moved. Of course the more probable and smoother method
of making the farmers move peaceably would be to pay for the land and
load the bill onto the taxpayers. Any measure which raises taxes is a means
of socialization or doing away with private ownership.

Abraham Lincoln said that any issue should be judged not by whether
it is all good or all bad, but by whether it is preponderantly good or bad, as
no issue or individual is wholly good or bad.

Capitalism — Hewer and "Ckiseier" 91

American government along Washingtonian lines has demonstrated its
worth. It is as perfect a form of government for any age as human nature
will allow it to be. It spurs initiative and offers incentive with a maximum
of freedom and a minimum of coercion. Until recent years, when radical
tamperers started saddling it with bureaucracy, it maintained its people at
the highest level ever known.

No former depression was able long to halt the upward surge of Amer-
ican progress. Given back their real liberty, their freedom to work for some-
thing except the tax collector, Americans would again down this depression.
Socialism in Austria, England and Australia has kept those countries depressed
for years by the vicious cycle of taxation, more unemployment, more unem-
ployment, more taxation. For every rich employer "swatted," many wage
earners were thrown on the dole, then more people on the dole required
more taxation.

The many thousands of middle class, or "bourgeois," American citizens
who have a financial interest in the packing industry, or the public utilities,
through the ownership of stock, bonds, life insurance policies, etc., may well
look with apprehension upon the recently announced plan of the Roosevelt
administration to take over the packing industry as a "basic industry." And
yet, if quick, drastic and concerted action in opposition is not taken, that is
what may possibly be done, as one of the various steps toward complete
socialization of the Country under the guidance of "Commissars" Morgen-
thau, Johnson, Perkins, Ickes, Wallace and Tugwell.

A comparison between the Communist Manifesto's ten measures for
socializing a state, the 1932 Socialist Party platform, and the Rooseveltian
Bills passed by Congress 1933-4, is shocking. It is significant that Post-
master General Farley, Administration spokesman and still head of the
Democratic National Committee, insists (summer 1934) that every feature
of the "New Deal" was conceived in the mind of Franklin Roosevelt before
he was even nominated for the Presidency, and deplores the popular vogue
of giving the credit (or blame) to the "Brain Trust."

Not partisanship, but "Socialism versus Americanism" is the issue before
America now. No Socialist-Democrat, no compromising willy-nilly Republican
torn between innate American conservatism and internationalist radical-
pacifism deserves support. We need a rockbound old American or an anti-
Marxian Democrat (with a Congress to match) to lead America. Who is
he? Even though he is found, he will not relieve individuals of responsibility
in picking local election slates before "George" does it for them.

Every American who values his home, his liberty and the future of his
children should give himself heart and soul in the next election to the Party
which gives proof that its candidates will uphold the American principles
which have made America great and will offer American voters the opportunity
to vote "Karl Marx" out of office.

CAPITALISM— HEWER AND "CHISELER"
OF AMERICAN GREATNESS

The slogan of socialism is "Production for use and not for profit," but
the spirit of capitalism is production for use and for profit. Socialists every-
where are as familiar with the Soviet cartoons and myths concerning the ugly,
fat, heavy-jowled old man in the frock coat and high hat, greedily clutching
bags of gold, whom they label "Capitalism" as we all are with cartoons and

92 The Red Network

myths about fat, jolly, old Santa Glaus with his pack of toys. The myths
built up around each of these imaginary old gentlemen are childish, but no
less satisfying to certain mentalities.

What could be simpler in time of economic stress and bewilderment than
to imagine a few greedy old fat capitalists clutching all of the nation's wealth
in their money bags, while exulting maliciously over the hardships of the
unemployed, the unemployed advancing upon them, cracking them over their
heads and "re-distributing the wealth" in their bags to the needy? An end-
ing as simple and happy as the arrival of Santa Claus with toys, with the
added satisfaction of taking revenge on the villain.

In reality millions of Americans, a greater proportion of the population
than in any other country, own farms, homes, property, stock, savings, or a
business of some sort and are capitalists on a larger or smaller scale. When
a Socialist tells the "old one" about a half dozen or so capitalists controlling
all of the wealth in the United States, he should be sent to read the volumes
of names of owners of property listed on the tax books of various districts
and to poll the store keepers and business men of any "Main Street" to ask
them how many of their concerns are owned by the half dozen big, bad,
capitalists, and how many are privately owned.

Anyone who owns any investment, property, or business nowadays knows
that profits are doubtful, dividends and interest are not being paid, taxes are
almost confiscatory, that capitalists who have large holdings are distressed,
tax eaten and gloomy, and that some of them commit suicide. The Socialists'
mythical capitalist exulting over the present depression is not to be found
in real life, nor is it conceivable that any capitalist would deliberately
deprive himself of profits in order to deprive his employees of the prosperity
wages paid when business is run at prosperity speed.

Who, then, should be cracked over the head? How can wealth that is not
produced be re-distributed? Property, tools, business, factories, cannot be
eaten, hoarded in bags, or hidden under the bed. These produce wealth only
when they can function at a profit for everyone. When they do not, their
owners are "property poor."

Russians are told they must suffer deprivation in order that the goods
they produce may be exported abroad to pay for machinery (soon rusted
through carelessness), to industrialize Russia.

Ellery Walter, fascinating author and lecturer who, after living under the
"planned society order" of Russia, became depinked, told how he stood
looking at a long line of tractors which were out of commission and asked
his Russian girl guide what was the matter with them. She said they had
broken down from lack of greasing. Noting a peasant's cart rumbling along
with a bucket of grease swinging from the axle, he pointed it out and said to
her: "Those peasants know enough to grease their wagons. What is the
matter with them that they don't know enough to grease the tractors?" She
happened to know the peasant and merely replied, "O! that wagon belongs
to him."

America, the world's greatest industrial nation, industrialized itself under
private capitalism, for use and for profit, not only without deprivation, but
while enjoying increasing prosperity and highest wages. American suffer-

Capitalism — Hewer and "CMseler" 93_

ings started only when capitalism took sick. Like a sick horse, the decrepit
economic system back of which we are now crawling along is not Capitalism
himself, but a Capitalism loaded down with Socialism. Quietly, step by step
since 1912, one socialistic measure after another has been passed, one state
or federal bureau after another has been put into operation at the expense of
the tax payer. It is estimated that a generation ago a man worked one day
in every fifty to pay taxes, whereas just before the New Deal he worked one
day in every five to pay taxes. A mere list of governmental activities run at
the expense of the taxpayer would fill a good sized booklet.

America's horse "Capitalism," or private industry, carried his steadily
mounting load very well until recent years, when his back caved in alarm-
ingly and his gait became labored. Promising to cure this overloaded back
and slow gait by "balancing the budget," the New Deal has instead piled
onto him a further load of billions of dollars in socialistic taxation. Social-
ists gleefully predict that our horse will die. They exult that "Capitalism
has failed." He probably will die unless he is rescued. If he does, it will
not be his fault, but the fault of those deliberately aiming to kill him with
Socialist burdens. Unload Capitalism and give him a sniff of oats for his
profit, and he will trot along as he did before. He has proven what he can
do in the past.

What have socialistic experiments ever achieved, except deficits or failure?
While Russia was primitive under the Czars, it danced on holidays and wor-
shipped God with a full stomach. The Ukraine, now starving, was, in fact,
called the bread basket of Europe. Famine, spy and shot gun ridden Russia
now turns out more propaganda than produce.

Dr. H. Parker Willis, Columbia U. professor, one of the authors of the
federal reserve act, and a monetary authority, said before the American
Economic Association, Dec. 28, 1933, that he had had difficulty in analyzing
the recovery program because of "a lack of consistency and frankness on the
part of those identified with its origin and administration. One fully
accredited spokesman of the recovery administration stated that the New
Deal was devised after a careful study of European Socialism, Russian Com-
munism, and Italian Fascism. But almost at the same time, another equally
high and equally authoritative spokesman denied that there was anything
revolutionarv in the undertakings.

"But taking the most recent and official exposition of the recovery, I
find it based upon a fundamentally false premise. It rests upon the assump-
tion that the depression was due to a breakdown of laissez faire. When did
industry lose its freedom? Certainly not on March 3, 1933, but many years
earlier.

"As a matter of fact, the panic of 1929 grew out of the existence of too
much interference with some industries and nursing, spoon-feeding, and
coddling others. It is not true that uncontrolled excessive individualism has
destroyed itself. What we are suffering from today is an undue govern-
mental interference with business." (Chicago Tribune, Dec. 29, 1933).

I listened to Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, telling the
world over the radio on Christmas morning that governmental "planning"
under the New Deal must go on in ever broadening measure, to secure for

94 The Red Network

the people of America a more "equitable redistribution of wealth," to abolish
the "profit motive," the "greed" and "rugged individualism" (all good
Socialist phrases), which had ruined this country. He said that nothing that
governmental "planning" could do in the future could fail as America had
failed in the past, and that nothing it could do could ruin America as we
Americans had already ruined it.

I wondered if Mr. Wallace were unaware of the fact that America and its
capitalism is the greatest success in history, that the "rugged individualism"
of our American pioneering ancestors "chiseled" from the forests of a vast
wilderness, no richer than similar vast wildernesses in South America, Africa
and Asia, which remain, however, wildernesses today, a nation which is the
envy of every nation on earth, and this in the space of only about 150 years.
The freely released energies of those who fled the autocracies of European
countries created the miracle of modern times — America.

I wondered how Mr. Wallace could call America a failure unless per-
chance he had never seen the rest of the world to draw his comparisons.
Anyone who has traveled over the world knows that the greatest part of
its surface is still untouched by "Capitalism" or "rugged individualism," that
its minerals lie unmined, that the feet of countless millions go bare, that
mud or straw huts and a few rags remain in style century after century,
for the majority of human beings, that insect-bitten, comfortless poverty
on a bare subsistence level reigns unchallenged over the vast stretches of
Africa, Asia, South America, and China, where famines also regularly kill
off millions, that these millions never experience depressions because they
never have any prosperity. They cannot drop because they remain down.

Enroute to the Orient last year when I facetiously jibed a kerosene lamp
salesman about his business being out of date, he came back with very exact
figures on the millions of inhabitants in India, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands,
etc., who have never had gas or electricity, could not afford it if it were
available, who live countless miles from the few foreign settlements where
it is available, and are now using far more primitive lighting devices than
kerosene lamps. He assured me that his business was in its infancy!

City Americans naturally look upon those who have had their gas and
electricity shut off during the depression as sufferers. Yet our own parents
had none. My mother, during Christmas holidays, was reminescing with an
old friend about their youthful days in Ohio. She recalled the horse and
buggy days. He, a prominent Chicago physician, said: "I go you one better.
Remember you lived in northern Ohio, which with its lake port, Cleveland,
developed ahead of Southern Ohio where I lived. I travelled by ox cart
at a time when you, in northern Ohio, had advanced to horses and carriages."

To "rugged individualism" and capitalism we owe machines, road and
transportation developments, and countless other comforts unknown in any
previous age.

If capitalism and capitalists are a blight to humanity, then a land like
Egypt — where its sore-eyed fellaheens, who live in mud huts, till the fields
with the same style crooked stick plows, raise water from the Nile with the
same old water wheels, and sail the Nile in the same old model dahabeahs as
are pictured on the walls of King Tut's tomb which was sealed centuries
ago — should be a happy spot. But the happiest event which has befallen

Capitalism — Hewer and "Chiseler" 95

Egypt in many centuries came with the British "imperialism" and "capitalism"
which built the Assuan Dam to control Nile floods, increase tillable land,
and prevent famines. While the dam may have been built for the profit of
British capitalism, it has, no less, profited the Egyptians by filling their
stomachs with food.

If capitalism is "greed" and a blight to humanity, then why are the
savage and miserable lands which have no capitalism, not blessed? Why is
the standard of living of the whole people in any land raised in proportion
to the success and development of its capitalistic enterprises?

How inconsistently the very people who welcome the advent of a factory
to their home town and mourn its closing as a catastrophe, who glory in the
memory of the $10 per day wages it once paid and the silk shirts, radios and
Fords they were able to buy when capitalism was pulsing with life, who
themselves hope for nothing so much as the legitimate chance to again make
profits, and the sooner the better, will applaud the thrilling experienced
"rabble-rouser," with his ever popular appeals to envy, when he denounces
as the source of all evil the "profit-motive" of the capitalist who built or ran
that factory for their mutual benefit. When he made profits they profited also.

There is, of course, an alternative to the "profit-motive" for spurring
human beings on to perform hard, worrisome, or distasteful labor. It is the
shot gun. As Bernard Shaw put it: "Compulsory labor with death, the final
punishment, is the keystone of socialism." Business men are not apt to volun-
tarily get too "tired" working for the State, nor are laborers on public works
noted for their over exertion. Try calling on a politician early in the day.
"He is not down yet" is what you will probably be told. We may reward or
punish people to make them work, "crack down" on them, employ a G. P. U.
spy system to enforce Socialism, or return to the American Capitalistic prin-
ciple of production for use and for profit.

A capitalist business must efficiently produce goods for use or it can make
no profit. State works on the other hand, need not be either useful, necessary,
or efficiently run, since the tax payers pay the bills out of the proceeds from
private efficiency. Even the U. S. Post Office piles up a large yearly deficit
(112 million dollars in 1933). Capitalism is a system of spending which
pumps profits into every part of society. Buying goods is spending for the
products of industry, while buying investments is spending to maintain and
develop industry. Even savings are loaned out to be spent for home building
and business enterprise, or else the banker realizes no profit. New investment
means new industry, new employment, new spending, new investing, and so
on around the circle again.

Have you ever had your wants completely satisfied? Other Americans
have not had theirs satisfied either. There is no limit to new wants, new devel-
opments, new possibilities, within America itself, while other lands have been
scarcely touched with modern equipment. Wash bowls and pitchers formed
the entire window display in a prominent London store when I visited there
only a few years ago. There is no over-production and there never has been.
Yet Rex. Tugwell, our "brain trust" leader, says new industry should not be
allowed to arise unless it has first been planned for and considered probably
desirable by the government. (See under Nat. Religion and Labor Found.)

In Russia, where Marxism rules, employees do not receive the full value

96 The Red Network

of their products in wages, according to the accepted Marxian theory of
value. Someone there, as everywhere, must take part of the sale price of
products and spend it to develop processes, build and maintain the factory
and tools, with which the product is made. The government is that someone in
Russia or under Socialism anywhere. Individual owners are the "someones"
under capitalism. Which is the more efficient? No capitalist can actually use
for himself a great amount of the world's goods. As the old British jingle
about being able to sleep in only one bed or wear one hat at a time goes:
"You can only wear one eye-glass in your eye,
Use one coffin when you die — don't you know!"

The rest of a capitalist's profits are not hoarded in bags, but invested, and
that is spent, for further development of industry and further profits for
others as well as himself.

Many business men, now harassed by the evident animosity of socialistic
"New Dealers" toward private business for profit, warned to keep prices down,
wages up, hours of business long (for themselves), hours of employees short,
to compute sales taxes and to expect to lose their blue eagle if they err, would
gladly, but for the hope of future change, rid themselves of the worrisome bur-
den of running a profitless business for others, and become employees them-
selves. Many people who saved to buy investments for their own "old age
security," which are now almost worthless, wish they had squandered the
money instead. Even the movies portray all mortgage owners as villains.
Many of these villains are widows, orphans, and aged people dependent for
support on this income. Insurance policies depend largely upon mortgages.

Many Chicago home owners, straining to pay preposterous state, county,
sanitary district, and other taxes on their homes and furniture, would now
gladly change places with renters of furnished apartments and give up the
struggle of meeting taxes.

When it no longer "pays" to own property or run a business, it means
that capitalism or "private ownership" is being squeezed to death. Socialism
is killing it. Only when Socialism is throttling legitimate profits does the
big and little capitalist stop investing, that is, spending, and try to hide a
little of his fast disappearing money from the tax collector, but "New Dealers"
have devaluated even money now. The State seems about ready to gobble up
all private ownership rights.

In the face of all evidences of the success of capitalism and of the failures
of Socialism, one can but marvel at the ever gushing zeal of Socialist propa-
gandists. Their appeals to abolish the profit motive are as sweet as the rustle
of angels' wings. Who could remain unmoved by the following from "Toward
A New Economic Society" by Kirby Page and Sherwood Eddy? (p. 83):
"What can religion as the champion of personality do to give our economic
activities an ethical content and place them in their proper sphere? . . . The
profit motive must be supplanted by the motive of service or production for
use, which in turn means that ownership as soon as practicable, should rest
in the hands of the community. . . . The Columbia Conserve Company in
Indianapolis, owned and controlled by its employees, is a rare but enlightening
example of this form of organization." (Soulful, is it not?)

The Columbia Conserve Company, from a thousand pulpits, lecture plat-

Capitalism — Hewer and "Ctriseler" 97

forms, and class rooms, has long been heralded as the most advanced form
of industrial democracy, an example to youth, a reproof to the American
business man. Yet, the socialist World Tomorrow (Dec. 21, 1933) itself
publishes this story of its debacle: About 15 years ago Mr. Wm. P. Hapgood
with the cooperation of his brothers, Norman and Hutchins, established a
canning factory with the avowed purpose of demonstrating the possibilities
of democracy in industry. A system was also devised whereby the ownership
of the company would pass by stages into the hands of the employees. About
a year ago, the quarrel between Mr. Hapgood and some of the ablest veteran
workers became so acute that in February, with the consent of all parties
concerned, Sherwood Eddy, Jerome Davis, Paul H. Douglas, and James Myers
(all radicals) were requested to serve as a committee for the purpose of inves-
tigating the whole situation. An agreement was reached which was to remain
in force until April, 1934. Nevertheless, within two months Mr. Hapgood
requested of the committee that the company be released from the agreement.
Opposition was offered to this by a group of employees, etc. (Wm. M. Leiser-
son, Roosevelt appointee as secy. Nat. Labor Bd., was chosen as arbitrator.)

To quote from the reply of this Committee of Four who charged breach
of faith and of contract: "During our own experience with the Columbia
Conserve Company during recent weeks, we have observed with deep regret
that Mr. Wm. P. Hapgood, although in his philosophy, democratic, seems to
have proved autocratic in dealing with the workers. ... It seemed to the
Committee that the leaders of those who dared openly to differ with the
management were forced out or impelled to resign until effective industrial
democracy had disappeared" (as in Russia).

The socialist World Tomorrow draws from this "disappointing outcome
of a notable experiment" the conclusion that "genuine democracy in industry
cannot be achieved by isolated efforts. . . . Nothing short of the socialization
of natural resources and basic industry will suffice. . . . Therefore it seems
to us that deeper wisdom has been displayed by Powers Hapgood who left
his father's plant to become a national organizer for the Socialist Party. The
collapse of the experiment in industrial democracy at the Columbia Conserve
Company is partly the result of the failure of the human spirit, but much
more it is the consequence of an inadequate social philosophy and an incorrect
social strategy."

Jail or the shot gun is the "correct social strategy" in the Soviet Socialist
paradise. These take the place of competition, under capitalism, in settling
wage and other controversies. Had the United States been completely social-
ized at the time this quarrel broke out, governmental forces would have been
used to "crack down" on these disgruntled workers.

Socialist appeals for complete Socialism, sharing, and abolition of the
"profit motive" would be so much more winning if Socialists first voluntarily
proved the success and practicability of their theories, instead of insisting
upon the necessity for brute force to achieve and hold Socialism in power.

One notes that even such a zealous "Christian" Socialist as Rev. E. F.
Tittle of Evanston, while denouncing Capitalism and social inequality be-
tween whites and negroes, yet continues to enjoy his capitalistic salary, home
and car, instead of sharing them with poor evicted negroes, and sends his own

98 The Red Network

daughter through Roycemore, the most exclusive private school on the North
Shore, although Evanston has good public schools.

Morris Hillquit, national executive of the Socialist Party for many years,
died recently, leaving a fortune of some $200,000, which according to his
Socialist principles, should be "redistributed." He should have shared it
long ago.

Bernard Shaw, one of the world's most outstanding propagandists for
Communism-Socialism, lives in England where he can enjoy the huge profits
from his writings and other capitalistic ventures. Portly Maxim Litvinoff,
who visited the United States while hunger was rampant in Russia, bore no
marks of suffering, nor, as the Chicago Tribune remarked at the time, was
there any direct evidence that he had been "especially fattened for the oc-
casion." He demonstrated the well-known fact that political commissars,
everywhere, eat, regardless of whether others starve or not. The cure for the
temptations inherent in politics which give rise to its widespread corruption,
is not more political offices, more temptation, more politicians, more political
power, more graft, more taxes — in other words more Socialism — but less, and
a return to the individualistic sense of responsibility, the private initiative
and capitalism which has actually hewn and chiseled American greatness out
of a primitive wilderness and given its people the highest standard of living
of any people in history.

The National Republic (Dec. 1933 issue) under the heading "The Failure
of Socialism" states:

"Persons socialistically inclined often point to the present world-wide
depression as 'a failure of the capitalist system,' that is, of the system of
private ownership of property and liberty and from this argue in favor of
fundamental changes in the economic order as a means of improving the lot
of the people.

"But the present world-wide breakdown could more properly be charged
to a collapse of the socialist system. Every important power in the western
world today, except the United States, is under either socialist parliamentary
control, or that dictatorship to which socialism leads as in Italy, Poland,
Germany and Russia.

"Beyond this effect of direct socialist control, the menace of political
ownership of property and destruction of individual liberty and enterprise,
and the meddling with the established monied systems, are the chief factors
in the slowing down of business enterprise. It is not to be expected that
productive enterprise will go ahead full steam when enemies of all private
enterprise are busily engaged in trying to tear up the tracks and burn the
bridges just ahead.

"In western Europe, under the threat of socialism and bolshevism, money
was withdrawn from productive enterprise in thousands of cases and went into
hiding. In this country political demagogues and doctrinaires who are at
heart socialists whatever their outward party profession, have been busily
engaged in threatening all business enterprise, and hampering and ham-
stringing it wherever possible. What they cannot immediately destroy by
socialist legislation, they try to tax and restrict and handicap to the point of
extinction. In this they are joined by those international adventurers of

Fascism 99

capitalism who seek by this method to kill off all independent enterprise in
the belief that they may gain profits not only through national but world-
wide mergers. . . .

"The failures of socialism in the Old World are resulting in dictatorships.
Socialism centralizes all power in the politicians. It hands over to them
complete control of the life, property and liberties of the people. Thus it builds
up a giant machine ready for the hand of dictators. Will we venture into
such chaos?"

FASCISM

Fascism, the bitterest enemy of Socialism-Communism, resembles Socialism
in the respect that it gives great power to the State and dictatorship over all
industry, employment, education, freedom of the press, etc. The points of
difference which make it violently hated by the Reds are: its opposition to
the "class struggle" and the subjugation of the bourgeoisie by the dictatorship
of the proletariat. Rather, it seeks a harmony between all classes and concedes
to industrialists, white collar, professional, as well as laboring workers, a place
in the social order as necessary parts, not "class enemies," of the whole, but
under State control. It defends some property rights and religion. It opposes
Marxist philosophy and the Communist and Socialist Marxian parties. Fas-
cism in Italy is not anti-Semitic. The problem of the large number of revo-
lutionary Russian Jews in Germany doubtless contributed toward making
Fascist Germany anti-Semitic.

Fascism arose in Italy and Germany as the result of the weakness of
Democracy in combatting the Marxian poison which had been allowed to
disintegrate the entire social fabric of these nations with agitations for strife
and disunity. It took over power at a time in both countries when the choice
lay between Fascist or Red dictatorship. It is the only enemy feared by the
Reds, because it is the only system which opposes militancy with militancy
and puts down one dictatorship by means of another.

The price of Democratic freedom is eternal vigilance. When a people are
too indifferent to the loss of their liberty, too blind to see that unchecked
Marxism will result in complete chaos, disunity and national helplessness, too
lazy to bother to protect their form of government, or to govern themselves,
then some form of dictatorship will arise to take over the task for them.

Unless large numbers of Americans shake off their present indifference to
fast disappearing liberty and to danger from within, and combat Socialism-
Communism vigorously, some form of Fascism will arise in America to do
battle with Socialism for the dictatorship over the indifferent. As the strength
of Socialism-Communism increases, the chance to preserve Democracy de-
creases, until eventually Fascism becomes the only alternative to Socialism-
Communism. It is late, but not too late to save American Democracy if
Americans will awaken — now/ Where are America's leaders?

100

The Red Network

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PART II

ORGANIZATIONS, ETC.

Descriptive data concerning more than 460 Communist, Anarchist, Social-
ist, I. W. W., or Radical-Pacifist controlled or infiltrated organizations and
other agencies referred in the "Who's Who" (Part III) :

A Unity Publishing Co., of Lincoln Center,

also headed by Curtis Reese, publishes a
weekly magazine, of which the editor is
John Haynes Holmes, which has long had a
reputation for radicalism. The Lusk Re-
port in 1920 (p. 1129) said: "Such Uni-
tarian ministers as J. M. Evans and A. L.
Weatherly" (on Unity staff 1933) "can
abjure God without leaving their ministry.
John Haynes Holmes changed the name of
his so-called church from 'Church of the
Messiah' to 'Community Church' as an out-
ward mark of his change of heart from
Christianity to Communism. An insidious
anti-religious campaign is being carried on
by these men and their colleagues in such
reviews as 'The World Tomorrow* (New
York) and 'Unity' (Chicago)."

"A Song of Revolt," a poem by Com-
munist Robert Whitaker with his footnote
explaining "how I can accept the Com-
munist position with my opposition to
War," appears in Sept. 4, 1933, issue of
"Unity." To quote from page 12: "This
significant fast of Gandhi — to me is second
in significance only to the crucifixion of
Christ" (Gandhi is a pet of the Reds).
Words of praise for Harry Ward's book on
Russia are written by J. B. Matthews;
another review says "Once again we are
favored with a book from the pen of that
fearless Methodist preacher, Ernest Fre-
mont Tittle" (see this "Who's Who"). The
"New Humanist" magazine featuring Harry
Elmer Barnes (vice pres. atheist Free-
thinkers Society) exchanges advertisements
with "Unity" and a cut-rate is offered for
subscriptions to both.

Sidney Strong, radical, father of Anna
Louise Strong (the Communist editor of
the Moscow Daily News in Moscow) and
of Tracy Strong (whose communistic ac-
tivities in the Y.M.CA. were widely com-
mented upon by the press), is one of the
board of directors of Unity. In his article
in the Sept. 18, 1933, issue he says: "More

ABRAHAM LINCOLN CENTER—
"UNITY"

Anyone reading the bulletins posted in
the entrance hall of the six-story building
entirely occupied by Abraham Lincoln
Center (a social settlement) would believe
that he had entered a Communist insti-
tution. For example, in Sept. 1933, one
placard read: "Enroll Now! Chicago
Workers School, 2822 S. Michigan Av."
(Communist school of revolution) ; another
announced new issues of "New Masses"
(Communist magazine) and said "You can
get it from M. Topchevsky here at desk!"
(M. Topchevsky teaches art at the com-
munist Workers School) ; another headed
"John Reed Club" (Communist club at
1475 S. Michigan Av.) listed lectures to
be given there, among others "Eugene Bech-
told Sat., Sept. 23, at 8:30" (another
teacher at communist Workers School) ;
another notice addressed to "All Organiza-
tions— Save Our Schools Committee," etc.,
signed by Sam Lessitz, secretary of the
communist National Student League, urged
all those interested to come to a meeting
to be held Sept. 22, 1933, at 3223 W.
Roosevelt Road, Room 302, for the pur-
pose of planning further agitations against
Chicago school economies and pointed out
that the National Student League "a non-
partisan organization" ( !) was already re-
sponsible for recent strikes in two schools.
Lincoln Center is the meeting place for
such Communist groups as the I.L.D.,
national convention of John Reed Clubs
1932, etc. Players from Lincoln Center
helped to form the communist Chicago
Workers Theatre (see) of which Curtis
Reese, head of Lincoln Center, is an official
sponsor. The communist Workers' Labora-
tory Theatre School (see) is conducted at
Lincoln Center for the purpose of training
actors for revolutionary plays.

101

102

The Red Network

than a year ago Litvinoff of the Soviet
Republic made proposals that involved a
drastic reduction of arms all around — in
fact at one instance he proposed that steps
be taken towards total and general dis-
armament" (see "Pacifism"). "Unfortun-
ately his proposals were not heeded. . . .
Everyone should be encouraged to take
a personal stand — to be a war resister. . . .
Anti war congresses should be held. There
cannot be too many public protests."

The editorial in this issue voices the
usual Red "anti-imperialist," anti-Ameri-
can-government attitude in reviewing red
Carleton Reals' book on Cuba, saying in
part: "We are made to see our own coun-
try, the United States, as the chief of-
fender against the Cuban people. In 1898
we did not free Cuba, but only transferred
her from the bondage of Spain to the ex-
ploitation of America. It is to the ever-
lasting credit of President Roosevelt and
Secretary Hull that they not only did not
interfere with the revolutionists, but ac-
tually gave them friendly counsel and as-
sistance."

In 1933, "Unity" lists the following:
Unity Publishing Co., Abraham Lincoln Cen-
ter, 700 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago, 111. John Haynes
Holmes, Editor: Curtis W. Reese, Managing Edi-
tor; Board of Directors: Mrs. Salmon O. Levinson,
President; Mrs. E. L. Lobdell, Vice President;
Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenfels, Treasurer; Mrs. Francis
Neilson (Helen Swift Neilson, daughter of the cap-
italistic packer, Gustavus F. Swift, and sister of
Harold Swift, pres. of the bd. of trustees of the
Univ. of Chicago, where Communism is a recog-
nized student activity); Mrs. Ella R. Nagely; Mrs.
O. T. Knight; Mrs. Irwin Rosenfels; Mr. Curtis
W. Reese; Miss Mathilda C. Schaff; Mrs. E. E.
Smith; Mr. Francis Neilson; Secretary, May John-
son; Editorial Contributors: W. Waldemar W.
Argow; Dorothy Walton Binder (Wife of Carroll,
editorial assistant to publisher of the Chicago Daily
News, which urged recognition of Soviet Russia);
Raymond B. Biagg; Edmund B. Chaffee; Percy M.
Dawson (advisor in Alex Meikle John's ultra radical
Experimental College at U. of Wis., 1927-29);
Albert C. Dieffenbach (chmn. for Boston of the
Fellowship of Faiths "Threefold Movement");
James A. Fairley; Zona Gale; A. Eustace Haydon;
Jesse H. Holmes; Louis L. Mann; Jos. Ernest
McAfee (of Union Theological Seminary, dir. for
John Haynes Holmes Church of "community serv-
ice" since 1924); Henry R. Mussey; Max C.
Otto; Alson H. Robinson; Robt. C. Scholler; Clar-
ence R. Skinner; Sidney Strong; Jabez T. Sunder-
land (of Union Theol. Sem.; Pres. of various
Indian Freedom Organizations); Arthur L. Weath-
erly; James H. West. Poetry Editors: Lucia Trent,
Ralph Cheyney. Foreign Representatives: Australia
— Chas. Strong; Austria — Stefan Zweig; Bulgaria —
P. M. Mattheff; England— Harrison Broun, Fred
Hawkinson, Reginald Reynolds; France — G. De-
martial, Remain Rolland (Communist) ; Germany
— Theodor Hahn; India — Rabindranath Tagore;
Japan — Nobuichire Imaoka; Palestine — Hans Kohn;
Russia — Alina Huebsch.

ADULT EDUCATION COUNCIL

(of Illinois)
See Chicago Forum Council.

AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION

A communist T.U.U.L. Union; rec'd
$3,000 from the Garland Fund; A. E.
Sanchez, 1643 Lawrence St., Denver, Colo.,
organizer of beet workers ; Donald Hender-
son, sec.

ALL AMERICA ANTI IMPERIALIST
LEAGUE

(ALSO INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE

AGAINST IMPERIALISM)
AA.A.IXg.

Name now is Anti Imperialist League,
American section of Moscow's Interna-
tional League Against Imperialism; an
"All America" Communist subsidiary which
in 1928 had 12 sections established in the
U. S. and 11 Latin American countries
spreading "vicious and false propaganda in
Mexico, Central and South American
countries against the United States, depict-
ing this country as a big bully trying to
exploit Latin America. This campaign has
been successful in arousing hatred among
Latin Americans against the United States"
(U. S. Fish Report) ; it agitates against the
Monroe doctrine and forms "Hands Off
Committees" (see) to propagandize against
U. S. interference whenever the Commun-
ists are endangering American lives and
property by stirring up trouble and revolu-
tion in Cuba, China, Mexico, Nicaragua,
etc. This propaganda is echoed by such
A.C.L.U. affairs as the Committee on Cul-
tural Relations with Latin America, Non
Intervention Citizens Committee, National
Citizens Committee on Relations with
Latin America (see), etc. Works in close
association, though not affiliated, with the
Chinese Students Alliance (mid- west sec-
tion), Conference for Filipino Indepen-
dence, Monsang (Chinese Waiters Union of
Chicago), Sun Yat Sen Society, etc. The
official report of the Communist Party's
convention held in Chicago Aug. 21-30,
1925 (then called Workers' Party), where
it was formed, stated: "Under the present
Central Executive Committee the Worker's
Party of America has for the first time
made anti-imperialist work one of its basic
activities — the most important step in this
direction being the successful organization
of the All America Anti-Imperialist

Organizations, Etc.

103

League The A.A.A.I.Lg. was endorsed by

the Comintern and Profintern." (page 19).
The Garland Fund, in 1927 and later, not
only donated $1,500 to the A.A.A.I.Lg. it-
self but spent thousands and thousands of
dollars for "research work on imperialism"
and appointed and paid "the Garland Fund
Committee on American Imperialism"
(see) for its efforts along this line; Roger
Baldwin, a director of both Garland Fund
and A.C.L.U., went with Wm. Pickens of
the N.A.A.C.P., Richard Moore (director
of Communist Negro work) and Com-
munist Manuel Gomez, Nat. Sec. of the
A.A.A.I.Lg., to Brussels, Belgium, in 1927
as a delegate to the communist World
Congress Against Imperialism, which or-
ganized Moscow's International League
Against Imperialism, the coordinating body
of all communist Anti Imperialist League
branches throughout the world. (Daily
Worker, Mar. 9-22, 1927). This Congress,
according to Baldwin, "was conceived by
the same Communists and near-Commun-
ists who were active in the International
Workers' Aid, working in close cooperation
with the European representatives of the
Kuomintang party and the Mexican work-
ers."

The AAA.I.Lg.'s first official report
stated that "direct contact with Mexico
was maintained through the visits of Com-
rades Johnstone, Gomez, and Lovestone to
Mexico." Lovestone was then head of the
Communist Party of the U. S. A., called
then the "Workers Party."

Paul Crouch, the Communist convicted
of sedition in Hawaii, has been an active
leader. He issued a manifesto in behalf of
the A.A.A.I.Lg. printed in the Daily
Worker Nov. 2, 1928. Communist Manuel
Gomez, who first headed the A.A.A.I.Lg.
as nat. sec. and acted as active organizer
in 1927, was replaced in 1929 by Wm.
Simons, who is still nat. sec. (1933), and
Communist Scott Nearing became nat.
chmn. The Chicago hdqts. were at 156 W.
Washington St. with the Federated Press
and units were established in large cities
like New York, Chicago, San Francisco,
etc.

Soon after the recent Communist-
fomented Cuban revolution broke out, the
"Daily Worker" headlined "Hands Off
Cuba" and Wm. Simons and a delegation
visited Pres. Roosevelt to protest against
the sending of warships to Cuba (Sept.,
1933). The Mar. 1933 issue of National
Republic reported that about 150 members
of the A.A.A.I.Lg. took part in a demon-

stration of 1,000 Reds in New York City
and paraded before the Chinese consulate
to protest against the imprisonment in
China of a Communist leader Huang Ping.

Members of committees supporting Wash-
ington, D. C. conference of A.A.A.I.Lg.
(Daily Worker, Dec. 14, 1926) were:

Clarence Darrow, Waldo Frank, Scott Nearing,
Frank Weber (pres. Wis. Fed. Labor), Henry Tei-
gan (sec. Minn. Farmer-Lab. Party), R. C. Wiggin
(Asst. City Atty. Mpls.), Albert F. Coyle (ed.
Locomotive Engrs. Journal), Rev. J. H. Holmes,
Robt. W. Dunn, E. G. Flynn (nat. chmn. I. L. D.),
Manuel Gomez, Jac Frederick (Machinists' Un.),
Guy Anderson (Electricians Un.), Ernest Unter-
mann (edtl. writer Milw. Leader), Wm. F. Dunne
(ed. Daily Worker), Paul Jones (Fell. Recon. as-
soc. dir.), Prof. Ellen Hayes (Wellesley Coll.),
H. W. L. Dana, Robt. M. Lovett, Carl Haessler,
Wm. Pickens (N. A. A. C. P.), Dorothy Gary
(chmn. Minn. State Fed. Lab. ed. dept.), John
Stockwell, Arthur Fisher (sec. Emer. For. Pol.
Conf.), Ex-Cong. Clyde M. Tavenner (ed. "Philip-
pine Republic"), Mike Gold (New Masses), V. F.
Calverton (ed. "Modern Quarterly"), Ralph Chap-
lin (I. W. W.), Rev. David Rhys Williams, Eliz.
Glendower Evans, Lucia Ames Mead (W. I. L. P.
F.), Wm. H. Holly, Prof. H. S. Bucklin (Brown
U.), Justine Wise (Yale U. Law Sch.), John F.
Markey (U. of Minn.), "Bishop" Wm. M. Brown,
Cirilo Mavat (Filipino Assn. of Chgo.), Marx
Lewis (sec. to Cong. Victor L. Berger). Lawrence
Todd (Wash. corr. Fed. Press), Rev. Sidney Strong
(Seattle).

The Daily Worker, April 18, 1928, stated
concerning an A.A.A.I.Lg. conference:

"The Conference voted unanimously for the im-
mediate formation of a permanent All-America
Anti-Imperialist League branch to be composed of
the organizations present. The provisional execu-
tive committee with many additional names was
made the permanent executive of the Chicago
League with William H. Holly as chairman, Ray
Koerner as vice-chairman and Harry Cannes as
secretary.

"The complete committee of the Chicago All-
America Anti-Imperialist League is as follows:
Anacleto Almanana, Filipino Association of Chi-
cago; Zonia Baber, chairman, Pan-American Rela-
tions Committee, Women's International League
for Peace and Freedom; John Bielowski, United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Local No.
1367; Clarence Darrow, lawyer and publicist;
Henry Duel, League for Industrial Democracy;
Arthur Fisher, Secretary, Emergency Foreign Policy
Conference; Harry Cannes; A. Cans, Jewish
Marxian Youth Alliance; Alice Hanson, secretary,
Chicago Liberal Club; Sam Herman, Young Work-
ers (Communist) League; Lillian Herstein, Teach-
er's Union; William H. Holly; T. Y. Hu, Sun Yat
Sen Lodge 492 ; Peter Jenson, pres. Machinists
lodge 492; Arnulfo E. Jimenez, Sociedad Mutulista;
Benito Juarez; Ray Koerner, secretary Boilermakers
Lodge 626; Dr. John A. Lapp; Prof. Robert Morss
Lovett, associate editor, New Republic; C. J. Mar-
tell, Chicago Watch and Clock-makers Union;
Walter Rienbold, president, Boilermakers 626; F.
Scriben, Filipino Workers Club; Mordecai Schu1-
man, Workmen's Circle 516; Arne Swabeck, Paint-
ers Union; Otto Wangerin, editor, Railroad Amal-
gamation Advocate; Dr. David Rhys Williams."

The official organ (1933) is "Upsurge"; pub. by
Wm. Simons; editor is Martin Kaye. Hdqts. 90
East 10th St., N. Y. City.

104

The Red Network

The letter-head, 1928, lists:

"Secretary, Manuel Gomez; National Committee:
Clarence Darrow, James H. Maurer, Alexander
Howat, Roger Baldwin, Socrates Sandino, Charlotte
Anita Whitney, H. H. Broach, Lewis S. Gannett,
Harriet Stanton Blatch, Scott Nearing, John Brophy,
William Blewitt, William Mahoney, S. A. Stock-
well, William Z. Foster, Paxton Hibben, W. E. B.
Du Bois, William Pickens, L. J. De Bekker, Louis
F. Budenz, Robert W. Dunn, Albert Weisbord,
Robert Morss Lovett, Arthur Garfield Hays, Pablo
Manlapit, Ben Gold, Anacleto Almanana, Freda
Kirchwey, Lillian Herstein, Hugo Oehler, Max
Schachtman, Harry Cannes, Arthur C. Calhoun,
Fred T. Douglas, Ernest Untermann, William F.
Dunne, Harriet Silverman, Eduardo Machado, P.
T. Lau. National office, United States Section —
39 Union Square, New York City."

The International League Against Im-
perialism, the parent organization, has
branches in all parts of the world and is
Moscow's agency for spreading revolution-
ary doctrines among colonial peoples. It
urges those still primitive peoples who are
now united with and defended by strong
civilizing powers such as the U.S., England,
Holland and France, to throw off "foreign
imperialism" in order that they may more
easily be captured piecemeal for Moscow
imperialism — an imperialism which by
comparison with the modern, liberal, so-
called "imperialism" of the nations it
attacks is like a penitentiary reform school
compared with a Montessori Kindergarten
(where freedom of "self expression" for
each little personality is the rule). It not
only urges the Philippines to break away
from United States "imperialism," and
Latin America to throw off the Monroe
Doctrine, but it tries to persuade the citizens
of all ruling countries that civilizing and
keeping order in savage countries is brutal
bullying "imperialism" on the part of their
governments and that they should urge
their governments to keep "Hands Off"
regardless of danger to the lives or property
of other nationals. Communist sympa-
thizers naturally help this propaganda
along.

Willi Muenzenberg, German Communist,
has been its head or international secretary.
Bertrand Russell has been head of the Eng-
lish section and Henri Barbusse, French
Communist, head of the French section.
Albert Einstein, Mme. Sun Yat Sen
(China), Upton Sinclair, Willi Muenzen-
berg, Maxim Gorki (U.S.S.R.), Sen. Kata-
yama, artist Diego Rivera (then mem.
cent. com. Communist Party of Mexico),
Prof. Wm. Pickens, James Maxton of Eng-
land, with various Negro and Asiatic Com-
munist leaders from all parts of the world
were photographed and featured as mem-
bers of the League presidium and leaders

of the Leagues' Anti-Imperialist World
Congress held at Frankfort-on-Main, July
20, 1929, by the Communist organ "Illus-
trierte Arbeiter Zeitung" (of Berlin)
(reproduced also in Hartley's "T.N.T.").

The World Congress against War (Am-
sterdam 1932), U.S. Congress against War,
Student Congress against War (see) and
their various off-shoots — Anti-War Com-
mittees, etc., etc., are controlled by the
League Against Imperialism and its various
leaders. See its Intl., American and Chi-
cago Committees for Struggle Against War,
Hands Off Committees, Mexican Propa-
ganda.

ALL WORLD GANDHI FELLOWSHIP

Headed, since 1929, as president, by John
Haynes Holmes; a radical pacifist organ-
ization upholding "pacifist" Gandhi, whose
agitations resulting in strikes, murder and
violence, are so useful to Moscow; closely
related to the Threefold Movement — Union
of East and West, League of Neighbors
and Fellowship of Faiths (see) ; sponsors
"Fellowship Center," opened 1933 as a
"House of Retreat" for pacifists under the
management of Wm. H. Bridge, at Crow
Hill Road, near Mt. Kisco, New York.

AMALGAMATED BANKS

Of New York and Chicago, operated by
the Amalgamated Cloth. Workers Unions;
agents for Soviet American Securities
Corp., which sells bonds of the Soviet
government.

AMALGAMATED CLOTHING

WORKERS OF AMERICA
Amalg. Cloth. Wkrs. of Am.

A pro-Soviet labor union of about
100,000 members organized, according to
Jane Addams' book, at Hull House; "Like
all other subversive organizations its tac-
tics are those of the class struggle. Its
ultimate object is to take possession of the
industry. It has gained control of the
clothing industry in the State of N.Y. and
in many other of the industrial centers"
(Lusk Report) ; formed by Socialist dele-
gates, excluded because of extreme radical-
ism from the A.F. of L. United Garment
Workers Union convention Oct. 1914, who
then constituted themselves a separate
organization under Sidney Hillman, using
the same name until legal action by the
United Garment Workers forced them to
choose a new name, Dec. 1914; formed
Russian-American Industrial Corp. to aid
and finance clothing industry in Russia;

Organizations, Etc.

105

celebrate the Communist Labor Day — May
1 (A.F. of L.'s is in Sept.) ; predominantly
Jewish; anti-American during the war;
closely affiliated with Amalg. Textile Wkrs.
and Intl. Ladies Garm. Wkrs.; official
organ "Advance." Hdqts. address: Jos.
Schlossberg, 11 Union Square, N.Y. (See
Intl. Ladies Garment Wkrs.) ; joined with
A.F. of L. 1933.

AMALGAMATED CLOTHING
WORKERS INDUSTRIAL UNION
A Communist labor union; part of
T.U.U.L.

AMALGAMATED TEXTILE
WORKERS OF AMERICA
Amalg. Textile Wkrs.

"An industrial union under the domi-
nation of the Socialist Party and having
a revolutionary objective is the Amalg.
Textile Wkrs. of Am. This organization is
an outgrowth of the Lawrence, Mass, strike
in 1919, which was promoted and assisted
by the Amalg. Cloth. Wkrs. of Am. The
relationship therefore ... is very close . . .
the principal agent sent there for that pur-
pose was Paul Blanshard" (pp. 947, 951,
Lusk Report) . "Wm. Z. Foster attended the
first Congress of the Red Trade Union
Intl., at Moscow, in June 1921, as a repre-
sentative of the Amalg. Textile Wkrs. of
Am." (Whitney's "Reds in Am.")

AM.-DERUTRA TRANSPORT
CORPORATION

Official Soviet shipping agency; trans-
port agents of Amtorg.

AMERICAN ANTI-BIBLE

SOCIETY, INC.

Organized by 4A; Mr. Recht, who
attended to the papers of incorporation,
was the legal representative of the Soviet
Govt. in this country (see N.Y. Herald-
Tribune, Aug. 3, 1927); officers: pres.,
James I. Elliott; vice pres., O. H. Bailey;
nat. sec., Wm. S. Bryan. It announces:
"The object of the Am. Anti-Bible Soc. is
to discredit the Bible. The budget for the
first year calls for $83,000. Headquarters
for Anti-Biblical Literature: If it's against
the Bible we have it. Catalogue free on
request"; 119 East 14th St., N.Y.C.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
ADVANCEMENT OF ATHEISM (4A)

"The Fool hath said in his heart, There
is no God." But the 4A, whose slogan is

"Kill the Beast" (religion), says: "To Hell
with compromise — The 4A is here to ensure
a complete job in the wrecking of religion.
. . . Killing the Beast is rough work and
those who are afraid of its claws might at
least keep quiet. We shall ignore their wail-
ings. We offer no apology for our tactics.
We sneer and jeer at religion and shall con-
tinue doing so until it is laughed out of
existence. . . . The supernatural does not
exist. There is no God. Religion deserves
no more respect than a pile of garbage.
It must be destroyed."

Beneath this article on "Tactics" in the
1929 Official Report of the 4A, appears
the picture of the misguided youth, then
national secretary of the Junior Atheist
League of the 4 A, who has now returned
to Christianity^Albert Dehner Bell. He
tells me how he was drawn into Atheism
and Communism by propagandists planted
in the very Seminary in which he was
studying for the ministry.

A severe automobile accident which
brought him to death's door and long
semi-consciousness seemed also to bring to
him the guilty consciousness of what he
was doing.

From Mar. 1929 to July 1931, he served
as nat. sec. of the Junior Atheist League
of the 4A, at the same time acting as N.Y.
sec. of the Young Communist League
under his Communist Party name (his
own spelled backwards) of L. R. Trebla.
During that time, he met many "Christian"
ministers and others on the friendly terms
of fellow opponents of Christ. ( !) His
note book, kept to jot down the affiliations
of office callers and correspondents, con-
tains names which if published with proof
should blow the lid off of certain Church
organizations. He was shocked even before
his conversion, he says, when a high official
of the Federal Council of Churches (now
serving openly on a communistic com-
mittee) came in to his office and gave
him, as secretary, a $50 donation for atheist
Communist camps.

He tells me that the 4A while main-
taining its public offices and Atheist Book
Store at 307 E. 14th St., N.Y.C., also
maintains six floors of offices with unlet-
tered doors at 347 Madison Ave.; that it
has about 3,000 actual members, about
500,000 contributors, and had an income
of $2,200,000 in 1931, its official report of
around $15,000 being the accounting only
of its New York funds, as required of New
York corporations. The 4A was incor-
porated in New York in 1925.

106

The Red Network

MISSIONARY WORK

In conjunction with the World Union of
Atheists, which it helped to form at Mos-
cow 1931, it maintains atheist missionaries
in various countries. The official 4A Re-
ports say: "New Years day 1927 was sig-
nalized by the sailing of our first foreign
representative. On that day Mr. Edwin
Bergstrom, who had organized a branch
in British Columbia, left New York to
spread the 4 A message in Sweden. A dele-
gation was at the pier to see him off."
The work of Chen Tsai Ting, 365 Hennessy
Road, Hong Kong, and of Felix Borbon,
director of the Spanish division, is also
commented upon. The 1928 Report says:
"We have established the Confederacion
Americana del Ateismo with hdqts. in
Mexico City. Nanni Leone Costelli, a man
of extraordinary ability, already has done
much in advancing Atheism. He is now
organizing branches in all Central and
South American countries. His address is
Apartado Postal 1065, Mexico D. F., Mex-
ico." . . . "We are pleased to have as a
member Prof. Alphonse A. Herrera of
Mexico City, director of Biological Studies
of the Republic of Mexico and in charge
of the National Museum. He has under
his supervision a chimpanzee nearly old
enough to be utilized in a hybridization
experiment." (With a human, being).
Elsewhere in the same Report: "To
demonstrate the truth of Evolution and
particularly to prove the kinship of man
and ape a fund has been started to hybrid-
ize the two by artificial fecundation. Mr.
Geo. T. Smith has opened the fund with
a $100 contribution."

SOCIETIES FORMED

These official Reports point with pride
to the formation of many "Damned Souls
Societies," "Liberal clubs," "Truth Seekers
Societies," in high schools and colleges all
over the U.S. The 1928 Report says its
first "Damned Souls Society" was organized
at Rochester University (N.Y.). The
Junior Atheist League for high school stu-
dents was established with many branches
in 1927-8. The 4A divides the United
States into areas. Each area has a director
who is supposed to organize nuclei in
schools of his area. The photo of Robert
Conine, of Tulsa, appears in the 1930 re-
port, for example, as director of the Fifth
Area.

Elated reports are made of the formation
also of such sex and blasphemy societies
as: the Thespian Society, an actors' guild,

"to offset the Actors' Guild, a Catholic
society"; Church Taxation League: "We
must either tax ecclesiastical possessions or
confiscate them"; Conception Control So-
ciety, to "Conduct an aggressive propa-
ganda for the repeal of Section 211 of the
U.S. Penal Code and similar laws in 24
States. . . . The next great battle will be
for the elimination of venereal disease and
greater sex freedom of which the Church
has been and is the greatest enemy. . . .
Free prophylactic stations should be main-
tained in every city. Scientific sex instruc-
tion should be given in every high school.
There is ample room for another organ-
ization opposed to ecclesiastical bigotry
concerning sex."

The Feb. 1928 Report stated: "The
greatest achievement of the year was the
founding in August by the officers of the
Assn., together with other leading anti-
religionists, of the American Anti-Bible
Society. This new organization . . . has
made a good beginning, and under the
leadership of Tennessee's Grand Old Man,
Wm. S. Bryan, historian and humorist,
should soon make a laughing stock of the
Christian fetish book, causing people to
smile whenever it is named."; "Atheist
Training School: The national office has
established in New York a training school
with meetings for the present once a week.
Young men and women and boys and
girls are given practise in public speaking
. . . "; "Foreign Language Groups have
been organized among the non-English
speaking groups, such as the Russian,
Lithuanian, Bohemian, which hold regular
meetings."

Virtually all branches conduct Forums,
say the Reports; one at Communist Party
hdqts. (see Red Army), 224 S. Spring St.,
Los A., Cal., having held meetings since
1925. One of the best known of the Inger-
soll Forums is in New York, "meeting in
Pythian Temple (70th St., East of Broad-
way) Sunday evenings the year round";
"The Atheist Society of Chicago under the
direction of Mr. James E. Even ran two
weekly forums during the past season."
(One at Communist Party local hdqts.,
357 W. Chicago Ave.) "Regular meetings
(Open Air) were held almost every week-
day evening along Broadway (N.Y.) with
a battery of speakers including Messrs.
Smith, Teller, Bedborough, Murphy, Blan-
chet, Wright, Mieler, Portal, Goldberg,
Kewish, Goldsmith, Sklaroff, Peiser and
others." (May 1932 Report).

Phonograph records of parodies on

Organizations, Etc.

107

hymns, atheist words to the tune of the
International, etc. are made for the 4A
and distributed by them. A gold "A"
within a red five-pointed star on a back-
ground of blue was adopted as the official
4 A insignia in 1931.

ATHEIST AIDS

The A.C.L.U. is frequently mentioned as
suing in behalf of, or cooperating with, the
4A in suits. In the Anthony Bimba case
(Communist Party functionary tried for
blasphemy), the Garland Fund, A.C.L.U.,
and 4A all cooperated in his defense.

The Socialist Debs Memorial Radio
Station (W.E.V.D.) fittingly proved itself
a true friend of Atheism, according to the
Apr. 1929 Report: "We have outwitted
the bigots and now broadcast regularly
over Station W.E.V.D., New York (231.0-
1300 K.C.), Saturdays, 6 P.M. The recent
increase in this station enables us to reach
a much larger audience. Because of our
sending Atheism over the air through its
transmitting plant, Franklin Ford of Sta-
tion W.H.A.P. terminated his contract with
Station W.E.V.D., which now has its own
plant." The June 1930 Report says: "Mr.
Kenneth Blanchet is the official broad-
caster for the Association over Radio Sta-
tion W.E.V.D., New York."

ATHEIST LITERATURE

"Tons of tracts" are sent out. The June
1930 Report says: "At the last printing
of leaflets and folders, a total of 300,000
copies was run off. Previous to that and
during the year 1929 we had printed 50,000
copies of 'Uncle Sams Mistress' " (the
Church), "100,000 copies of 'Read With-
out Fear,' 20,000 copies of 'What is
Religion?'" 110,000 copies of "The Bible
in Balance" were sold. "Most of this
literature is sold to members and friends
at cost or less than cost and by them given
away. . . . Now that we have a ground
floor store on one of the city's busiest
streets a considerable number of leaflets
and folders is given away each day to
passersby who are invited by a large sign
to help themselves."

Atheist literature specializes in obscen-
ity. The title of an article in the Apr.
1929 Report is "The Cohabitation of
Church and State." "Uncle Sam's Mis-
tress," the leaflet mentioned above, says
in part: "The Church calls herself the
bride of Christ. But as he does not sup-
port her, she is forced into dishonorable
relations. This kept woman of the State
is supposed to repay those from whom

the State collects money by looking after
their morals. But what is the conduct of
the Church worth as a moral example?
We might as well hire one of those females
called gold-diggers to train our daughters
in virtue."

The same Report reprints from its 4A
organ "Truthseeker" two items which had
aroused opposition from a minister. One,
an obscene birth control suggestion for
government supervised prostitutes, another
a "Holy Ghost joke" which is typical of
the atheist anti-religious literature of Jos.
Lewis and his ilk: "A very pious young
lady had died and had gained admittance
into heaven. Saint Peter took her around
and presented her to God, Christ and
various other notables. Being left alone,
she strolled around and admired the scen-
ery, but noticed she was being followed
by a very small, mean looking fellow, who
kept bowing to her and was evidently try-
ing to 'pick her up.' Much alarmed, she
ran back to St. Peter, told him what had
happened, and asked him who this little
fellow could be. Looking up and seeing
who it was, Peter replied: 'Oh, that's the
Holy Ghost, but we don't introduce him
to ladies since he had that little affair with
the Virgin Mary.'" This draws a picture
which reminds one of the blasphemous
Soviet cartoons of Christ and the Holy
Ghost which fill Russian Churches (see
Proletarian Party).
BEFRIENDING BLASPHEMY AND COMMUNISM

Under the heading "Hypocrites Howl
About Russia," the June 1930 Report tells
how President Smith of the 4A, in defense
of Soviet Russia's persecution of Chris-
tians, addressed an audience of 15,000 at
the N.Y. Coliseum, Mar. 16, 1930.

"The First Annual Trial of God— A
Blamegiving Service held in New York
Nov. 26, 1931, under the auspices of the
4A, Inc., on the assumption for the day
only that God exists. Blamegiving Day
has been officially established by the Asso-
ciation as a day of protest against Thanks-
giving services. ... It is hoped and ex-
pected many such services will be held
in each State of the Union next Blame-
giving Day and in coming years until
Thanksgiving is abandoned." A parody of
the Lord's Prayer to be said in unison
follows and a Modern Doxology of nu-
merous verses beginning: "Blame God
from whom all cyclones blow, Blame
Him when rivers overflow, Blame Him who
swirls down house and steeple, who sinks
the ship and drowns the people," and
ending: "For clergy who with hood and

108

The Red Network

bell, Demand your cash or threaten hell,
Blame God for earthquake shocks, and
then, Let all men cry aloud, 'Amen.' "

The report of the mock trial for 1931
follows, in which God is called "Public
Enemy No. 1." Woolsey Teller opened
it saying: "I am sorry to announce that
God cannot be with us this afternoon . . .
as there is a law in N.Y. state against his
personal appearance on the platform. His
son, Jesus, is absent also — peacefully being
digested in the stomachs of those pious
persons who ate him this morning at early
mass. We can picture Jesus today as being
mixed up with turkey and cranberry
sauce"; etc., etc. A verdict of guilty was
rendered against God for his malevolence
and another such trial was held 1932.
"When recently the Ingersoll Forum, our
N.Y. branch, announced that in a lecture
by Mr. Woolsey Teller on ' Crazy Jesus'
the Atheist would impersonate the New
Testament character, the more clearly to
demonstrate the absurdities of his actions
and teaching, we were warned by our
lawyer that representation of the deity of
a religious sect is prohibited in this State."
(1930 Report).

CHRISTIAN SERMONS FROM ATHEISTS

There is much food for thought on the
part of Christians in the following dis-
sertations taken from 4A Reports on the
"Church Drift to Atheism." Ironically
enough, they are powerful sermons — from
Atheists.

"The religious forces have cause for
alarm. Divided by internal strife, they
possess neither the power nor the courage
to expel heretics. Christians cannot agree
upon anything except their name. Protes-
tantism is breaking up, and whenever its
adherents attempt to cooperate with
Catholics they get a slap in the face."

Atheism in America today may be
likened unto a huge iceberg, of which the
visible peak is but a small part of the
submerged mountain.

"Churches are becoming secular, preach-
ing anything except the oldtime orthodox
religion. They are becoming social centers
with just enough of nominal religion to
escape taxation. Sermons on books are
more popular than those on the barbaric
doctrine of the Atonement. The Clergy-
men are bewildered. They do not know
what to preach. Evolution explodes their
doctrines. They are declining in number
and quality. Church leaders now even
oppose missionizing the Jews, thereby con-
fessing, in effect, that Christianity is only
a religion, not the religion."

"The clergy are so honeycombed with
heretics that they are powerless to expel
known heretics. The only real cleavage is
between the Modernists and Fundamental-
ists. They cannot force the issue in their
conventions and they dare not withdraw
from the denominations. Most college
graduates are godless. The number of
churches is increasing in which the mono-
logue called prayer is omitted." (Apr.
1929.)

"The spread of Atheism was never faster.
It is not measured by the growth of Atheist
groups but by the decline of religious
belief as a controlling factor in the lives
of men. The drift of the age is away
from religion." (Is this the "falling away"
and "spiritual wickedness in high places"
prophesied for the era before Armaged-
don?)

"This loss of faith causes consternation
among the Orthodox, who are powerless
to arrest the movement. The reconcilers,
the Liberals and the Modernists — are
heroically saving the ship of Christianity
by throwing her cargo overboard. With
what zeal the Fosdicks, the Matthews and
the whole crew of rescuers toss out, first
the Garden of Eden and the Flood, fol-
lowed by the Virgin Birth, Atonement,
and the Resurrection. Then they gain a
victory by getting rid of Hell and Heaven
and of the Devil and God, tho with much
ado they keep the name of the last. They
may save the vessel of ecclesiasticism, but
how long will man sail the seas in an
empty ship? They will go ashore and
enjoy life with the Atheists. We wel-
come the aid of the Modernists and pledge
them our fullest cooperation in ridding the
world of Fundamentalism — of any serious
acceptance of Christian theology."

"The supreme literary honor was con-
ferred last year upon an avowed Atheist,
when the Nobel Prize was given to Sin-
clair Lewis, author of 'Main Street' and
'Elmer Gantry' ... a terrific indictment
of evangelical religion." (Apr. 1931
Report).

"There is much Atheism in the Church.
Heresy is rampant among the clergy, a few
of whom openly express their rejection
of religious dogma, without fear of expul-
sion. Even the Methodist Church now
tolerates clergymen, such as the Rev.
James Hardy Bennett of N.Y., who preach
that Jesus was physically the son of
Joseph and Mary, who told the Virgin
story to shield themselves." (Feb. 1928)
"... Why do these men stay in the pulpit?
Some of them must stay or starve. They

Organizations, Etc.

109

know no trade. Among them are Atheists
and even members of the 4A." A letter
is then quoted from an atheist minister
wishing to leave the ministry with this
comment: "If any member or friend will
contribute $200 for the special purpose of
freeing this prisoner of the pulpit, the 4A
will liberate him and announce his name."

"Most denominational schools are hot-
beds of heresy, as it is impossible for any
educational institution to maintain any
degree of dignity without teaching Evo-
lution which inevitably undermines religion.
These schools, even when controlled by
Fundamentalists, are often compelled to
employ Infidels, who are hypocrites from
necessity. Members of the 4A are teach-
ing in Catholic and Fundamentalist Col-
leges."

"The growth of what is called Human-
ism, together with the establishment of a
few churches and societies for its propa-
gation, caused considerable discussion dur-
ing the year. However much Humanists,
for reasons of expediency shun the title
'Atheist,' they are Godless. Consequently,
we welcome their aid in overthrowing
Christianity, and all other religions based
on the supernatural." (June 1930 Report).

"There is a marked increase in the use
of the word Atheist to designate the
opponent of religion. The change is for
the better. Atheist is the logical title for
whoever has no god. Formerly for weighty
reasons the titles of Liberal, Rationalist
and Freethinker were adopted because of
their uncertainty of meaning. . . . Under
cover timid Atheists are helping to under-
mine religion by demanding a new con-
cept of God. These critics profess to be
searching for the true God. They might
as well search for the true witch or a
true hobgoblin."

"Modernism is unworthy of serious
notice. It is intellectual mush, a disgusting
mass of figurative language. . . . The down-
fall of Christianity is presaged by the
passing of Hell which inevitably drags
Heaven with it, since the two have the
same foundation. If the one is figurative,
so is the other."

"Much as we dislike Modernists because
of their illogical compromising, we must
recognize that for many Modernism is but
a stopover on the road to Atheism. Per-
haps we should have a little more patience
with these our weaker brothers who are
unable to go straight from Orthodoxy to
Atheism without resting at the camps of
Liberalism along the way. Modernism be-
ing no abiding place for a reasoning mind,

some of them will yet arrive. For the
present we should train our guns prin-
cipally on such religious standpatters as
the Roman Catholic Church and the
Protestant hotbeds of Fundamentalism.
The American Tract Society deserves spe-
cial attention."

"The Modernists seem to attack Atheism
only to screen their own unbelief. No
better proof of our contention that the
Church is losing ground can be given than
that the Modernists are now in control of
all the larger Protestant denominations
and, working from the inside, discredit
the basic teachings of Christianity in the
name Christianity. ... we now hear of
that absurdity, 'a creedless faith' — of per-
sons who believe, without believing any-
thing. Thus Christianity slowly dissolves.
But the good work of Modernists not only
does not lessen the need of Atheist propa-
ganda ... the Advance Guard is always
the most important unit in the army. We
must continue to lead the way." (June
1933 Report).

"The Ten Demands of the 4A:
(1) Taxation of church property. (2) Elimi-
nation of chaplains and sectarian institutions from
public pay rolls. (3) Abrogation of laws enforcing
Christian morals and restricting the rights of Athe-
ists. (4) Abolition of the oath in courts and at
inaugurations. (5) Non-issuance of religious proc-
lamations by chief executives. (6) Removal of 'In
God We Trust' from coins and the cross from
above the flag. (7) Exclusion of the Bible as a
sacred book from the public schools. (8) Sup-
pression of the bootlegging of religion through dis-
missing pupils from religious instructions during
school hours. (9) Secularization of marriage, with
divorce upon request. (10) Repeal of anti-evo-
lution and anti-birth-control laws."

"The Five Fundamentals of Atheism:
(1) Materialism: The doctrine that Matter,
with its indwelling property, Force, constitutes the
reality of the universe. (2) Sensationalism: The
doctrine that all ideas arise out of sensation, and
that, therefore, man can have no conception of
an infinite God, or of ultimate causation, or that
absolute moral imperative which certain philoso-
phers have made the foundation of Theism. (3)
Evolution: The doctrine that organisms are not
designed, but have evolved, mechanically, through
Natural Selection. (4) The existence of Evil: The
patent fact that renders irrational the belief in a
beneficent, omnipotent being who cares for man.
(5) Hedonism: The doctrine that happiness here
and now should be the motive of conduct."

The Report of May 1932 (officers same
in 1933) lists:

Officers: Pres., Chas. Smith, Vice Pres., Woolsey
Teller; Gen. Sec., Freeman Hopwood; Treas.,
Freda Rettig; Board of Directors: O. H. Bailey,
Ohio; Geo. Bedborough, N.Y.; Wm. S. Bryan,
Mo.; Louis J. Bergson, Pa.; Felix Borbon, Mich.;
John A. Bremner, Wash.; Ira D. Cardiff, Wash.;
Stanley J. Clark, Okla.; J. Howard Cummins,
Tex.; N. Louis Dorion, N.Y.; Mary E. Elliott,
N.Y.; Howell S. England, Mich.; James E. Even,

110

The Red Network

NATIONAL COMMITTll
CMAILIS F. AumoH
HAUT Eum B**NOi
HKWUT S. BKILOW
EDWIN M. BOCCNACD
RiCMAto C CAMY
JOHNS. COMIAN

Sfxerh

AttenMtgt

JOHN D^wrn
JAMU H. DiLLAto
ROUIT W. DUNN

EUZAMTH GiXMDowra EVAN*
JOHN F. F::ai«T»

EuXAMTH GUILKV FlVW
W»LTBH FtANK
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JOHN HAVND HOLV»
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JOHN A.Uw
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AITHUI LcSutu*
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MABY E McDovELL

Hirnr R. Munav
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WALTM NELLBS
WILLIAM L. NUNM
JUUA & OtToNNOt PA»M«

AMOI PINCHOT
JIAHMBTTI RAMUM
EOVAW A. ROM

JOHN A. RTAN
JOMH N.VIH SATM
WILLIAM SCABUTTT
Jo»tpM SCMLOSSOSWS
VIDA D. Scuoon
AMA HU.LB. Sitvn
JOHN F.

No«4AN M. THOUAI
EDWAU> D. TiTIMANW
MILL* R. T«UM»WU.
WM.UAM S. (JRw
OCWALO GAUIMN
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American Civil Liberties Union

100 Fifth Avenue. New York City

February 27, 1932.

orrtcEu

Ch*t
HAM. F. WAU

Hiuw PH«Li>f STOCM
JAUBJ R MAum

FMMONTOlMDI

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Roan N. BALDWIN
FOMMT BAILBT

CMM!

ABTMUI GAIFULD HAV*
Mon»L.E«Mr

Ktttach Sttrtttn
l.ucn-u B. MILND

To the members of the Senate and
House Immigration Committees.

Gentlemen:

We send you herewith a pamphlet in
regard to a bill pending before you intended
to carry into effect the opinion of Chief Just-
ice Hughos in st case recently decided, 5 to 4,
by the U.S. Supreme Court. Justice Hughes'
opinion is set out almost in full.

We trust that the proposed change
in the law in accordance with Justice Hughes'
opinion may have your support.

Very truly yours,

yr*

EDMUND D. CAMPDIUL

Attvnr,! -mj rerrtipom.
Jtntt m ItfJing ciiin

Cheirnan

JHH/IE
Enc.

Facsimile of a letter typical of constant efforts of A.C.L.U. to influence legislation favored by radicals.
Signed by John Haynes Holmes, acting Chairman while Harry F. Ward was in Russia. Note names of

National Committee and Officers.

Organizations, Etc.

Ill

III.; Linn Gale, B.C.; E. Haldeman-Julius, Kans.
Robt. F. Hester, S.C.; John T. Kewish, N.Y.
Geo. T. Marclay, N.Y.; Philip G. Peabody, Mass.
M. A. Stolar, 111.; Walter Van Nostrand, N.Y.
Clark H. Yater, N.Y. Organ: "Truthseeker," 49
Vesey St., N.Y.; 4A Hdqts. 307 E. 14th St.,
N.Y. City.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
LABOR LEGISLATION

Am. Assn. Lab. Legis.

"There are doubtless many people who
have contributed to the support of the
Am. Assn. Lab. Legis. who are far above
the charge of consciously desiring the suc-
cess of a subversive movement. If we
subtract these . . . there remains a large
number who are prominently connected
with the radical movement and in some
instances indirectly with the Communist
Party of America. ... It beseeches legis-
lators for the adoption ©f social insurance
by the state. To it we owe the present
workmen's compensation laws which are on
the statute books of the various states.
Compulsory health insurance is a part of
its legislative program. . . . 'En passant'
it should be said that these measures were
born of revolutionary Socialism in the dec-
ade following 1860. The effect of its
adoption means a lightening of responsibil-
ity on the part of labor in the maintenance
of a healthy, well balanced society, and
quick adaptation of the working classes to
the idea of dependency on the state.
Samuel Gompers, at one time a member of
the Am. Assn. Lab. Legis., resigned, repu-
diating all its words and works. Social
insurance legislation is class legislation and
socialistic. . . . Among its conspicuous offi-
cials are or have been in the past such
well known radicals as Mrs. Raymond
Robins, organizer and pres. Worn. Tr. Un.
Lg. . . . her associates Miss Agnes Nestor
and Miss Mary Anderson; the Rev. John
Haynes Holmes, the radical pacifist, and
his friend and co-worker Stephen S. Wise;
Owen Lovejoy . . . Miss Lillian Wald . . .
Miss Jane Addams . . . and a host of others
of like thought. In general there is a
mutual sympathy for the objects which
this class of organizations desire to attain,
an Interlocking personnel in the director-
ates, and programs which dovetail into
each other that suggest common inspiration
and mutual financial resources. They pre-
sent the appearance of a united front, and
might be deemed the shock troops of an
insinuating army of borers, whose province
it is to wedge ignorant inertia aside and
make room for advancing Communism.
To call such organizations 'socialistic' as

opposed to communistic is in reality a dis-
tinction without a difference. These sys-
tems differ in degree and not in principle."
(Whitney's "Reds in America," p. 182);
similar to A.A. for O.A.S.; hdqts.: John
B. Andrews, 131 East 23rd St., N.Y.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
OLD AGE SECURITY

AA. for O.A.S.

Organized to promote old age pensions
at the expense of state and nation, among
the immediate objectives of the Socialist
program which aims ultimately to put
every possible human activity, as well as
all property, under state (political) con-
trol. (See Am. Assn. Lab. Legis.) Officers
1931: pres., Bishop Francis J. McConnell;
exec, sec., Abraham Epstein; treas., Nicholas
Kelley; exec, com.: Eliz. Gilman, Agnes
Brown Leach, Mary K. Sinkovitch,
Stephen S. Wise; vice presidents: Jane
Addams, Herbert S. Bigelow, Edw. T.
Devine, Glenn Frank, John A. Lapp, James
H. Maurer, Wm. A. Neilson, I. M. Rub-
inow, John A. Ryan; hdqts.: Abraham
Epstein, 22 East 17th St., N.Y.

AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL
LEAGUE

Interaligns with the atheist movement;
cooperates with other radical groups; aid-
ed by Garland Fund; pres., Margaret San-
ger.

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
A.C.L.U.

"FREE SPEECH"

"Your actions speak so loud I can't
hear what you say!" said Ralph Waldo
Emerson, and this quotation exactly fits
the A.C.L.U., which says it is a non-com-
munist organization interested only in
maintaining the rights of "free speech, free
press and free assembly as guaranteed by
the Constitution of the U.S." while drown-
ing out its words by its actions. Any
one who has taken the trouble to investi-
gate what the A.C.L.U. is and does, knows
that it is directed by Communist and So-
cialist revolutionary leaders and their sym-
pathizers, and that it works untiringly to
further and legally protect the interests of
the Red movement in all of its branches —
Red strikes, Atheism, sex freedom, disarm-
ament, seditious "academic freedom," de-
portation and exclusion of Reds, rioting,
etc., constantly supporting and cooperating
with Moscow's open legal defense agency,

112

The Red Network

the I.L.D., for this purpose. It plays the
"white collar" role in the movement.

One is amused at the A.C.L.U. high-
brow appeals, its constant cries for un-
limited "freedom of speech" for Reds "as
guaranteed by the Constitution," which
the Reds aim to destroy, while at the same
time it is suing for libel, patriotic anti-
Red defenders of this Constitution who
make comparatively petty criticisms of its
own members.

The sort of "freedom of speech" defended
by the A.C.L.U. seems to cover the Red's
right to conduct a libelous, obscene, and
seditious press against our American gov-
ernment and its loyal supporters, the right
to not only advocate sedition, violence and
murder but to commit these deeds as well,
for after a Red commits these crimes the
A.C.L.U. redoubles its efforts to secure his
release. The statement of Tom McKenna,
a busy little spectator at Communist riots
and secretary of the Chicago A.C.L.U.,
that the Chicago Committee had devoted
one day a week and reviewed some 1300
cases, practically all Communist, in Cook
County during 1932, taking part of these
cases up with Police Commissioner Allman
and filing suit in behalf of some, would
indicate a more than mere theoretical
interest in "free speech" on the part of the
A.C.L.U. It is impossible to believe that
A.C.L.U. bureaus and lawyers all over the
United States are maintained at great
expense for the purpose of fighting count-
less legal battles in behalf of Reds merely
because of a love for defending "free
speech" for everyone including "those with
whose opinions we disagree," particularly
in view of the A.C.L.U. petty libel suits
against Anti-Reds who actually dare to
disagree with the A.C.L.U.

The U.S. Fish Report says: "During the
Gastonia strike there was a bloody con-
flict between the communist-led workers
and the police, in which the chief of police
was shot and killed and two of his
assistants wounded. Seven communists
were sentenced to long terms in prison. . . .
During the trial of the communists at
Gastonia, not for freedom of speech, of
the press, or assembly, but for conspiracy
to kill the chief of police, the A.C.L.U.
provided bail for five of the defendants,
amounting to $28,500, which it secured
from the Garland Fund. All of the defend-
ants convicted jumped their bail and are
reported to be in Russia. The $28,500 bail
was forfeited, including $9,000 more ad-
vanced by the International Labor De-
fense" (Communist),

Chief Aderholt was murdered by the
Communists and the murder was planned
three days before the event, yet the 1929-
30 A.C.L.U. Report jauntily and brazenly
says: "The only violence by strikers oc-
curred in a shooting affray on the strikers'
lot in Gastonia in which Chief of Police
Aderholt of Gastonia was killed and one
policeman and one striker were wounded;
and at Marion where a few strikers were
caught dynamiting private property with-
out however injuring any person" (A mere
trifle, of course, compared to bloody Red
revolution). And this same Report adds
with pride: "The Civil Liberties Union
was active from the beginning of the
trouble in the cases both at Marion and
Gastonia."

The N.Y. State Lusk Report says: "The
American Civil Liberties Union, in the last
analysis, is a supporter of all subversive
movements; its propaganda is detrimental
to the State. It attempts not only to pro-
tect crime but to encourage attacks upon
our institutions in every form." To this
indictment, based upon barrels of incon-
testable documentary proof, the A.C.L.U.
leaders blithely answer: "O! the Lusk
Report is discredited" (by the A.C.L.U.).
Asked for proof, they have and offer none.
Financed by the Red Garland Fund, the
Reds campaigned while patriots slept and
secured the repeal of the N.Y. State Crimi-
nal Syndicalism Law which had been spon-
sored by the Lusk Committee and since
that repeal N.Y. has become one of the
great centers of World revolutionary activ-
ity. South American Communist work is
controlled from N.Y. Meetings of 22,000
Reds are held in N.Y. City nowadays.

The U.S. Committee appointed by the
71st Congress to investigate Communist
Propaganda, headed by Hon. Hamilton
Fish, officially reported Jan. 1931: "The
A.C.L.U. is closely affiliated with the com-
munist movement in the United States,
and fully 90% of its efforts are on behalf
of communists who have come into conflict
with the law. It claims to stand for free
speech, free press, and free assembly; but
it is quite apparent that the main func-
tion of the A.C.L.U. is to attempt to pro-
tect the communists in their advocacy of
force and violence to overthrow the gov-
ernment, replacing the American flag by
a red flag and erecting a Soviet Govern-
ment in place of the republican form of
government guaranteed to each State by
the Federal Constitution."

"Roger N. Baldwin, its guiding spirit,
makes no attempt to hide his friendship

Organizations, Etc.

113

for the communists and their principles. He
was formerly a member of the I.W.W. and
served a term in prison as a draft dodger
during the war. This is the same Roger N.
Baldwin that has recently issued a state-
ment 'that in the next session of Congress
our job is to organize the opposition to
the recommendations of the Congressional
Committee investigating communism.' In
his testimony before the Committee he ad-
mitted having said at a dinner in Chicago
that 'the Fish Committee recommendations
will be buried in the Senate.' " (And they
have been, and are!)

"Testifying on force and violence, mur-
der, etc. the following is quoted: The
chairman: Does your organization uphold
the right of a citizen or alien — it does not
make any difference which — to advocate
murder? Mr. Baldwin: Yes. The Chair-
man: Or Assassination ? Mr. Baldwin:
Yes. The Chairman: Does your organ-
ization uphold the right of an American
citizen to advocate force and violence for
the overthrow of the Government? Mr.
Baldwin: Certainly; in so far as mere
advocacy is concerned. The Chairman:
Does it uphold the right of an alien in
this country to urge the overthrow and
advocate the overthrow of the Govern-
ment by force and violence? Mr. Baldwin:
Precisely on the same basis as any citizen.
The Chairman: You do uphold the right
of an alien to advocate the overthrow of
the Government by force and violence:
Mr. Baldwin: Sure; certainly. It is the
healthiest kind of thing, of course, for a
country to have free speech — unlimited."

Both Communist and Socialist Party
platforms stand for this same unlimited
"free speech" (for Reds) and so it seems
very picayunish, to say the least, that
Maynard C. Krueger, member of the So-
cialist Party executive committee, should be
suing, as is now reported, the Chicago
Tribune for calling him a "jackass" and
that the A.C.L.U. should be suing Mr.
Jung of the American Vigilant Intelligence
Federation for calling one A.C.L.U. mem-
ber, Karl Borders (see Who's Who), a
"propagandist of the Bolshevik murder
regime" and John Haynes Holmes, another
A.C.L.U. member, an "exponent of free
love." If I believed the Constitution guar-
anteed unlimited free speech to everyone
to advocate force, violence and assassi-
nation I would certainly not be so fussy
as to sue anyone for using his Consti-
tutional right to call me a mere "propa-
gandist" or an "exponent" of an idea.
Instead I would be flattered that he had

not advocated boiling me in oil, cutting
my throat, or assassinating me. Of course,
every organization hews to its own line.
Perhaps if those whom the A.C.L.U. sues
would fall into line and advocate assassi-
nating the A.C.L.U. and its members in
cold blood, the A.C.L.U. would feel more
sympathetic and be impelled itself to
defend them (?). This would be an intri-
guing and novel experiment for patriotic
Americans who, ordinarily, consider murder
and its advocacy a little out of their line.
What possible interest could such Mos-
cow-directed Communists as Wm. Z. Foster,
Robt. W. Dunn, Scott Nearing, Anna
Rochester, etc., etc. (who help direct the
A.C.L.U.), have in merely promoting free
speech for everyone, since their chosen
career is to work for a Soviet United
States barring free speech? The A.C.L.U.
nicely explains this fight for "free speech"
in its 1929-30 Annual Report, p. 5: "Our
services are essential for whatever degree
of tolerance we can achieve, and will be
until a political and economic opposition
arises strong enough to defend its own
rights. . . . These early months of 1930
have produced a larger crop of court cases"
(for the A.C.L.U. to defend) "involving
civil liberty than any entire year since the
war. This is due to the wave of suppres-
sion by officials of the militant activities
of the Communist Party and left-wing
strikes." In other words, under the guise
of free speech, etc., by means of legal
battles, revolutionary Communism-Social-
ism must be defended until it gains power,
and the large crop of A.C.L.U. cases was
due to defense of Communist militant
activities. "Minorites" is also a favorite
A.C.L.U. term for revolutionaries.

WHAT THE A.C.L.U. SAYS OF ITSELF
One need not accept the conclusions of
the U.S. Fish Report, N.Y. State Lusk
Report, Better America Federation, or
other expert reports concerning the A.C.
L.U. One who carefully reads the daily
newspapers or who reads the Communist
press may gain constant evidence of A.C.
L.U. activities in support of the Red move-
ment.

Doubting Thomases should read for
themselves the official yearly Reports of
the A.C.L.U. Since a 40-60 page pamphlet
is required each year to report merely the
outstanding cases handled by the A.C.L.U.
and its branches in the United States, it is
obvious that only a smattering of these
can be given in this article. Each Report
might easily have a volume written about

114

The Red Net-work

its cases. Each case aids some phase of
the Red program, while 90% are out-and-
out Communist-defense cases. Patriotism
is always sneered at by the A.C.L.U.; hence
the 1931-32 Report is sarcastically entitled
"Sweet Land of Liberty." To quote
from it:

"Among the professional patriots, the
American Legion and the D.A.R. stood out
as the most active inciters against pacifists
and radicals." . . . "Local patriots continue
to function, often to our annoyance. In
Chicago the Vigilant Intelligence Federation
continually prods the authorities to bring
proceedings against Communists and sym-
pathizers, but with much less open and
reckless charges since libel suits were lodged
against its secretary by John Haynes
Holmes and Karl Borders" (filed by A.C.
L.U. against H. A. Jung).

"The professional patriots were particu-
larly active in attacking in Congress the
bill to admit alisn pacifists to citizenship
and in pushing the bill for deportation of
Communists as such. . . . John W. Davis
of N.Y., former Ambassador to Great
Britain, who served as Prof. Macintosh's
personal counsel and who appeared before
the Senate Committee to argue for a change
in the law, was attacked by these organ-
izations as unpatriotic, along with the other
spokesmen at the hearing — Bishop Francis
J. McConnell of the Federal Council of
Churches, Rabbi Edward L. Israel of Balti-
more, and the Rev. Richard A. McGowan
of the National Catholic Welfare Con-
ference."

"Conflict between Communists, sym-
pathizers, and the Philippine government
continued, with prosecutions for sedition —
etc. The Civil Liberties Union has
endeavored to aid at long distance and has
lodged protests with the War Dept. at
Washington and with the Philippine Govt.
A representative of the Union in the Philip-
pines, Willard S. Palmer, aids in cooperation
with Vincente Sotto of Manila, Attorney
for the Communists and their sympath-
izers." Under "New Loans made 1931," is
listed: to "Philippine representatives of
Civil Liberties Union — for defense of
sedition cases $500," and under "Expendi-
tures": "For defense of sedition cases in
Philippines $571.50." (Good practical sup-
port of "civil liberties," that!)

Concerning these "civil liberties," a 1932
New York Times dispatch (reprinted in
Chgo. Tribune), headed "Rioting Spreads
in Philippines; Revolt Feared — Manila,
P.I., May 19," said: "Unrest, rioting and
the threat of a Communistic uprising in the

northern Luzon provinces took a more
serious turn today when Secretary of the
Interior Honoris Ventura ordered provincial
constabulary commanders at Bulacan, Pam-
panaga and Nueva Ecija to report instantly
at Manila to check the threatened danger —
in which arson and a general revolt is
threatened. Fourteen Communists, con-
victed of Manila sedition, free on appeal
and assisted by the American Civil Liberties
Union, are declared to be leading general
agitation in Nueva Ecija which has already
resulted in destruction of property of those
refusing to join the movement. ..." etc.

Perhaps the newly appointed Gov. of the
Philippines, Ex-Mayor Murphy of Detroit,
the Roosevelt appointee, will establish an-
other record for non-interference with com-
munists' "civil liberties" and relieve the
A.C.L.U. of its tasks. The A.C.L.U. Re-
port (p. 41) eulogizes Murphy saying: "A
break in the year's record of Detroit under
Mayor Frank Murphy's administration in
no police violence against street meetings
occurred in November while the Mayor was
out of the city. Police attacked a Com-
munist meeting at a point where they had
been accustomed to assemble, but for which
permits had been refused. Protests of the
committee resulted in an order by the
Mayor changing the system from permits
to mere notification to the police, except
at a few designated points."

The A.C.L.U. cooperates with the 4 A
and Freethinker Atheist societies in their
attacks on religion. The destruction of
religion is an objective of Socialism-Com-
munism. Supposed ministers of Christ who
serve on the A.C.L.U. boards must be un-
decided as to which master they are serving.
No minister could convince me that he can
both be yoked together with atheist Com-
munists and aid in filing suits for atheists
and atheist Communists and be serving
Jesus Christ. The letter of Joseph Lewis,
the self-styled "Enemy of God," threaten-
ing suit to stop Bible reading in N.Y.
public schools appears in this book under
"Freethinkers of America." The A.C.L.U.
Report, p. 34, says: "An attempt to stop
Bible reading in the public pchools through
a suit in court was lost in N.Y. City when
the Freethinkers of America raised the
constitutionality of a charter provision of
New York City." (which permits Bible
reading in schools) . "The Civil Liberties
Union supported the suit. The Court of
appeals upheld the provision. A directly
contrary provision in the constitution of
the State of Washington prohibiting the
reading of the Bible in the schools was sus-

Organizations, Etc.

115

tained by the State Supreme Court and
review was refused by the U.S. Supreme
Court" (a triumph for the Atheists).

The Atheist 4A Report of 1932 states
that seven atheists in the New Jersey
Levine case who refused to take an oath,
since they deny the existence of God, were
barred from testifying, and that the 4A
and A.C.L.U. were sharing costs of an
appeal. The A.C.L.U. Report under
"Expenditures" lists: "Appeal in test case
New Jersey on rights of atheists as wit-
nesses $206.35."

The Atheist 4 A Report for 1927-8
(p. 11) said: "Last spring Meyer Konin-
kow and Meyer Applebaum members of
the Society of the Godless, the Greater N.Y.
branch of the Junior Atheist League, wrote
Miss Christine Walker, Nat. Sec. of the
League, asking for her assistance in free-
ing them from compulsory attendance at
Bible reading in the high school assembly. . .
Harold S. Campbell, Supt. of High Schools,
refused to excuse Applebaum and on his
remaining away expelled him. But a threat
of Court action with the aid of the Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union recalled the
school officials to their senses . . . they rein-
stated young Applebaum. The victory
reestablished a valuable precedent."

The A.C.L.U. promised to send Arthur
Garfield Hays to Little Rock, Ark., to
fight against Arkansas anti-Atheist laws,
says the 4A April 1929 Report. Also when
the contract for use of the Huntington,
West Va., auditorium for an Atheist lecture
by Chas. Smith, Pres. of 4A, was cancelled,
the A.C.L.U. wired protests, according to
the 4A 1927-8 Report. "A Court Victory
for Atheists" is the heading of the account
in the 4A 1931-2 Report of the case won
Mar. 23, 1932, "argued by Mr. Albert E.
Kane of 381 Madison Ave., a rising young
New York lawyer . . . who represented the
American Civil Liberties Union" (Chas.
Smith, Pres. of the 4 A, had been arrested
for conducting Atheist street meetings with-
out a permit). To quote: "As a result of
our reopening the streets for Atheist propa-
ganda numerous free lance speakers began
holding anti-religious meetings of their
own all over the city. This spread of Athe-
ism caused the city authorities to attempt
to suppress it by one of the most absurd
prosecutions ever instituted." The A.C.L.U.
Report also jubilates and lists under the
heading of its "Gains": "6. Decision of
Court of Appeals in New York that athe-
ists' street meetings are not religious gath-
erings within the meaning of the law and
require no permit."

In suits like this, as a 4 A Report said
of a similar contest, "Not Mr. Smith, but
Atheism is on trial." The A.C.L.U. rejoices
and "Gains" when Atheism wins, evidently.
Concerning violent Red revolutionary
agitation in the Kentucky Coal fields, the
A.CJL.U. Repart says (p. 26) : "The Civil
Liberties Union early in the struggle in
1931, raised money and aided the defense
committees both of the I.W.W. and the
International Labor Defense" (Communist).
"The Civil Liberties Union sent into this
district in July, 1931, Arnold Johnson, a
Union Theological student, who after a few
weeks of activity was arrested and held
under bail on a charge of criminal syndical-
ism." "The Union also took charge of a
proposed damage suit by Tom Connors,
I.W.W. organizer, against the sheriff of
Harlan County. . . . Finally when repeated
efforts to establish civil rights in the area
had failed the Civil Liberties Union under-
took a mission of its own. A party headed
by our general counsel, Arthur Garfield
Hays, announced its intention to go into
Bell and Harlan Counties. The prosecuting
attorney of Bell County at once countered
with threats of violence to the party. The
Union thereupon sought an injunction in
the federal court in Ky. to restrain violence
to the party. ... He denied the injunction,
warned the party to stay out and held that
Bell and Harlan Counties had a right to be
'protected from free speech.' The Union
has taken an appeal. The party made an
effort to go into Bell County, but was
blocked by force at the boundary. Mr.
Hays, returning to the seat of the Federal
court, sued the county officials for dam-
ages" (Atty. Smith of Bell County chal-
lenged the A.C.L.U., calling it an egotistical
atheistic communistic menace, to dare
spread their propaganda in Bell County.
He said Bell Co. had as much right to
be protected from Communism as it had
from a mad dog. The A.C.L.U. so far has
not dared pass him!).

(p. 19) "The Civil Liberties Union works
on the Mooney-Billings case from our
office, and particularly this year through
attorney Aaron Shapiro . . . spending some
$1500 more than the A.C.L.U. raised
toward his expenses" (for freeing the
AnrtrrMct-Communist dynamiter Mooney).
Jubilantly the A.C.L.U. lists as "Gain's":
"The parole of two of the remaining six
men in Centralia, Wash., I.W.W. case"
(convicted of murdering six Legionnaires in
an Armistice Day parade). Says the A.C.
L.U.: "The State Board of Parole is evi-
dently slowly releasing the men one by one

116

The Red Network

in order not to arouse political opposition
from the American Legion" (Harry Ward
and Bishop McConnell, of both Federal
Council of Churches and A.C.L.U., have
long kept up a campaign for the release of
these Reds).

(p. 16) "The chief campaign in Congress
revolved around bills aimed at aliens backed
by the professional patriots. The fight cen-
tered on registering aliens, on deporting
Communists as such, and on the admission
of alien pacifists to citizenship. The Civil
Liberties Union mobilized its forces against
the proposal to register aliens and to deport
Communists as such, enlisting the support
of well-known men and women through-
out the country in opposition to both
proposals. Neither has passed." (True
enough. And where the alien registration
law did pass, in Michigan, the newly-
elected Atty. Gen. O'Brien, an A.C.L.U.
atty., immediately aided in nullifying it.)

The case of "Twenty-seven Communists
arrested at Bridgman, Mich, on criminal
syndicalism charges, and still awaiting
trial" is listed under "Defense Cases Await-
ing Trial in the Courts" (Atty. Gen.
O'Brien after his election called these cases
and aided in having them dismissed. About
$100,000 in bond money which had been
held by the State was thus released for the
use of the Communist Party.) (See Bridg-
man Raid.)

The A.C.L.U. lists in its Report as
"Issues Pending June 1932": its "Appeal
from order upholding indictments against
six Communist organizers in Atlanta,
Georgia on charges of 'incitement to insur-
rection' and 'distributing insurrectionary
literature.'" (See "Nat. Com. for Defense
of So. Political Prisoners," formed to defend
them) ; its "Argument in the U.S. Supreme
Court against the conviction of seven
Negro boys at Scottsboro, Alabama"
(Case being handled largely by the com-
munist I.L.D. and used as Communist
propaganda to incite Negroes against Amer-
ican "justice" and government) ; its
"Appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to
review the deportation order against Edith
Berkman, National Textile Workers Union
organizer" (a most virulent Communist
organizer of a Communist union) ; its
"Appeal from the conviction for sedition
at Media, Pa. of two young Communists
for a speech hi the 1931 election campaign";
its "Appeal from decision of Common
Pleas Judge Wanamaker holding Ohio
criminal syndicalism law constitutional
in case of Paul Kassey." (This Hungarian
Communist was caught, and admitted

sabotaging the U.S. airship Akron. He was
declared liable under the criminal syndical-
ism law, which the Ohio Supreme Court
later upheld, but in the meantime by some
unknown means and unknown influence
Kassey was not prosecuted and secured a
passport and skipped the country in the
Spring of 1933.)

Among A.C.L.U. "Defense Cases Await-
ing Trial in the Courts" listed are: "Twenty
Philadelphia May Day demonstrators
charged with inciting to riot, assault and
battery, parading without permit, etc."
(May Day, the Reds' labor day in cele-
bration of the anarchists' Haymarket Riot,
is a day of Communist violence.)

"Kentucky coal miners and sympathizers
for 'conspiracy to murder,' 'criminal
syndicalism' and other charges." (Com-
munists—I.W.W.'s.)

"Fifty-eight charged with riot and inciting
to riot at Melrose Park, May 6th, 1932."
(Communist riot called and advertised by
the I.L.D. and carried out in defiance of
the police. When the Reds attacked, the
police shot several in the legs. The Chi-
cago A.C.L.U. is also suing Melrose Park
for injuring these Communists. The police
undoubtedly did make a mistake in shoot-
ing the Reds — in the legs.)

"Two members of the Young Commu-
nist League, arrested in July, 1931 on
sedition charges for distributing literature
at Fort Logan military camp" (trying to
make Red traitors of our soldiers).

"Seven Communists indicted in Franklin
County, 111. for criminal syndicalism in
connection with coal strike activities."

"Three Communists held for 'inciting
to riot' at a demonstration at New York
City Hall in April."

"Two I.W.W.'s arrested in Ohio, June,
1931, for criminal syndicalism for distribut-
ing literature."

Under "Damage Suits Handled Through
the A.C.L.U." listed are: "Against the
village of Melrose Park, 111. in behalf of
nine persons shot by police on May 6th at
a meeting."; "In behalf of Paul Brown,
representative of the Unemployed Council"
(Communist) "and his friend John Kaspar,
against Chief of Police Cornelius J. O'Neill
. . . "; "In behalf of Russian Workers
Cooperative Association in Chicago. ..."
(16 suits listed.)

Activities in behalf of "Political Pris-
oners" listed include: "Campaign for par-
don of Tom Mooney and Warren K.
Billings" (Anarchist-Communist dynamit-
ers) ; "Parole of the four remaining Cen-
tralia I.W.W. prisoners" (murderers of 6

Organizations, Etc.

117

Legionnaires) ; "Pardon application for
Israel Lazar, also known as t>ill Lawrence,
sentenced to two to four years under the
Pennsylvania sedition act"; "Pardon appli-
cations for two Pennsylvania prisoners
serving two-year sentences for 'inciting to
riot' at Wildwood in the 1931 coal strike";
"Parole instead of deportation for Carl
Sklar, Russian-born, and voluntary depar-
ture to Russia for Tsuji Horiuchi, Imperial
Valley, Calif, prisoners whose terms expire
July 1932." (Sklar was a convicted Com-
munist revolutionary agitator. A Japanese
Communist deported to Japan would be
jailed; hence the A.C.L.U. request for his
"voluntary departure to Russia").

Exultantly, the A.C.L.U. lists under its
"Gains" for the year:

"Decision . . . permitting Tao Hsuan Li,
Chinese Communist, and Guido Serio, anti-
Fascist Communist, to go to Soviet Russia
instead of to certain death or imprisonment
in their home lands. Eduardo Machado,
slated for deportation to Spain, also was
granted voluntary departure to Russia."

"Ruling of U.S. Judge Woolsey that Dr.
Marie C. Stopes book 'Contraception,' is
moral and can legally be imported ... the
first book on specific birth control infor-
mation admitted since 1890. The Courts
overruled the Customs Bureau in admitting
it. It cannot however be sent by mail."

"The acquittal of Communists held in
East St. Louis, arrested for meeting in pri-
vate house, and the establishment of the
right to hold Communist meetings with-
out interference."

"Final discharge of ten Communists held
in Portland a year under the Oregon crimi-
nal syndicalism law."

"Frank Spector freed from prison, his
conviction in Imperial Valley, Calif., strike
criminal syndicalism case having been
reversed." (Communist organizer.)

"Defeat of bills sponsored by the D.A.R.
in Mass, and Minn, for special oaths of
loyalty by school teachers." (Reds do not
wish to take an oath of loyalty to this
government.)

"Alabama Syndicalism bill designed to
outlaw Communists rejected in Committee."
(A "Gain" indeed for the Reds.)

"Decision of New Jersey Vice Chan-
cellor upholding rights of Communists to
utter views." (No Red movement without
Red propaganda is possible.)

"Release of Theodore Luesse, Commu-
nist, confined on an Indiana prison farm
in default of $500 fine, for Unemployed
Council activities."

"Refusal of U.S. Supreme Court to re-

view a case from Washington in which
Bible reading in public schools was sought
to be established." (No Bible reading, say
the Reds.)

The A.C.L.U. lists among its "Setbacks":
"The violent police attacks on street
demonstrations, Communist-led, before
offices of the Japanese government in Chi-
cago and Washington," but does not men-
tion the fact that the only real violence
in the Chicago Japanese consulate riot was
the shooting by a Communist of thr ,e
policemen merely performing their ducy
in dispersing a Red army of rioters. The
Reds were bent on violence against Japan-
ese officials in protest against Japan's war
on Communist China. Banners were car-
ried saying "Defend the Chinese Revolu-
tion," "Down with Japanese Imperialism,"
etc. Three policemen were seriously
wounded by Communist "Chuck," who was
given only two years in prison for this.
I met one of the policemen recently who
is still under treatment as the result of
three vicious wounds inflicted by this Com-
munist. The A.C.L.U. boasts that it has
Chicago Police Chief Allman behaving
nicely and considerately toward the Reds
nowadays, so much so that some police-
men are wondering which pays the best:
to be the Red who smashes in Relief Sta-
tions and yells for Red revolution and is
treated as an innocent martyr by "leading
Chicagoans" of the A.C.L.U. Committee,
or to be the Police defender of law and
order and be cut with razor blades, have
red pepper thrown in one's eyes, have one's
word discounted at Court, be sued for
"roughness" to Communists by the A.C.
L.U., and be shot by Reds, without receiv-
ing thanks and without appropriate pun-
ishment being given the Reds. No protest
committee ever waits on Chief Allman
when the Reds fracture a policeman's skull,
as they do frequently.

The legislative program of the A.C.L.U.
is stated as:

"1. To enact in each state a model anti-
injunction bill along the lines of the new
federal bill." (Sponsored by the A.C.L.U.
It gives Red strikers freedom to make
employers helpless.)

"2. In New York State to repeal the
moving picture censorship, the theatre pad-
lock law" (allowing padlocking of a
theatre for showing obscene plays), "to
take away special police powers from the
Vice Society" (why repress vice?), "and
in Massachusetts to set aside free speech
areas in public parks; to take away from

118

The Red Network

Boston officials the power of censorship
over meetings in private halls and over
theatres." (Then Red, atheist and obscene
affairs in parks and theatres could not be
interfered with.)

"3. In Pennsylvania, to repeal sedition
act" (against Reds), "to take police out of
strikes, to abolish the coal and iron police
and to force the incorporation of company
towns." (This would put Red strikers in
power.)

"Among other issues tackled by the Chi-
cago Committee were the barring of minor"
(Communist, etc.) "political parties from
the ballot in Illinois, compulsory military
training at the State University ..." etc.
(Weakening national defense is a Red
objective.)

Significant indeed is the Report of the
A.C.L.U. "Bail Fund" and "Expenditures."
To quote: "Bonds amounting to $29,050
were cancelled in 22 cases, 18 of which
involved Communist defendants, and 4
I.W.W.'s . . . Bail bonds amounting to
$16,750 are still outstanding. $13,000 of
these are placed on six defendants in the
Atlanta, Ga. insurrection case. Of the 12
persons now bonded, 8 are Communists,
2 are members of the I.W.W. and 2 are
independent of any affiliation."

"Expenditures for the ordinary oper-
ations of the Union were $25,300, against
$24,808 the year previous."

"Special Fund expenditures totaled
$23,300. . . . $15,589 went to carrying the
expenditures in excess of receipts of the
three auxiliary organizations created by
the Union, the National Mooney '-Billings
Committee, the National Committee on
Labor Injunctions, and the National Coun-
cil on Freedom from Censorship. The
remainder of the special funds outside of
the specific grants from the American
Fund for Public Service" (Garland Fund)
"went into court cases."

Under "Loans" are listed: to "General
Defense Committee $500" (I.W.W.); to
"International Labor Defense, national
office $1518.30, Philadelphia office $450,
Boston office $50." (Communist.)

"Expenditures" for: "Cases of Ky.
Miners and sympathizers, defense in court
$1269.55." (Communists and I.W.W.'s) ;
"Toward expenses of appeal to U.S.
Supreme Court conviction of Yetta Strom-
berg in the California anti-red flag law
$263.25." (The leader of a Communist
camp for children teaching sedition, athe-
ism, etc., was convicted of displaying the
Red flag) ; "Defense of National Miners

Union members, West Va. $250." (Commu-
nist union) ; "Court costs, deportation case
against Guido Serio $526.95." (Commu-
nist) ; "Suit against Glendale, Cal. police
and American Legion $100" (for breaking
up a Red Socialist's meeting) ; "For appeal
from convictions of two Communist girl
leaders at a Children's summer camp, Van
Etten, N.Y. $71.35"; etc., etc., etc.

Concerning its branches the A.C.L.U.
Report states that:

"In Pennsylvania, the work is organized
on a state-wide basis with headquarters at
Harrisburg, in charge of Allan G. Harper,
state secretary, and local committees at
Philadelphia, Pittsburg, and other centers.
The committee tackles repression on many
fronts — by legislative act, public and pri-
vate police and by local officials . . . The
Committee won pardons for two men
serving five-year sentences under the sedi-
tion act. Other sedition convictions in
which men are serving sentences will be
taken before the board," etc.

"In Seattle a local Civil Liberties Com-
mittee was formed in 1931 with Edward E.
Henry as secretary, and has since been
active in efforts to get downtown meeting
places and permits to parade for Commu-
nist-led organizations . . . The Committee
has participated in defense of deportation
cases; . . . and has taken part in the
movement to abolish compulsory military
training at the state university."

"In Cincinnati the local committee with
Mrs. Mary D. Brite as secretary took
part in the protest against the expulsion of
Prof. Herbert A. Miller from the state
university" (for radicalism) "and later had
him as speaker at a meeting; has backed
repeal of the criminal syndicalism law, and
aided in obtaining dismissal of cases brought
in Cincinnati under that law. A protest
meeting against treatment of" (Commu-
nist) "Kentucky coal miners was held. The
attitude of the present City Manager of
Cincinnati toward public meetings by
radicals is such that no issue has arisen
during the present year." (Nice man!)

"A small committee was formed in
Wash., D.C. to aid in work with Congress
and the departments as occasion demands."

"The Union continues to prepare a page
for the monthly issues of the Arbitrator,
published by Wm. Floyd, thus reaching a
large number outside the Union's member-
ship." (Wm. Floyd is one of the gentle
"pacifists" who decry violence so earnestly
that they oppose all national defense — for
the U.S.)

Organizations, Etc.

119

WHAT THE BETTER AMERICA FEDERATION
SAYS OF THE A.C.L.U.

Among the numerous Red pamphlets and
publications put out by the A.C.L.U. is
"Professional Patriots," edited by Norman
Hapgood. Its distribution was reported as
A.C.L.U. "Work in Hand" for 1927, and
the Communist Daily Worker published
it serially as good Communist propaganda.
It took the customary shots at all who
dare criticize its activities giving particular
mention to the Better America Federation,
which is responsible for the enactment and
retention of the California Criminal Syn-
dicalism Law, in spite of the frantic and
united efforts of the A.C.L.U., I.W.W. and
Communist and Socialist Parties to repeal
it. The Better America Federation came
right back with a published reply which
is a classic. Reading it gives one the desire
to yell "Hurrah for you!" and throw a
hat into the air. To quote:

"The B.A.F. is pleased to say this:

"The American Civil Liberties Union is
the 'respectable front' in the United States
of America for the organized forces of
revolution, lawlessness, sabotage, and mur-
der. It is so recognized and acknowledged
by these forces. It numbers among its
board of control not only the Moscow-
appointed chief of the American Branch of
the Communist International, but also an
assortment of Socialists, Defeatists, and
Slackers.

"It was spawned to give aid and comfort
to the enemies of this Republic.

"Its first organized movement was that
of encouraging the youth of the United
States to defy their country's laws.

"Its consistent policy is one of breeding
hatred and suspicion and hostility toward
this country in the minds of all it can
influence.

"It consistently preaches the doctrine
proven false in the Supreme Court of the
United States and many state Courts,
namely, that inciting to crime is not a
crime.

"Its literature and its representatives are
characterized by flagrant dishonesty, men-
dacity, and categorical lies.

"It spends each year more money for
its program of moral and civic sabotage
than the entire stipends of those it evilly
dubs 'professionals patriots.'

"It has been in bad odor with many
governmental and educational agencies in
this Republic from its birth.

"It is the god-mother of slackerism, the
chum of Socialism, the tried and true friend

of the I.W.W. , the helpful hand-maiden of
Communism, and the attorney-in-fact for
obscenity, criminal syndicalism, and anar-
chy.

"It has a 100% record of aiding persons
and movements about whose character,
lawful practices, and statutory patriotism
there have been grave official doubts.

"It has never caused a single human
being's heart to turn toward the love or
even the decent respect for this Republic;
on the contrary, it has been from the
beginning, is today, and blatantly promises
to continue to be a breeder of disaffection
and a protector of revolutionary move-
ments aimed at the life of this Republic.

"And it is an enemy many fold more
detestable than any we have fought in
any war; for those foes were proud to
wear a uniform and to die in open battle
for their flags; while the American Civil
Liberties Union is a rascally, skulking foe,
operating under a camouflage, and mar-
shalling the lewdest fellows of the basest
sort to secret sapping of the foundations
of this Republic.

"The Better America Federation will be
proud to be a 'Professional Patriot,' and
will continue, in company with its many
allies, to fight the American Civil Liberties
Union organization, program, and person-
nel— Clergymen, Communists, Bishops,
Slackers, Revolutionaries, I.W.W.'s, and
all."

FORMATION OF A.C.L.U.
AMERICAN LEAGUE TO LIMIT ARMAMENTS

Says the Lusk Report (p. 1077): "To
compel American neutrality and to still
the growing demand for military prepa-
ration by the United States, it became
necessary for German propagandists to
stimulate pacifist sentiment in this coun-
try. . . . Among the active organizers of
the American League to Limit Armaments
will be found the names of many who were
at the same time active in the movement
directed by Louis Lochner in Chicago,
under the name of the Emergency Peace
Federation. Among them are: Jane
Addams, Rev. John Haynes Holmes, David
Starr Jordan, Dr Jacques Loeb, Dr. George
W. Nasmyth, George Foster Peabody,
Oswald Garrison Villard, Morris Hillquit,
Hamilton Holt, Elsie Clews Parsons,
Lillian D. Wald, Stephen S. Wise, and L.
Hollingsworth Wood, secretary." . . .

AMERICAN UNION AGAINST MILITARISM

"In the early part of 1915 the members
of the executive committee of this league

120

The Red Network

felt that its scope was not wide enough
and, therefore, the anti-preparedness com-
mittee was formed, which later became the
American Union Against Militarism with
hdqts. at 70 Fifth Ave., New York"
(which in May 1917 carried on a vigorous
Anti-Conscription Campaign in conjunc-
tion with the Socialist Party, Woman's
Peace Party, Emergency Peace Federation) ;
etc.

CIVIL LIBERTIES BUREAU

"The passage of the draft act, after our
entry into the war caused the American
Union Against Militarism to increase its
activities. It immediately undertook to
assist all persons desiring to avoid the
draft, and to protect all persons from so-
called 'infringement of Civil liberties,'
opening branch offices under the name of
the Civil Liberties Bureau, both in Wash-
ington and New York, for this purpose." . . .

"Since both the conscription and espion-
age bills were soon passed by Congress it
was not very long before the American
Union Against Militarism virtually with-
drew leaving the field in the hands of its
branch offices" (the Civil Liberties
Bureau) .

'Though the ostensible object of the
Civil Liberties Bureau was to protect free
speech and civil liberties during war times,
an exhaustive examination of its files shows
. . . some of the real objects were: 1. En-
couraging naturally timid boys and dis-
contents to register as conscientious objec-
tors. 2. To assist any radical movement
calculated to obstruct the prosecution of
the war, as evidenced by the bureau's
activities in collecting funds for the I.W.W.
and 'Masses' defense. 3. Issuing propa-
ganda literature ... to influence public
sympathy toward the I.W.W., conscientious
objectors and radical organizations. 4. To
discourage in every possible way any con-
scientious objector from doing his military
duty in the war; and pointing out to
mothers and friends the means employed
by others to escape military service. 5. To
furnish attorneys for conscientious objectors
and persons prosecuted for violation of the
Espionage act. ... 6. 'Boring from within'
in churches, religious organizations, wo-
men's clubs, American Federation of Labor,
etc., in order to spread radical ideas. ... 7.
Working towards an after-the-war pro-
gram, usually referred to as 'a democratic
program of constructive peace.' "

"A full list of the officers and executive

committees of the Civil Liberties Bureau
was as follows:

Lillian D. Wald, chmn.; Amos Pinchot, vice-
chmn.; L. Hollingsworth Wood, treas.; Crystal
Eastman, exec, sec.; Chas. T. Hallinan, edtl. dir.
Executive Committee: Roger Baldwin, director of
Civil Liberties Bureau; Jane Addams, A. A. Berle,
Frank Bohn, Wm. F. Cochran, John Lovejoy
Elliott, John Haynes Holmes, Paul U. Kellogg,
Alice Lewisohn, Frederick Lynch, James H.
Maurer, Scott Nearing, Oswald Garrison Viilard,
Emily Greene Balch, Herbert S. Bigelow (of Cin-
cinnati), Sophonisba P. Breckenridge, Max East-
man, Zona Gale, David Starr Jordan, Agnes Brown
Leach, Owen R. Lovejoy, John A. McSparran,
Henry R. Mussey, Norman M. Thomas, James P.
Warbasse, and Stephen S. Wise."

NATIONAL CIVIL LIBERTIES BUREAU

"In October 1917 the Civil Liberties
Bureau enlarged both its offices and scope
under the name of National Civil Liberties
Bureau. The Am. Union against Militarism
in announcing this separate establishment
enclosed significantly a reprint of the Rus-
sian Council of Workmen's and Soldiers'
Delegates' peace terms" (the Soviets of
today).

Roger Baldwin, director of the enlarged
organization was soon convicted under the
Selective Service Act and sent to prison.
While he had said in his letter to Socialist
Lochner concerning the infamous People's
Council: "We want to look like patriots
in everything we do. We want to get a
good lot of flags, talk a good deal about
the Constitution and what our forefathers
wanted to make of this country, and to
show that we are really the folks that
really stand for the spirit of our institu-
tions," he was in reality a "philisophical
anarchist," according to the sworn testi-
mony of his friend Norman Thomas dur-
ing his trial, and a radical to the bone. He
said (quoted from leaflet issued by his
friends, Nov. 1918): "The Non-Partisan
League, radical labor and the Socialist
Party hold the germs of a new social order.
Their protest is my protest" (against the
war).

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION

After Baldwin's conviction, the National
Civil Liberties Bureau continued its activ-
ities, and in March 1920 changed its name
to its present one — American Civil Liber-
ties Union, with the following list of
officers:

Harry F. Ward, chmn.; Duncan McDonald,
111., and Jeannette Rankin of Montana, vice chair-
men; Helen Phelps Stokes, treas.; Albert de Silver
and Roger N. Baldwin, directors; Walter Nelles,
counsel; Lucille B. Lowenstein, field secretary;
Louis F. Budenz, publicity director; National
Committee, Jane Addams; Herbert S. Bigelow;

Organizations, Etc.

121

Sophonisba P. Breckenridge, Robt. M. Buck,
Chgo. ; John S. Codman, Boston; Lincoln Col-
cord, Wash., B.C.; James H. Dillard; Crystal
Eastman; John Lovejoy Elliott; Edmund C. Evans
and Edward W. Evans, Phila. Pa.; Wm. M.
Fincke, Katonah, N.Y.; John A. Fitch, N.Y. City;
Eliz. Gurley Flynn; Felix Frankfurter, Harvard
U.; Wm. Z. Foster; Paul J. Furnas, N.Y. City;
Zona Gale; A. B. Gilbert, St. Paul, Minn.; Arthur
Garfield Hays; Morris Hillquit; John Haynes
Holmes; Frederic C. Howe; James Weldon John-
son; Helen Keller, Forest Hills, L.I.; Harold J.
Laski, Cambridge, Mass, (now England); Agnes
Brown Leach; Arthur LeSueur; Henry R. Lin-
ville; Robt. Morss Lovett; Allen McCurdy;
Grenville S. MacFarland, Boston; Oscar Maddaus,
Manhasset, L.I.; Judah L. Magnes; James H.
Maurer; A. J. Muste; Geo. W. Nasmyth; Scott
Nearing; Julia O'Connor; Wm. H. Pickens; Wm.
Marion Reedy, St. Louis; John Nevin Sayre; Rose
Schneidermann ; Vida D. Scudder; Norman M.
Thomas; Oswald G. Villard; L. Hollingsworth
Wood; Geo. P. West, Oakland, Cal.

A.C.L.U. DIRECTORS AND BRANCHES 1932

To quote the 1932 Report: "The National
Committee which controls the Union's
general policies now numbers 69. Former
Federal Judge Geo. W. Anderson of Boston
was added to the committee during the
year. The committee suffered the loss by
death of Dr. David Starr Jordan for many
years a vice chairman of the Union; Julia
C. Lathrop of Rockford, 111. and A. M.
Todd of Kalamazoo, Mich. Former U.S.
Senator Thos. W. Hardwick of Georgia
resigned because of a difference with the
policies outlined in our pamphlet 'Black
Justice.' Anna Rochester" (Communist)
"resigned from the National Committee,
but remains on the board of directors; Jos.
Schlossberg, Dr. Henry R. Linville and
Hubert C. Herring resigned from the board
of directors but remain on the National
Committee."

"The Board of Directors, meeting weekly,
in active charge of the union's affairs, is
now composed of:

Dr. Harry Elmer Barnes, Robt. W. Dunn"
(Communist), "Morris L. Ernst, Walter Frank,
Arthur Garfield Hays, Rev. John Haynes Holmes,
Ben W. Huebsch, Dorothy Kenyon, Corliss Lament,
William L. Nunn, Frank L. Palmer, Amos R.
Pinchot, Eliot Pratt, Roger William Riis, Anna
Rochester" (Communist), "Rev. Wm. B. Spof-
ford, Dr. Harry F. Ward, and the executive staff:
Forrest Bailey, Roger Baldwin and Lucille B.
Milner. The officers ar« unchanged. Dr. Ward
has been absent abroad on his sabbatical year"
(spent in Soviet Russia) "and his place taken
by John Haynes Holmes as Acting Chairman."

(Wm. Z. Foster's and Scott Nearing's
names disappeared from the letterhead in
1931. They became possibly too conspic-
uous. Jane Addams, after 10 years of
service on the nat. com., removed hers
also at this time. She had been repeatedly
attacked for this connection.)

A.C.L.U. National Officers 1932:

Chmn., Harry F. Ward; Vice Chmn.: Helen
Phelps Stokes, James H. Maurer, Fremont Older;
Treas., B. W. Huebsch; Directors: Roger N.
Baldwin, Forrest Bailey; Counsel: Arthur Garfield
Hays, Morris L. Ernst; Research Sec., Lucille B.
Milner; Washington Counsel. Edmund D. Camp-
bell.

National Committee 1932:

Chas. F. Amidon, Geo. W. Anderson, Harry
Elmer Barnes, Herbert S. Bigelow, Edwin M.
Borchard, Richard C. Cabot, John S. Codman,
Clarence Darrow, John Dewey, James H. Dillard,
Robt. W. Dunn, Sherwood Eddy, Eliz. Glendower
Evans, John F. Finerty, Eliz. Gurley Flynn,
Walter Frank, Felix Frankfurter, Ernst Freund,
Kate Crane Gartz, Norman Hapg9od, Powers Hap-
good, Hubert C. Herring, Morris Hillquit, John
Haynes Holmes, Frederic C. Howe, James Weldon
Johnson, Geo. W. Kirchwey, John A. Lapp, Agnes
Brown Leach, Arthur LeSueur, Henry R. Lin-
ville, Robt. Morss Lovett, Mary E. McDowell,
Anne Martin, Alexander Meiklejohn, Henry R.
Mussey, A. J. Muste, Walter Nelles, Wm. L.
Nunn, Julia S. O'Connor Parker, Wm. Pickens,
Amos Pinchot, Jeannette Rankin, Edw. A. Ross,
Elbert Russell, Father John A. Ryan, John Nevin
Sayre, Wm. Scarlett, Jos. Schlossberg, Vida D.
Scudder, Abba Hillel Silver, John F. Sinclair, Clar-
ence R. Skinner, Norman M. Thomas, Edw. D.
Tittmann, Millie R. Trumbull, Wm. S. U'Ren,
Oswald Garrison Villard, B. Charney Vladeck,
David Wallerstein, Geo. P. West, Peter Witt, L.
Hollingsworth Wood.

Local Committee Officers 1932:

Cincinnati Branch, 845 Dayton St., Cincinnati;
Dr. W. O. Brown, chmn.; Mary D. Brite, sec.

Detroit Branch, 1976 Atkinson St., Detroit;
Walter M. Nelson, chmn.; Fannie Ziff, sec.

Maryland Civil Liberties Committee, Inc., 513
Park Ave., Baltimore; Dr. A. 0. Lovejoy, chmn.;
Eliz. Gilman, sec.

Massachusetts Civil Liberties Committee, 1241
Little Bldg., Boston; John S. Codman, chmn.;
David K. Niles, sec.

New York City Committee, 100 Fifth Ave., N.Y.
City; Dorothy Kenyon, chmn.; Eliz. G. Coit, sec.

Pennsylvania Civil Liberties Committee, 219
Walnut St., Harrisburg; Rev. Philip David Book-
staber, chmn.; Allan G. Harper, sec.

Philadelphia Civil Liberties Committee, 318 S.
Juniper St., Phila.; J. Prentice Murphy, chmn.;
Ada H. Funke, sec.

Pittsburg Civil Liberties Committee, 1835
Center Ave., Pitts.; Ralph S. Boots, chmn.; Sid-
ney A. Teller, sec.

Seattle Branch, 515 Lyons Bldg., Seattle; H. E.
Foster, chmn.; Edward E. Henry, sec.

Southern Calif ornia Branch, 1022 California
Bldg., Los A.; John Beardsley, chmn.; Clinton J.
Taft, sec.

St. Louis Branch, 3117 Osage St., St. Louis;
Dr. Albert E. Taussig, chmn.; Richard C. Bland,
sec

Wisconsin Civil Liberties Committee, Univ. of
Wis., Madison; Wm. G. Rice, chmn.; W. Ellison
Chalmers, sec.

Chicago Civil Liberties Committee, Room
611, 160 N. La Salle St., Chicago (Office
of Carl Haessler, Federated Press and Chgo.
Com. for Struggle Against War) ; pres.,
Arthur Fisher; vice pres., Wm. H. Holly;
treas., Duane Swift; exec, sec., Thomas
M. McKenna.

122 The Red Network

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION

100 FFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CTTY

fcarch 23, 1932,

To our Washington friends; -

May we ask you to make an effort to attend a hearing
to "be held this Saturday^ morning at 10:30 in Room 450, Senate
Office BldgT' on Se na t or CuftTn g • s till to adroit alie n pz~~c i f i s t s
to~"citiz6nship without promising to bear arras? The hearing is
"before a sub-committee of the Judiciary Committee composed of
Senators David A. Reed of Pennsylvania, chairman; Marcue A,
Coolidge of Massachusetts and Roscoe C. Patterson of Missouri, •
a not too hopeful group.

This hearing is solely for the opponents of the
measure. We had our field-day yesterday, and according to re-
ports, it was a highly effective presentation of the case for
the bill. John W. Davis, counsel for Prof. Macintosh, led off,
followed by Bishop McConnell, president of the Federal Council
of Churches, Father McGowan of the National Catholic Welfare
Conference, Rabbi Israel of the Central Conference of Arasrican
Rabbis and Francis Taylor of the Society of Friends. The com-
mittee room was crowded with numbers of "patriotic" societies
who had gotten wind of the hearing > although we had done our
best to keep if quiet so tha??e would not be the high-tension
emotional atmosphere which marked the Griffin bill hearings.
Apparently there is no escape frora that conflict at hearings.
We are therefore asking all cur friends to be out in force on
Saturday morning to hear what the "patriots" have to say.1

A good turnout will help offset them. We trust you
will make an effort to be present.

RNB/GH

Facsimile of A.C.L.U. letter urging support of a Bill to admit alien pacifists to citizenship without

promise to bear arms (sponsored by Senator Cutt-ng of the Senate radical bloc). Any measure which

will weaken the power of a capitalist government to defend itself receives radical support Note the bit

about offsetting the patriots. Signed by Roger Baldwin (see this "Who s Who ).

Organizations, Etc.

123

Executive Board:

The officers and Helen Ascher, Margaret B.
Bennett, Jessie F. Binford, Karl Borders, Ray-
mond B. Bragg, Herbert J. Friedman, Charles W.
Gilkey, Lloyd H. Lehman, Robt. Morss Lovett,
Curtis W. Reese, Wm. E. Rodriguez.

Committee:

Frederick Babcock, Melbourne P. Boynton,
Percy H. Boynton, Sophonisba P. Breckenridge,
Horace J. Bridges, A. J. Carlson, Eliz. Christman,
Clarence Darrow, Samuel Dauchy, Wm. E. Dodd,
Paul H. Douglas, Margaret Furness, Carl Haessler,
Alice Hamilton, Florence Curtis Hanson, A.
Eustace Haydon, Lillian Herstein, Paul Hutchin-
son, A. L. Jackson, Esther L. Kohn, John A.
Lapp, Harold D. Lasswell, Frederic W. Leighton,
Clyde McGee, Louis L. Mann, Mrs. G. M.
Mathes, Wiley W. Mills, Catherine Waugh
McCulloch, Fred Atkins Moore, R. Lester Mon-
dale, Chas. Clayton Morrison, Robt. Park, Fer-
dinand Schevill, Chas. P. Schwartz, Amelia Sears,
Mary Rozet Smith, T. V. Smith, Clarence Starr,
Ernest Fremont Tittle, Arthur J. Todd, Edward
M. Winston, James M. Yard, Victor S. Yarros.

Claims about 2000 members.

Committees and Auxiliary Organizations
of A.C.L.U.:

Committee on Academic Freedom; Prof. Wm.
H. Kilpatrick, chmn.; Forrest Bailey, sec.

Committee on Indian Civil Rights; Nathan
Margold, chmn.; Robt. Gessner, sec.

National Committee on Labor Injunctions;
Former U.S. Judge Chas. F. Amidon, chmn.; Dr.
Alexander Fleisher,. sec.

National Council on Freedom from Censorship
(see); Prof. Hatcher Hughes, chmn.; Gordon W.
Moss, sec.

National Mooney-Billings Committee (see) ;
Henry T. Hunt, chmn.; Roger N. Baldwin, sec.

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR
CHINESE RELIEF

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR FAIR
PLAY TO CHINA

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR
JUSTICE TO CHINA

These committees were organized, when
the Communists were in control of the
National Party of China, in order to pre-
vent U.S. intervention in behalf of Amer-
ican citizens and property in jeopardy
there. See "Hands Off Committees."

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR
STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR

See under "Intl., American, and Chi-
cago Committees for Struggle Against War,"
also "World Congress Against War."

AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON
INFORMATION ABOUT RUSSIA

Am. Com. on Inf. About Russia.

A group spreading pro-Soviet propa-
ganda; formed 1928 with hdqts. Room
709, 166 W. Washington St., Chicago.

Chmn., John A. Lapp; sec.-treas., Lillian Her-
stein; Jane Addams, A. Barton (of Machinists
Union 492), Prof. Paul H. Douglas, Carl Haessler,
Felix Hauzl (Bus. Agt. Woodcarvers Assn.), Mary
McDowell, Peter Jensen (Chmn. System Fed-
eration 130), Hyman Schneid (pres. Amalg. Cloth.
Wkrs. 111.), Wm. H. Holly, Prof. Robt. Morss
Lovett, Thos. A. Allinson (father of Brent Dow),
Ray Korner (sec. Boilermakers Union 626), Ed.
Nelson (sec.-treas. Painters Union 194), J.
Schnessler (Photo Engravers Union 5), John Wer-
lik (sec. Metal Polishers Union 6).

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
A.F. of L.

Up to this time the A.F. of L. has been
a bitter disappointment to Moscow, which
long ago expected to take it over. Con-
tinuously, however, the warfare of "boring
from within" to bring the A.F. of L. under
Communist control goes on. Wm. Z. Foster
and Robt. W. Dunn were long ago
expelled; other Communists are from time
to time expelled and licenses of Locals "go-
ing Red" are revoked. Many A.F. of L.
leaders deserve unstinted praise for their
pro-American efforts against Red domi-
nation. Certain A.F. of L. unions are
under Red control, however, others are
well penetrated and influenced, and in
practically every "united front" Commu-
nist activity, A.F. of L. Locals and repre-
sentatives participate. It is to be hoped
the Red element will not eventually gain
control. Lillian Herstein of the radical Am.
Fed. of Tchrs., an A.F. of L. affiliate, who
is a Socialist and a member of two Com-
munist subsidiary organizations, serves on
the executive board of the Chicago F. of L.
of which John Fitzpatrick of the red Chgo.
Com. for Struggle Against War is president.
Victor Olander, Illinois F. of L. executive,
made a most bitter speech against the
Baker Bills (to curb teaching of sedition
and overthrow of the Govt. in Illinois
schools and colleges), quoting Hapgood's
"Professional Patriots," etc., at a public
hearing in Springfield, May 1933, yet say-
ing he was opposed to Communists. Press
reports concerning the proposed union of
the radical "outlaw" Amalgamated Cloth-
ing Workers with the A.F. of L. stated
that this movement indicated an increasing
"liberalization" of A.F. of L. policy. The
Communist Daily Worker Sept. 6, 1933
contained a message from Earl Browder
(sec. Communist Party) in which he said:
"Now, more than ever, it is necessary to
seriously build up our forces inside the
A.F. of L. There is still the remnants in
all districts of the old mistaken idea that
we cannot both build the militant unions
of the T.U.U.L. and at the same time the

124

The Red Network

left wing opposition inside the A.F. of L.
More attention than ever must be given
to this problem." (Emphasis in original.)

A.F. OF L. COMMITTEE FOR
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
Full name is the "A.F. of L. Trade Union
Committee for Unemployment Insurance
and Relief"; hdqts., 799 Broadway, Room
336, N.Y.C. (Communist hdqts.). A Com-
munist movement in the A.F. of L. for
the purpose of disruption; "organized in
N.Y. City on Jan. 27, 1932 at a Con-
ference representing 19 A.F. of L. Unions";
headed by Communist Harry Weinstock
expelled by the A.F. of L. Painters Union,
N.Y.C., Feb. 1933, for Communist mem-
bership, assisted by Walter Frank, a Minne-
apolis Communist ; endorsed heartily in let-
ter from Tom Mooney published by this
committee; barred by order of Wm. Green
from participation in A.F. of L. Conven-
tion at Wash., B.C., Oct. 4, 1933.

AMERICAN FEDERATION
OF TEACHERS

Am. Fed. Tchrs.

Radical; stands for abolition of R.O.
T.C.; recognition of Russia; full "academic
freedom" to teach anything, including
Socialism, Communism or Atheism; closely
allied to A.C.L.U.; received financial aid
from the Garland Fund, which gives only
to radical agencies; monthly organ "The
American Teacher"; pres., Henry R. Lin-
ville, N.Y.; sec.-treas., Florence Curtis
Hanson, Chgo.

AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE

COMMITTEE
Am. Friends Serv. Com.

A Quaker relief organization; part of
the War Resisters International Council of
international anti-militarist organizations
having their first meetings in Holland,
linked together "working for the super-
session of capitalism and imperialism by
the establishment of a new social and inter-
national order" (see W.R. Intl. Coun.) ;
cooperates with L.I.D., Fell. Recon., Y.M.
C.A. and Y.W.C.A. in recruiting students
to "investigate industry" and in holding
conferences featuring radical pacifist, so-
cialistic speakers; conducted an Institute
at N.U., Evanston, June 1932, with hdqts.
also at Tittle's M.E. Church; Herbert A.
Miller, Tucker P. Smith, Kirby Page, Harry
D. Gideonse, Louis L. Mann and E. F.
Tittle were Institute faculty members; see

connections of Robt. W. Dunn, Karl
Borders, Paul Douglas, W. K. Thomas, and
Institute faculty members in "Who's Who";
National Office: 20 S. 12th St., Phila., Pa.;
Midwest hdqts.: Room 902, 203 S. Dear-
born St., Chgo., 111.

AMERICAN FUND FOR PUBLIC
SERVICE

See under Garland Fund.

AMERICAN LABOR YEAR BOOK

Published yearly by the Rand School
Press, 7 E. 15th St., N.Y.C., formerly
financed by the Garland Fund; reports
activities of radical organizations.

AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST
WAR AND FASCISM

Formed by the communist U.S. Con-
gress Against War and endorsing the
Manifesto of the World Congress Against
War at Amsterdam. The Daily Worker,
Nov. 13, 1933, says of its N.Y. demon-
stration: "Along Broadway, along River-
side Drive, through the heart of the 'silk
stocking' district, the demonstrators par-
aded carrying the banners of their organ-
izations, shouting 'Down with Imperialist
War, Down with Fascism.' At the Monu-
ment speakers of the participating organ-
izations . . . emphasized the need for mili-
tantly protesting the war provocations
against Soviet Russia, the workers' father-
land. They urged that the workers and
students 'become traitors to the ruling
class of their own country and refuse to
fight to protect their profits.' The organ-
izations participating were: National Stu-
dent Lg., Lg. of Struggle for Negro Rights,
Young Communist Lg., Wkrs. Ex-Service
Men's Lg., War Resisters Lg., Conference
for Progressive Labor Action, Labor Sports
Union, I.W.O., Youth Section of T.U.
U.C. and the I.L.D." (All but the two
italicized are openly Communist organ-
izations.) Monthly organ "Fight — against
war and fascism."

Chmn., J. B. Matthews; Vice Chmn: William
Pickens and Earl Browder; Sec., Donald Hender-
son; Asst. Sec., Ida Dailes; Treas., Annie E.
Gray; Asst. Treas., Edythe Levine.

(Note the cooperation of "peace" leaders
and exponents of bloody Red revolution.)

AMERICAN LEAGUE TO LIMIT
ARMAMENTS

See under A.C.L.U., section on "for-
mation."

Organizations, Etc.

125

AMERICAN LITHUANIAN WORKERS

LABOR SOCIETY

A Communist subsidiary (U.S. Report
2290).

AMERICAN NEGRO LABOR
CONGRESS

Official Communist Negro subsidiary
organized in Chicago, Oct. 1925; name
changed at the American Negro Labor
Congress at St. Louis, Nov. 16, 1930, to
its present title "League of Struggle for
Negro Rights."

AMERICAN NEUTRAL CONFERENCE
COMMITTEE

See "Emergency Peace Federation."

AMERICAN NEWSPAPER GUILD

For newspaper writers; organized by
Heywood Broun (see "Who's Who"),
Sept. 1933, aided by Morris Ernst and
other radicals; demands 5-day week NRA
code, etc.

AMERICAN RATIONALISTS

ASSOCIATION

Atheistic; Dr. Percy Ward, pres. 1926—;
Chgo. society, founded by M. Mangasarian,
changed name to Chgo. Humanist Society,
Jan. 12, 1934 (Burdette Backus leader
1934).

AMERICAN-RUSSIAN CHAMBER
OF COMMERCE

For aiding American-Russian trade; agi-
tated recognition of U.S.S.R.; sponsor of
American-Russian Institute ; cooperates
with the Soviet Union Information Bureau ;
now preparing a Handbook of the Soviet
Union, in Russia, to be published by the
John Day Co. of the U.S.A.; pres. Hugh
L. Cooper.

AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE
Of New York; affiliate of the American

Russian Chamber of Commerce and A.S.

C.R.R.; sponsors exhibits of Russian goods,

etc.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
CULTURAL RELATIONS

WITH RUSSIA
A.S.C.R.R.

A Communist subsidiary (U.S. Report
2290) ; the American affiliate of the Russian
V.O.K.S. (Bureau of Cultural Relations
between U.S.S.R. and Foreign Countries),
operating in several countries and very

active in England; formed to break down
antipathy toward the Soviet government;
the "Nation" announced Jan. 14, 1925:
"The establishment of closer cultural rela-
tions between the United States and the
Soviet Union is the mission of Mr. Roman
Weller of Moscow who has just arrived
in this country as representative of the
Bureau of Cultural Relations established
in Moscow about a year ago"; the N.Y.
Herald Tribune, April 24, 1927, reported:
"With the announced intention of bring-
ing together Americans who are interested
in Russian life and contemporary culture
the A.S.C.R.R. was formed yesterday. The
first meeting will be at the administration
building of the Henry Street Settlement"
(of Lillian Wald) "on Wednesday evening.
The speakers will be Leopold Stokowski,
Robt. J. Flaherty, Lee Simonson, Graham
Taylor and Elizabeth Farrell. Mrs. Norman
Hapgood will preside. The Society is
planning many activities including lectures
by Russian scientists. A Russian exhibit
is also being arranged ... the Society will
have a permanent program of work which
will include the collection and diffusion in
the U.S. of developments in science, edu-
cation (etc.) . . . and an exchange of
students and professors as well as scientists,
artists and scholars as 'a practical way of
promoting cultural relations between the
two countries' is contemplated." In 1929
were listed:

President, William Allan Neilson (of Smith
College); Vice-Presidents : John Dewey, Leopold
Stokowski, Stephen P. Duggan, Floyd Dell, Lillian
D. Wald; Treasurer, Allen Wardwell; Secretary,
Lucy Branham; Chairman Executive Committee,
Graham R. Taylor; Directors: Thos. L. Cotton,
Jerome Davis, Ernestine Evans, Mrs. Norman Hap-
good, Arthur Garfield Hays, Horace Liveright,
Underhill Moore, Ernest M. Patterson, James N.
Rosenberg, Lee Simonson, Edgar Varese, and the
officers; Advisory Council: Jane Addams, Carl
Alsberg, Franz Boas, Phillips Bradley, Stuart
Chase, Haven Emerson, Zona Gale, Frank Colder,
Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, David Starr Jordan,
Alexander Kaun, Susan Kingsbury, Julia Lathrop,
Eva Le Gallienne, Howard Scott Liddell, E. C.
Lindeman, Jacob G. Lipman, Robert Littell, H.
Adolphus Miller, Walter W. Pettit, Boardman
Robinson, Clarence S. Stein, Lucy Textor, Wilbur
K. Thomas, Harry Ward, William Allen White,
and Lucy Wilson. Others listed in the various
committees are: Joseph Achron, Sergei Radamsky,
Kurt Schindler, Joseph Freeman, Oliver Sayler,
Kurt Richter, Benj. M. Anderson, Jr., Gamaliel
Bradford, Dorothy Brewster, Louise Fargo Brown,
V. F. Calverton, Kate Holladay Claghorn, George
A. Dorsey, W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, Edward
Meade Earle, Haven Emerson, John Erskine, John
Farrar, Harry Hansen, Sidney Howard, Horace M.
Kallen, Joseph Wood Krutch, Joshua Kunitz, Fola
LaFollette, Sinclair Lewis, Alain Locke, Robt. H.
Lowie, Eugene Lyons, Chas. E. Merriam, Wesley
C. Mitchell, Raymond Pearl, Walter W. Pettit,
James Harvey Robinson, Mrs. K. N. Rosen, Edwin
R. A. Seligman, Clarence Stein, Walter Stewart,

126

The Red Network

Louis Untermyer, Carl Van Doren, Mark Van
Doren, Hendrik Willem Van Loon, Robert Woolfe,
Stark Young, and Rosalind A. Zoglin. The Chi-
cago branch: Chairman, Paul H. Douglas; Direc-
tors: Jane Addams, Clarence Darrow, Henry J.
Freyn, Chas. E. Merriam; Executive Committee:
Karl Borders, Chairman, Wm. Burton, Arthur
Fisher, Lillian Herstein, Agnes Jacques, Stewart
Leonard, A. D. Noe, Fred L. Schuman, Arvid B.
Tanner; Treasurer, S. Jesmer. Chicago Hdqts.
(1933), 38 S. Dearborn St., Room 765.

AMERICAN TEACHER
Monthly organ of the American Fed-
eration of Teachers; Florence Curtis Han-
son, Executive Editor; Advisory Editorial
Board: Henry R. Linville; Chas. B. Still-
man, Chgo.; A. D. Sheffield, Wellesley
College; Ruth Gillette Hardy, N.Y.; Selma
M. Borchardt, Washington; Mary C.
Barker, Atlanta; Lucie W. Allen, Chgo.;
Editorial office, 506 S. Wabash Ave.,
Chgo.>; features radical articles and upholds
the principles of its organization (See "Am.
Fed. of Tchrs.").

AMERICAN WORKERS PARTY

New name for A. J. Muste's Conf. for
Prog. Lab. Action (see) 1933; a militant
revolutionary party adhering neither to
Second or Third International.

AMKINO

American representative of Sovkino, the
Soviet government motion picture dis-
tributing agency.

AMKNIGA

Official book distributing agency of
Soviet State Publishing House; N.Y. City.

AMNESTY COMMITTEE OF PEOPLES

FREEDOM UNION
See "People's Freedom Union."

AMTORG TRADING CO.

The official Soviet government trading
organization in the U.S.; sister organization
of Arcos, Ltd., of England, which was
raided in 1927 by British authorities and
proven to be the headquarters and branch
of the Communist International in England.

ANARCHISM AND ANARCHIST-
COMMUNISM

Many anarchist groups (such as the
Nihilists of Russia) might be described
and their differences shown, but the first
important anarchist movement in the U.S.,
which established several newspapers
("The Anarchist" at Boston, "The Arbeiter-
Zeitung" at Chicago, and the "Voice of
the People" at St. Louis), in 1883 at Pitts-

burg, issued, through twenty representa-
tives, the following program: "(1) De-
struction of the existing class rule by all
means, i.e., energetic, relentless, revolution-
ary and international action. (2) Estab-
lishment of a free society, based upon co-
operative organization of production. (3)
Free exchange of equivalent products by
and between productive organizations,
without commerce and profit-mongering.

(4) Organization of education on a secular,
scientific and equal basis for both sexes.

(5) Equal rights for all, without distinc-
tion of sex or race. (6) Regulation of all
public affairs by free contacts between the
autonomous (independent) communes and
associations, resting on a federalistic basis."
This, together with an appeal to workmen
to organize, was published in Chicago
(1883) by the local committee, among
whom was August Spies, later convicted
and executed for murder in connection
with the anarchist Haymarket Riot of
1886. His widow spoke and was honored
with a standing ovation at the Communist
Mooney meeting May 1, 1933, at the Chi-
cago Stadium. Anarchism has many points
in common with the Socialist and Syndi-
calist programs, as is shown in the above
Anarchist Manifesto. Subsequent Amer-
ican groups led by Emma Goldman and
Alexander Berkman called their movement
Anarchist-Communism (Lusk Report).
Their official organs were "Mother Earth,"
"The Blast" (of Tom Mooney), and
"Freedom." In the March IS, 1919 issue
of "Freedom," Emma Goldman defined as
follows: "Anarchist-Communism — Volun-
tary economic cooperation of all towards
the needs of each. A social arrangement
based on the principle: To each according
to his needs; from each according to his
ability."

The Garland Fund donated to the
anarchist Ferrer School at Stelton, N.J.,
founded by Leonard D. Abbott, a N.Y.
City branch of which was organized by
Emma Goldman and Berkman. The Ferrer
Assn. and Colony of about 300 houses was
located at Stelton, but had branches in
many parts of the country. The Ferrer
Assn. was created as a memorial to the
Spanish anarchist Francesco Ferrer, who
was executed by his government. Harry
Kelley was one of the trustees of the asso-
ciation and colony at Stelton, and editor
(as he still is) of the Freedom magazine,
published formerly at 133 E. 15th St.,
N.Y., the same place which housed the
Union of Russian Workers, another anar-
chist association. The June 1, 1920 issue

Organizations, Etc.

127

of Freedom praised the Liberator, Rebel
Worker, Revolutionary Age, the Dial,
World Tomorrow, Nation, New Republic,
Survey, etc., saying: "These publications
are doing excellent work in their several
ways, and with much of that work we
find ourselves in hearty agreement. They
are, however, either liberal in. the best
sense of the word, Bolshevik or Socialist,
and we are none of these, even if we look
with a kindly eye on all of them. We are
Anarchists, because we see in the State the
enemy of liberty and human progress; and
we are Communists, because we conceive
Communism as the most rational and just
economic theory yet proposed ... As
Anarchists we seek the abolition of the
State or organized government, and would
substitute for it a society founded upon
the principles of voluntary association and
free Communism. The Left Wing Social-
ists now advocate the same thing. So our
differences are merely in the tactics pur-
sued."

Emma Goldman in her essay "Anar-
chism," on page 59, said: "Religion, the
dominion of the human mind; Property,
the dominion of human needs; and Gov-
ernment, the dominion of human conduct,
represent the stronghold" of man's enslave-
ment and all the horrors it entails"; and
on page 134: "Indeed conceit, arrogance
and egotism are the essentials of patriot-
ism."

In her essay "Marriage and Love," she
says, on page 242: "Love, the freest, the
most powerful molder of human destiny;
how can such an all-compelling force be
synonomous with that poor little state
and church-begotten weed, marriage?"; on
page 72: "Direct action, having proven
effective along economic lines is equally
potent in the environment of the individual
* . . Direct action against the authority
in the shop, direct action against the
authority of the law, direct action against
the invasive meddlesome authority of our
moral code" (she herself writes of the
many men with whom she had intimate
relations in her book "Living My Life")
"is the logical, consistent method of Anar-
chism. Will it lead to a revolution? Indeed
it will. No real social change has ever
come without a revolution. People are
either not familiar with their history, or
they have not yet learned that revolution
is but thought carried into action."

Acts of violence, such as her amour
Berkman's stabbing and shooting of Frick,
the steel magnate, as a protest against
capitalism, are called "attentats" by Emma

Goldman and her followers and are revered
as heroic deeds in behalf of the "class
struggle."

The Lusk Report cites an intercepted
telegram of March 2, 1918 addressed to
Leon Trotsky, Smolny Institute, Petro-
grad, from Leonard Abbott for the Ferrer
Association, as follows: "Ferrer Asso-
ciation is with you to the death. Are form-
ing Red Guards to help you defend the
Revolution"; and another cablegram sent
the same date by M. Eleanor Fitzgerald
to Wm. Shatoff, Smolny Institute, Petro-
grad: "Mother Earth groups with our
lives and our last cent are with you in
your fight"; Lincoln Steffens was another
of this group who sent a cablegram to
Russia (March 4, 1918) with Louise
Bryant, formerly wife of Communist John
Reed and until recently wife of Wm. C.
Bullitt, a radical who in 1919 was accom-
panied on an official mission to Russia by
Lincoln Steffens. Bullitt has been chief
advisor of the U.S. State Dept. by appoint-
ment of Pres. Roosevelt and is now
Ambassador to Bolshevik Russia (1934).
The Bryant-Steffens cablegram, addressed
to Lenin and Trotsky, Smolny Institute,
Petrograd, said: "Important you designate
unofficial representative here who can sur-
vey situation, weigh facts and cable con-
clusions you might accept and act upon.
Will undertake secure means of com-
munication between such man and your-
self." (Evidently Bullitt was the man.)

The Lusk Report (p. 860) says of Anar-
chist-Communism: "the interesting feature
of this movement is the similarity of its
methods and tactics with those of the
Socialist Party, Communist groups and
I.W.W. (1) It stands for the international
solidarity of the working class. (2) It
advocates industrial unionism as the best
instrument for affecting the social revo-
lution. (3) It advocates direct action,
meaning thereby the general strike and
sabotage. (4) It sympathizes with and
supports Soviet Russia. (5) It advocates
amnesty for so-called political prisoners.
(6) It advocates the raising of the Russian
blockade."

When Emma Goldman and Berkman
were arrested for their seditious anti-war
activities, the League for Amnesty of
Political Prisoners was organized by their
supporters. (See "Lg. for Amn. of Pol.
Pris.")

Anarchists now and always cooperate
with the Communists, Socialists and I.W.
W.'s, in "united front" class war revo-
lutionary activities. See "Free Society"

128

The Red Network

and "Intl. Workingmens Assn.," American
anarchist societies.

ANTI-FASCISTI LEAGUE

OF NORTH AMERICA
A communist subsidiary (U.S. Fish
Report) . The German Anti-Fascisti League,
Italian Anti-Fascisti League, etc., are sec-
tions.

ANTI-HORTHY LEAGUE
A Communist subsidiary (U.S. Fish
Report) .

ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
The present title of the All-America
Anti-Imperialist League (see).

ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
DELEGATION TO CUBA

The communist Daily Worker, Nov. 9,
1933, says, "a delegation representing the
Anti-Imperialist League of the United
States is sailing today for Cuba," and
states that "the delegation plans to ar-
range numerous mass demonstrations in
Havana and other cities" and is "bringing
banners, letters and other expressions of
warm revolutionary greetings and solidar-
ity. ..." The delegation consists of J. B.
Matthews, Henry Shepard of the T.U.U.L.,
Geo. Powers, sec. shipyards division of
Steel and Metal Wkrs. Indust. Union (Com-
munist), Joe Thomas (T.U.U.L.), Harry
Cannes of the Daily Worker, chmn., and
Walter Rellis, student member already in
Havana.

ARCOS, LIMITED

The Soviet government trading company
of England ; a sister organization to Amtorg
in the U.S.; was raided in 1927 and docu-
ments seized revealed it to be the head-
quarters of the Communist International
in England and gave proofs of the Red
conspiracies against our own as well as
England's government; because of this
raid trade relations were severed between
England and the U.S.S.R. until a Socialist
Labor government again renewed them.

ASIATIC ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF ATHEISM

Oriental atheist "missionary" society of
the American Assn. for the Advancement
of Atheism.

ASSOCIATION OF NEW CUBAN

REVOLUTIONARY EMIGRANTS

Founded by Julio Antonio Mella, Cuban

Communist leader; active in New York

in association with the Spanish Workers

Center. Mella was killed in Mexico some

time ago and rioting occurred in Cuba,
1933, when Communists attempted to
bring his remains back for a big Red
burial demonstration.

ATHEIST PIONEERS
To promote atheism among primary
school children; a 4A society.

AUTO WORKERS INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union; hdqts.:
4819 Hastings St. and 4210 Woodward
Ave., Detroit, Mich., etc.

B
BAHAI INTERNATIONAL

An internationalist, pacifist, "religious"
organization professing to accept and
include persons of any or all religious
beliefs — in other words the religion of the
individual is his own affair; takes part
in War Resisters International (see) con-
ferences; the World Tomorrow, July 1933
issue, stated: "Members of the Bahai
religion have recently been arrested in
Turkey and will be brought to trial charged
with 'aiding communism and international-
ism'"; one branch is at Wilmette, 111.

BERGER (VICTOR L.) NATIONAL
FOUNDATION

Berger Nat. Found.

A Socialist organization "organized to
honor the memory of the late Victor L.
Berger. Its founders believe that this can
be done best by rendering effective aid to
those minority causes to which he devoted
himself for four decades ... by the build-
ing of a newspaper press which will mobil-
ize public opinion in behalf of the ideals
for which liberals, progressives and peace
advocates contend." (From announcement
of Victor L. Berger Foundation Dinner held
at Morrison Hotel, Nov. 12, 1931.) The
announcement does not dwell on Victor
Berger's conviction for sedition and
speeches favoring direct action and revo-
lution, although "minority causes" is a
polite phrase for "revolutionary causes."
The "Statement of Clarence Darrow on
accepting the presidency of the Victor L.
Berger National Foundation" is printed as:
"It is of paramount importance we estab-
lish our own press as quickly as possible.
There is every evidence of the emergence
of working class forces in this country. . . .
I think the splendid work started by the
late Victor L. Berger, of whose fearless
independence I was an admirer, should be
pushed with all possible energy"; it was
founded Mar. 1, 1931 at the National Press

Organizations, Etc.

129

Club, Wash., B.C.; incorporated under the
laws of the District of Columbia and its
Dinner Announcement which scheduled as
speakers at the Morrison Hotel, Nov. 12,
1931, Gov. Philip F. LaFollette, Mayor
Daniel W. Hoan, Mrs. Meta Berger (Regent
of Wis. U. and widow of Victor), Donald
R. Richberg, Clarence Darrow, presiding,
also listed as Officers:

Clarence Darrow, pres.; Jane Addams, John
Dewey, Glenn Frank, Eliz. Oilman, James H.
Maurer, Upton Sinclair, vice presidents; Marx
Lewis, exec, dir.; Stuart Chase, treas.; B. C.
Vladeck, Meta Berger, E. J. Costello, Thos. M.
Duncan, Wm. T. Evjue, Sidney Hillman, Morris
Hillquit, Daniel W. Hoan, Norman Thomas,
Howard Y. Williams, as Board of Trustees, and
a National Council as follows:

William J. Adames, Bernard M. Allen, Devere
Alien, Rev. Peter Ainslie, Oscar Ameringer, Wood

F. Axton, Forrest Bailey, Emily G. Balch, Joseph
Baskin, Morris Berman, Rev. Herbert S. Bigelow,
S. John Block, Cong. Gerald J. Boileau, Gladys
Bopne, William Bouck, A. P. Bowers, Paul F.
Brissenden, Heywood Broun, Lewis Browne,
Howard Brubaker, John P. Burke, Abraham
Cahan, Stuart Chase, Henry S. Churchill, George
A. Coe, Mabel Dunlap Curry, Jerome Davis, Paul
H. Douglas, Daniel R. Donovan, W. E. B.
Du Bois, Sherwood Eddy, George Clifton Edwards,
Morris L. Ernst, Frederick V. Field, William
Floyd, Zona Gale, Adolph Germer, Helen B. Gil-
man, Carl Henry Gleeser, Mrs. Henry Francis
Grady, Florence Curtis Hanson, Rev. Otto R.
Hauser, Dr. A. Eustace Haydon, Max S. Hayes,
Arthur Garfield Hays, Adolph Held, Rabbi James

G. Heller, Arthur E. Holder, Rev. John Haynes
Holmes, Frederick C. Howe, Arthur Huggins,
Fannie Hurst, Rabbi Edward L. Israel, Bishop
Paul Jones, Vladimir Karapetoff, Paul U. Kellogg,
Frederick M. Kerby, Casimir Kowalski, Elmer
Krahn, Leo Krzycki, Harry W. Laidler, Prof. John
A. Lapp, William Leiserson, Henry R. Linville,
Owen R. Lovejoy, Robert Morss Lovett, Benjamin
C. Marsh, John T. McRoy, Lucia Ames Mead,
Alexander Meikeljohn, Darwin J. Meserole, Jacob
C. Meyer, Henry Neumann, Reinhold Niebuhr,
Edward N. Nockels, Henry J. Ohl, Jr., Joseph A.
Padway, Kirby Page, Jacob Panken, Clarence E.
Pickett, Amos R. E. Pinchot. Rabbi D. De Sola
Pool, Jeannette Rankin. W. N. Reivo, Milo Reno,
E. A. Ross, Charles Edward Russell, Mary R.
Sanford, Benjamin Schlesinsrer, Rose Schneiderman.
Vida D. Scudder, Emil Seidel, Rabbi Abba Hillel
Silver, George Soule, Seymour Stedman, Morris
Stern, Spencer Stoker, Helen Phelps Stokes,
Augustus O. Thomas, Oswald Garrison Villard.
H. J. Voorhis. Grace D. Watson. S. F. Weston,
Rev. Eliot White, Charles H. Williams, James H.
Wolfe, Abel Wolman, Leo Wolfsohn, S. N. Ziebel-
man, Phil E. Ziegler.

The following are listed in the dinner
announcement as "Sponsors":

Mary M. Abbe, Jane Addams, Robert C. Beers,
Carl Borders. M. O. Bousfield, Fritz Bremer,
Charles H. Burr, Ralph Chaolin. Agnes B. Clohesy,
Lenetta Cooper, Mrs. E. C. Costello, William A.
Cunnea. Clarence Darrow, Paul E. Darrow, George
E. Dawson, Arthur Fisher, John Fitzpatrick, John
Fralick, Herbert T. Friedman, Judge E. Allen
Frost, Denton L. Geyer, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey,
M. Gitlitz, Morris Gold, Rabbi S. Goldman, Dr.
R. B. Green, Margaret A. Haley, M. V. Halushka,
Leon Hanock, N. M. Hanock, Florence Curtis
Hanson, Dr. A. Eustace Haydon, Josef L. Hek-
toen, Lillian Herstein, Samuel H. Holland, William

H. Holly, Paul Hutchinson, Newton Jenkins, M. B.
Karman, Jesse T. Kennedy, S. J. Konenkamp,
Casimir Kowalski, Carl Laich, Lloyd Lehman,
Samuel Levin, Victor I. Levinson, Fay Lewis,
Abraham Lidsky, Robert Morss Lovett, Theodore
H. Lunde, Franklin Lundquist, Maurice Lynch,
Mary E. McDowell, A. D. Marimpetri, Prof. Chas.
E. Merriam, Agnes Nestor, Rev. J. Pierce Newell,
Edward N. Nockels, Edwin P. Reese, Wallace
Rice, Donald R. Richberg, William E. Rodriguez,
Hayden J. Sanders, Stephen Skala, Dr. Ferdinand
Schevill, Clarence Senior, Jacob Siegel, Morris
Siskind, Peter Sissman, Donald Slesinger, Prof.
T. V. Smith. Morris Spitzer, J. Edward Stake,
Seymour Stedman, L. P. Straube, Duane Swift,
Carl D. Thompson, Rev. Ernest Fremont Tittle,
Irwin St. John Tucker, S. Turovlin, Daniel A.
Uretz, Ethel Watson, Dorothy Weil.

National hdqts.; 907 15th St., N.W.,
Wash., D.C.; Western Office: 308 W. North
Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

BEZBOSHNIK

Russian Godless society ; American branch
of the official militant Communist anti-
religious society; section of Proletarian
Anti-Religious Lg.

BLUE BLOUSES

Communist agitational propaganda dra-
matic groups affiliated with League of
Workers Theatres.

BONUS EXPEDITIONARY FORCES

RANK AND FILE OF AMERICA
Formed by communist Workers Ex-
Service Men's League; supporting org. of
U.S. Congress Against War.

BRIDGMAN RAID

"The most colossal conspiracy against
the U.S. in its history was unearthed at
Bridgman, Mich., Aug. 22, 1922, when the
secret convention of the Communist Party
of America was raided by the Michigan
constabulary, aided by county and Fed-
eral officials. Two barrels full of docu-
mentary proof of the conspiracy were
seized and are in possession of the author-
ities. Names, records, checks from promi-
nent people in this country, instructions
from Moscow, speeches, theses, question-
naires— indeed the whole machinery of the
underground organization, the avowed aim
of which is the overthrow of the U.S.
government, was found in such shape as
to condemn every participant in the con-
vention. ... It is known that agents of
Communists are working secretly through
'legal' bodies in labor circles, in society, in
professional groups, in the Army and Navy,
in Congress, in the schools and colleges of
the country, in banks and business con-
cerns, among the farmers, in the motion
picture industry — in fact in nearly every

130

The Red Network

walk of life. These agents are not 'low
brows' but keen, clever, intelligent educated
men and women. . . . They range from
bricklayers to bishops and include many
prominent official and society people. There
were present besides Wm. Z. Foster, C. E.
Ruthenberg, three times candidate for
mayor of Cleveland; Ben Gitlow, N.Y.
labor leader; Ella Reeve Bloor, who says
she has been arrested more than a hundred
times for radical agitation among workers;
Robert Minor; J. Lovestone; Ward Brooks,
direct representative of the Communist
Intl., of Moscow; Boris Reinstein, repre-
senting the Red Trade Union Intl. of
Moscow; Rose Pastor Stokes; Wm. F.
Dunne; and many others. The seventeen
arrested at or near Bridgman were Thos.
Flaherty of N.Y.; Chas. Erickson, Chas.
Krumbein, Eugene Bechtold" (Chgo. Wkrs.
School now), "and Caleb Harrison of Chi-
cago; Cyril Lambkin, W. Reynolds,
Detroit; Wm. F. Dunne of Butte, Mont,
and N.Y.; J. Mihelic, Kansas City; Alex.
Ball, Phila.; Francis Ashworth, Camden,
N.J.; E. McMillin, T. R. Sullivan and
Norman H. Tallentire, St. Louis; Max
Lerner, Seattle; and Zeth Nordling, Port-
land, Oregon," (from Whitney's "Reds
in America"). This revolutionary Party
frankly aiming to overthrow the U.S.
Govt., compelled to meet in secret in 1922,
is now on the ballot in 39 states, is mail-
ing tons of treasonable literature through
the U.S. mails, and is conducting schools
of revolution without interference; after
ten years, these Communists then arrested
have had their cases brought up by Pat-
rick H. O'Brien, A.C.L.U. attorney elected
Attorney General of Michigan in 1932, and
dismissed, thus releasing the bond money
for the benefit of the Communists and
other radicals; see Labor Defense Council
and Garland Fund, for aid to Bridgman
conspirators.

BROOKWOOD LABOR COLLEGE

A left wing Socialist school for training
radical Negro and white agitators; located
at Katonah, N.Y.; the American Labor
Year Book states:

"During the summer of 1931, four members of
the Brookwood staff assisted at the West Va.
Mine Workers strike. Other faculty members
taught at Barnard and Bryn Mawr summer schools
and lectured at various summer institutes. Faculty
for 1931-32 consisted of A. J. Muste, Chairman,
Josephine Colby, David J. Saposs, Helen G. Nor-
ton, Mark Starr, and J. C. Kennedy, instructors;
Cara Cook, Katherine Pollak and Lucile Kohn,
assistants; Tom Tippett, extension director. Lec-
turers on special topics include Louis Budcnz,
Herbert S. Bigelow, Frank Palmer and Carl
Haessler," and states that the American Federation

of Teachers, the Conference for Progressive Labor
Action, and Eastern States Cooperative League
held conferences at Brookwood, 1931-32; see Gar-
land Fund for bountiful aid it received.

After a row over policies in 1933, A. J.
Muste resigned and Tom Tippett left to
become educational director of the Pro-
gressive Miners Union at Gillespie, 111., and
Tucker P. Smith (of the C.M.E.) became
director of Brookwood, and James H.
Maurer, Pres.; Fannia M. Cohn, Vice
Pres.; Bd. of Directors: Abraham Lef-
kowitz, John Brophy, Phil E. Zeigler, A. J.
Kennedy, plus officers; Faculty: Tucker
P. Smith, Director; Josephine Colby;
David J. Saposs, Sec.; Helen G. Norton;
Mark Starr, Extension Dir.; J. C. Ken-
nedy, Dir. of Studies.

BROTHERHOOD OF SLEEPING

CAR PORTERS
See under "Messenger."

BUILDING MAINTENANCE

WORKERS UNION
Communist union of the T.U.U.L.

CAMPS NITGEDAIGET

Communist camps near N.Y., Chicago,
Lumberville, Pa., Wash., D.C., Detroit,
Birmingham, etc.; run by the communist
Jewish "United Workers Cooperative
Assn." The camp near Chicago for example
is located on Paddock Lake 14 miles west
of Kenosha, Wis. and occupies about 205
acres; accommodates 500 to 600 people
from July 4, to Nov. 1 ; a Young Pioneer
Camp has been held here for the past
two years (under direction, 1933, of Com-
rade Levine of the Young Communist
League) ; vicious dogs guard the place and
no autos except those belonging to the
camp are allowed in the grounds; there is
an auditorium seating 500 people with stage,
piano, etc.; has new bath house, a swim-
ming tank, 5 boats; Comrade Hels of
Chgo. in charge of it is reported to have
claimed "the damned dirty Legion burned
it"; it has been burned three times and
each time rebuilt bigger and better; Miss
Litzinger of Kenosha is reported to be office
secretary.

CAMP UNITY

At Wingdale, N.Y.; Communist T.U.U.L.
Camp.

CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION FOR

INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Pacifist - internationalist organization;
composed, no doubt, for the most part of

Organizations, Etc.

131

perfectly sincere, non-radical, Christian
pacifists. However, Rev. John A. Ryan,
chmn. of its Ethics Committee, is at the
same time one of three book editors (with
E. F. Tittle and Edw. Israel) of the very
radical National Religion and Labor
Foundation and responsible for distributing
such Communist literature as Wm. Z. Fos-
ter's "Toward Soviet America"; John A.
Lapp, of its Intl. Law and Organization
Committee, is on the exec. com. of the same
National Religion and Labor Foundation;
Both Lapp and Ryan were, in 1923, on
the Labor Defense Council (see) (now
Communist I.L.D.), formed to defend Wm.
Z. Foster and other Communists; James E.
Hagerty, of its Economics Relations Com-
mittee, is at the same time Hon. Pres. of
the National Religion and Labor Foun-
dation, which also disseminates red revo-
lutionary propaganda, Communist cartoons
of Jesus, etc. (see) ; and Patrick H. Calla-
han, of its Com. on Dependencies, is also
on the exec. com. of the same National
Religion and Labor Foundation; Prof.
Carlton J. H. Hayes (see "Who's Who"),
whose activity in behalf of the I.W.W. is
cited in the Lusk Report, serves as chmn.
of one and member of several other of its
committees; Rev. R. A. McGowan, a com-
mittee chmn., was the fellow spokesman
with the A.C.L.U. group (Edw. I. Israel,
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, etc.) at the
Hearing on admission of Prof. Macintosh,
radical pacifist, to U.S. citizenship without
promise to defend this Govt. by arms
(June 1932 A.C.L.U. Report, p. 36; also
see facsimile of A.C.L.U. letter) ; Parker
T. Moon, pres., is author of "Imperialism
and World Politics," which was part of
the socialist L.I.D. program of reading for
1927-8; Edw. Keating (see "Who's Who"),
active member of radical organizations,
serves on its Com. on Economic Relations;
Rev. Francis Haas, a vice pres., is classi-
fied as "radical" by Advisory Associates,
serving in radical company as Roosevelt
appointee to the NRA Labor Board (with
Leo Wolman, Rose Schneidermann, etc.).
I heard Rev. J. W. Maguire of its Com.
on Economic Relations, who is pres. of
St. Viator's College, in action when he
oratorically and vehemently pleaded at the
Springfield Legislative Hearing, May 1933,
in company with Pres. Hutchins of the U.
of Chicago (where Communism is a recog-
nized student activity), against the passage
of the Baker Bills (to penalize the teach-
ing of seditious Communism in Illinois
colleges). He said that if passed these

Bills might even make him trouble as some
people considered him a dangerous radical.
He also advanced the anarchistic argument
that no one should be forced to obey a
law against his own conscience. At this,
Senator Barr asked him which of our laws
he would refuse to obey. After this Hear-
ing, at which I testified in favor of the
Bills to curb Communism, I expressed to
Rev. Maguire my respect for his Church,
having attended a convent school myself,
and my surprise and disappointment to
find him on the side of those fighting for
freedom to teach Communism and destroy
Christian faith in our colleges.

There is however no finer, truer Chris-
tian and American than Rev. Edmund A.
Walsh, author and opponent of Soviet
recognition, who is a member of this
Catholic Assn. Whether or not its Esper-
anto connections are with the international
Red Esperanto groups I have not ascer-
tained.

CENTRAL COOPERATIVE
WHOLESALE (FORMERLY

CENTRAL COOPERATIVE

EXCHANGE)

Of Superior, Wis.; affiliated with the
Workers and Farmers Cooperative Alliance,
which is a branch of the communist T.U.
U.L.; a communistic group that has had
three Communist Party members on its
board of directors; sells food products to
97 member societies with the Soviet em-
blems, hammer and sickle and red star,
branded on them ; maintains organizers and
conducts conferences and summer schools
with the affiliated Northern States Co-
operative League; is dedicated to the
"class struggle"; it, and its affiliates, the
Cooperative League of U.S.A. and North-
ern States Cooperative League, received
money from the Garland Fund; its affili-
ated Cooperative Trading Co. of Wau-
kegan, 111., organized Cooperative Un-
employed Leagues, affiliated with Borders'
Communist - I.W.W. - controlled Federated
Unemployed Leagues (see), in every com-
munity in Lake County, 1932-3; the 1932
American Labor Year Book reports internal
friction over control of the administration
between Socialists and Communists; the
report of the Communist International of
1928 said on p. 346; "the Central Co-
operative Exchange is a left wing organ-
ization." . . . (See Cooperative Lg. of
U.S.A.) ; its organ "Cooperative Builder"
is sold at Communist bookstores.

132

The Red Network

CHICAGO ATHEIST FORUMS

It is estimated that some fifteen or six-
teen atheist forums are being conducted at
various of the 70 local Chicago Communist
headquarters, Sunday afternoons. One,
which is plainly advertised each Saturday
in the Chicago Daily News, is conducted
by the American Assn. for the Advance-
ment of Atheism, at 357 Chicago Ave.,
Communist Party local hdqts. Speakers
for 1933: Haldeman- Julius, Rev. Norman
Barr, Prof. Frank Midney, Dr. Percy
Ward, Neal Ness, Rev. Aronson, etc. Only
atheist literature and the Communist Daily
Worker are sold at these meetings. On
Nov. 12, 1933, the atheist speaker used vile
obscene language in ridiculing the Chris-
tian religion, and the existence of God.
His opponent, Rev. L. Hoover, made a weak
plea for the existence of a power called
God as evidenced in viewing sunsets, etc.
This the atheist was given the opportunity
to ridicule vigorously. The hall is dec-
orated with communist Russian posters,
I.L.D. and T.U.U.L. local branch signs,
Workers Theatre announcements; a big
red paper bow drapes the top of the stage;
and a black board lists meetings and
speakers of the communist Unemployed
Councils, which meet there. On Nov. 12,
the name of "James M. Yard, D.D." was
chalked up as speaker for Nov. IS. (See
under "Who's Who.")

CHICAGO CITY CLUB
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

COMMITTEE

Purposes similar to and cooperates with
A.C.L.U.; formed 1932; hdqts.: City
Club, 315 Plymouth Court, Chgo. At the
City Club, the "Workers Training School"
of the C.W.C. on Unemp., A.C.L.U. and
L.I.D. meetings are also held.

CHICAGO COMMITTEE FOR
STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR
See under "Intl., American and Chicago
Committees for Struggle Against War."

CHICAGO COMMITTEE TO AID
VICTIMS OF GERMAN FASCISM

Chicago section of the Nat. Com. to Aid
Victims of German Fascism (see) of com-
munist W.I.R.; hdqts. Room 310—208 N.
Wells St., Chicago; organ "Anti-Fascist
Action."

CHICAGO EMERGENCY COMMITTEE

FOR STRIKERS RELIEF
See under Emergency Committee for
Strikers Relief.

CHICAGO FORUM COUNCIL

An intellectual agency propagandizing
socialistic communistic doctrines; organized
about 1925; merged with the Adult Edu-
cation Council, about 1929; directed then
and now by Fred Atkins Moore (of the
Chicago A.C.L.U. Committee and com-
munist Nat. Council for Protection of
Foreign Born Workers) ; operates the Chi-
cago Forum, which features the reddest of
Communist and Socialist speakers; pub-
lishes "Educational Events," a bulletin
widely distributed, announcing radical
meetings and forums; sponsors radio
broadcasts of radical speakers and con-
ducts a speakers bureau. In 1928 among
council members were:

Arthur Fisher, Louis L. Mann, John A. Lapp,
Herbert J. Friedman (president), Wm. H. Holly,
Jessie Binford, Horace Bridges, Wm. E. Dodd, Paul
Douglas, • Rev. Chas. W. Gilkey, A. L. Jackson,
Robt. Morss Lovett, Mary E. McDowell, Chas.
Clayton Morrison, Curtis Reese, Amelia Sears, Jane
Addams, Rev. E. F. Tittle, Harold L. Ickes,
(all A.C.L.U.), Henry P. Chandler, "liberalizer
of the Union League Club," Rev. Norman Barr,
John Fitzpatrick, Ann Guthrie, Solomon B. Free-
hof, Mrs. B. F. Langworthy, Salmon 0. Levin-
son, Frank Orman Beck (Reconciliation Trips
director), James Mullenbach, Agnes Nestor, Mor-
decai Shulman, Graham Taylor, David Rhys
Williams, Dr. Rachelle S. Yarros, Samuel Levin,
Charles E. Merriam (see "Who's Who" for
these), S. J. Duncan-Clark, etc.

The 1933 program featured as speakers:
Communists Anna Louise Strong and John
Strachey; Socialists Sherwood Eddy, Norman
Thomas, etc.; our Assistant "Commissar" of
Agriculture, Rex. G. Tugwell; Dr. Alfons Gold-
schmidt, Red professor welcomed" out of Ger-
many; James Weldon Johnson of the Garland
Fund, etc. and names as the managing com-
mittee: Wm. H. Holly, chmn. and Lillian Her-
stein, vice chmn. (both members of Communist
and Socialist organizations) ; Mrs. Beatrice Hayes
Podell, sec.; R. G. Sathoff, treas.; Chas. W.
Balch, Benj. Baltzer, Howard S. Bechtolt, Edith
Benjamin, R. E. Blount, Fred Chayes, Mrs. Eli
Daiches, Rev. Theodore C. Hume,* Chas. E.
Lewis, Mrs. Fred Lowenthal,* Abraham Nechin,
Mrs. M. D. Neufield, Mr. and Mrs. Edw. VV.
Ohrenstein, Geo. C. Olcott, Mrs. Glenn E.
Plumb, Chas. A. Snyder, C. Francis Stradford,
Chas. E. Suiter, Grace W. Weller, W. H. Wicker-
sham, Dr. Walter Verity; Hdqts.: 224 S.
Michigan Ave.; Director, Fred Atkins Moore.*
(*Listed in this "Who's Who.")

CHICAGO LABOR RESEARCH
Chicago branch of the Labor Research,
Inc.; collects material for Communist
speakers, trade unions, organizers, etc.;
hdqts. Chicago Workers School, 2822 S.
Michigan Ave.

CHICAGO LAWYERS
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

COMMITTEE

Purposes similar to and cooperates with
A.C.L.U.; formed 1932; Hdqts.: Leon M.
Despres, 77 W. Washington St., Chgo.

Organizations, Etc.

133

CHICAGO WORKERS COMMITTEE

ON UNEMPLOYMENT
C.W.C. on Unemp.

Claims sixty Locals with 20,000 members
in Chicago; headed by Karl Borders and
organized by him originally as a sub-
sidiary of the socialist League for Indus-
trial Democracy (L.I.D.) Chicago branch
to capitalize upon unemployment by organ-
izing the unemployed, ostensibly to aid
them but at the same time to endoctrinate
and finally align them with the Socialist
movement. It is represented on the board
of the Federation of Unemployed Organ-
izations of Cook County headed by Com-
munist Karl Lochner and both organiza-
tions are affiliated with the national Fed-
eration of Unemployed Workers Leagues
(See) of which Karl Borders was national
chairman until May 1933, when the con-
vention held at Lincoln Center, Chicago,
May 13, 14, 15, elected a controlling board
of Communist, Proletarian (communist-
supporting) and I.W.W. officers. This indi-
cates the present marked drawing together
of revolutionary forces for united action
(See this also under Socialism, U.S. Con-
gress Against War, etc.). The C.W.C. on
Unemp. conducted a "Workers Training
School" beginning March 30, 1933 at the
Chicago City Club with Prof. Maynard C.
Krueger teaching "New Economics for
Old," Lillian Herstein "The Class Struggle
in American History," W. B. Waltmire
"How to Organize," etc., at which repre-
sentatives of the Educational Committees
of the Locals were expected to be present.
Fortnightly Executive Committee meetings
are held at Graham Taylor's Chicago Com-
mons, 955 W. Grand Ave., of which Karl
Borders is assistant head resident. W. B.
Waltmire is chairman of this "Workers
Training School" and when the C.W.C. on
Unemp. cooperated with the Communist
Party in staging the Chicago Oct. 31, 1932
"Hunger March" in which hundreds of
revolutionary placards and Soviet emblems
and flags were carried, Waltmire was
spokesman before the Mayor for the
demonstrators. The official organ is the
"New Frontier," a fortnightly paper which
publishes such propaganda as the Commu-
nist revolutionary songs "Red Flag" and
"Internationale" and the I.W.W. song
"Solidarity" by Ralph Chaplin (who
served 5 years in the Penitentiary for
seditious activities), and urges members to
paste these songs in their hats, sing them
in the bathtub, and learn them so they
can "raise the roof" with them at the

meetings (See Mar. 4, 1933 issue). Pub-
lished at 20 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago,
L.I.D. headquarters; editor Robt. E. Asher;
mg. ed. John Paul Jones; circ. mgr. C. W.
Fisher; ed. bd.; Karl Borders, W. B. Walt-
mire, Glenford Lawrence, Chas. Williams,
Harry Roberts.

The 60 Chicago C.W.C. on Unemp.
Locals meet according to the "New
Frontier" at the following places:

Lincoln Center; New England Congl. Church,
19 E. Delaware Place; Jefferson Pk. Congl.
Church, 5320 Giddings St.; Baptist Church, 670
E. 39th St.; Graham Taylor's Chicago Com-
mons; Olivet Institute; Ogden Park Mcth.
Church; Chase House (Episc.); Workers Pro-
gressive Club, 608 N. Leavitt St.; Pilgrim
Congl. Church; Hyde Pk. Neighborhood Club,
1364 E. 56th St.; Hull House; Christopher
House; Marcy Center; Hermosa Park Field
House; Howell Neighborhood House; Garibaldi
Institute; Trumbull Pk. Field House; Association
House; Eli Bates House; U. of Chgo. Settle-
ment; Emerson House; etc., etc.

The Executive is Karl Borders, 20 W. Jackson
Blvd., Chicago; Committee Chairmen: L. C.
Brooks, G. B. Patterson, W. D. Hogan, W. H.
Seed, Glenford Lawrence, D. S. Howard; Execu-
tive Committee: Rev. W. B. Waltmire, Lester
Dewey, vice chmn., Winifred Frost, sec., Frank
W. McCulloch (son of Catherine Waugh), treas.,
Norman Buending, E. J. Cook, Annetta Dieck-
mann, Ray Jacobson, John Paul Jones, G. B.
Patterson, Moderato Renzi, Hyman Schneid,
T. M. Torgerson, Vincent Wojdinski; Advisory
Committee: Rev. Norman Barr, Jessie Binford,
Prof. Sophonisba P. Breckenridge, C. F. Case,
Geo. E. Chant, Prof. Paul Douglas, Hilda R.
Diamond, Prof. Aaron Director, Adolph Drei-
fuss, Arthur Fisher, A. L. Frost, Anton Garden,
Frank Z. Click, Edw. Hammond, Prof. Arthur
E. Holt, Mrs. H. R. Henshaw, Paul Hutchinson,
Florence Jennison, Harold Kelso, Marjorie Kemp,
Rev. Harold O. Kingsley, A. M. Krahl, Dr. John
A. Lapp, Glenford Lawrence, Samuel Levin,
Judith Lowenthal, Prof. Robt. Morss Lovett,
David McVey, Rev. Victor Marriott, Dr. James
Mullenbach, Rev. D. M. Nichol, Rev. Raymond
P. Sanford, Sarah B. Schaar, William Seed,
Clarence Senior (nat. sec., Socialist Party), Lea
D. Taylor (daughter of Graham), Harriet Vit-
tum, John Werlik, Edward Winston, Dr. James
Yard.

CHICAGO WORKERS THEATRE
Local branch of the Communist "League
of Workers Theatres of the U.S.A.," which
is the American section of the "Inter-
national Union of the Revolutionary
Theatre" headed at Moscow; Chicago
headquarters John Reed Club (Commu-
nist), 1475 South Michigan Ave.; the
official Chicago Communist newspaper,
"Workers Voice," announced Jan. 21, 1933:
"The Workers Theatre of Chicago, a revo-
lutionary group and the first of its kind
in the city was launched by John Reed
Club which took the lead in its formation
and which regarded the step as a potent
weapon of the toiling masses in their
struggle against capitalism. . . . Leading

134

The Red Network

players from the universities, Lincoln Cen-
ter and the Jewish Peoples Institute
crowded John Reed Club headquarters,
1475 S. Michigan Ave., on a bitterly cold
night to discuss plans for the theatre. A
production committee . . . was elected to
carry out . . . casting for the first play
'Precedent,' a drama by I. J. Golden deal-
ing with the Tom Mooney frameup." This
play was presented at the Goodman
Theatre, Grant Park, as the first of the
series. Patriotic efforts, it was reported,
caused the Goodman Theatre to cancel the
lease after two performances, but at the
Communist May Day Mooney Rally at
the Chicago Stadium, May 1, 1933, tickets
were being sold for this play to be given
at the Chicago Woman's Club that same
week; sponsors of the communist Chi-
cago Workers Theatre as listed by their
announcements are as follows:

Sherwood Anderson, Waldo Frank, Prof.

Eustace Haydon, Prof. Scott Nearing, Prof.

Louis Wirth, Malcolm Cowley, Michael Gold,

Mary McDowell, Dr. Curtis Reese, Prof. James
M. Yard, Jacob L. Crane, Albert Goldman, Prof.

Harold Lasswell, Prof. Fred L. Schuman, Prof.
Robt. Morss Lovett.

CHINA FORUM

Communist Shanghai publication (in
English) published by an American, Harold
R. Isaacs, 23 Yuen Ming Yuen Road,
Shanghai, China.

CHINESE ANTI-IMPERIALIST

ALLIANCE
Branch of A.A.A.I. Lg. of U.S.

CHRISTIAN CENTURY

Classified by Smith-Johns (in "Pastors,
Politicians .and Pacifists") as a "pro-
Russian, revolutionary, religious weekly";
features Socialist and Communist articles
such as "The Communist Way Out" by
Communist Scott Nearing (Oct. 12, 1932
issue), etc.

Editor, Chas. Clayton Morrison; mng. ed.,
Paul Hutchinson; lit. ed., Winifred Ernest Gar-
rison; contrib. eds. : Lynn Harold Hough, Alva
W. Taylor, Herbert L. Willett, Fred Eastman,
Reinhold Niebuhr, Joseph Fort Newton, Thos.
Curtis Clark, Robt. A. Ashworth; hdqts.: 440
S. Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Chas. Clayton Morrison presided at the
huge Communist meeting, Oct. 23, 1933,
at the Chicago Coliseum, held to honor
and hear Henri Barbusse, French visiting
Communist, founder of the Ex-Service
Men's International, which teaches soldiers
of all armies to "turn an imperialist war
into a civil war" or red revolution by
shooting their officers in the backs, as they

did in Russia, and blowing up their coun-
try's ammunition, etc. at the right moment.
Only the red flag of revolution was dis-
played and the International sung at this
meeting, attended by about 9,000 Reds
(and myself). Morrison was cheered when
he said we would never have peace until
the capitalist system was abolished! In
introducing the various Communist speak-
ers, he referred to Joseph Freeman of the
communist "New Masses" as his "fellow
editor."

"The Christian Century,," March 29,
1933, p. 433, under the heading "Methodist
Bishop Attacks The Christian Century,"
stated: "In a mid-year letter to Methodist
ministers in the Omaha area Bishop Fred-
erick D. Leete warns them against reading
The Christian Century and certain books,
unspecified, published by the Methodist
book concern: 'Fellow-preachers,' says the
bishop, 'we will do better work if our
reading is spiritual rather than materialistic,
critical and weak in faith in the great
essentials. I find evidence and hear reports
which I feel I ought to pass on to the
effect that The Christian Century is doing
Methodism and the church in general little
good. Some of our pastors tell me they
have decided not to support it further.
Some books even from our own firm, seem
to me injurious. I am determined to sup-
ply my mind with the most strengthening
food.' "

CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ACTION

MOVEMENT
Chr. Soc. Act. M.

A movement to introduce Socialism-
Communism into churches, according to its
"Leaders Handbook," sold at Methodist
Board of Education hdqts., 740 Rush St.,
Chicago (price I5c) ; organized April 1932
by a conference of 84 ministers, their wives,
and laymen, fourteen of these giving "740
Rush Street" as address; the handbook
anounces that "A Socialist Minister's Pro-
tective Association, with 21 charter mem-
bers was formed. . . . The purpose of the
Assn. is to provide emergency maintenance
for any member who loses his job because
of social interest and activity. For detailed
information inquiry may be made of the
Rev. W. B. Waltmire, Humboldt Pk. Com-
munity Church, Chicago."

This precaution is not surprising in view
of the program outlined in the handbook,
which gives detailed instructions for con-
ducting unemployed "hearings," confer-
ences, mid-week discussion meetings, dra-
matics, games, calling attention in ser-

Organizations, Etc.

135

mons to a rack of Communist and Social-
ist literature to be placed in the Church
for reading, and numerous other schemes
for definitely propagandizing the belief
that our American "capitalistic" social sys-
tem has permanently collapsed and that
Socialism must be substituted for it. The
books recommended for reading by Church
people are by such authors as Atheist-
Socialist Haldeman-Julius, atheistic Com-
munists Robt. W. Dunn, Scott Nearing,
Grace Hutchins, Anna Rochester, Char-
lotte Todes, and M. Ilin of Russia (Geo.
S. Counts' translation), and radicals Nor-
man Thomas, Harry Ward, Kirby Page,
Sherwood Eddy, James Weldon Johnson,
Winthrop Lane, Oscar Ameringer, Paul
Douglas, the Webbs (English radicals),
G. B. Shaw, H. W. Laidler, Maurice Hin-
dus, Stuart Chase, Arthur Garfield Hays,
Raushenbush, Meiklejohn, etc.; and also
A.C.L.U. pamphlets.

Under "Resource Agencies," are listed
the leading radical organizations such as
the League for Industrial Democracy, Fel-
lowship of Reconciliation, Committee on
Militarism in Education, Methodist Fed-
eration for Social Service, etc. Observance
of the "first of May Labor Day" (the
Communist Labor Day) is advised.

The following are characteristic excerpts
from this "Leaders Handbook": "Pro-
gressive Steps Toward Socialism (1) Up-
lift and coercion. Our task is to get under-
neath the victims of our present order and
lift up and get above and press down"
(Most capitalists are well pressed down
now it would seem and because of that
the job holders suffer.) "Industrial Justice
cannot be secured without coercion."
(Coercion is a polite word for a Socialist
program); "(4) Political Organization:
Workers must be organized into a political
party." (The un-American idea of joining
church and state in politics); (p. 58).
"Foment Discontent. There is great danger
religion may be 'the opium of the people' "
(quoting atheist Karl Marx), "it is the
duty of the Church to stimulate the spirit
of protest and revolt within the breasts
of impoverished men and women; (12)
That all ministers who are willing to par-
ticipate actively in the industrial conflict
register with the Methodist Federation for
Social Service ... to act as arbitrators or
as actual participants in the distribution
of literature, parading, speaking, picketing,"
etc.; (p. 58) "Minority groups: The
local church should cooperate with all
those organizations in the community
which are seeking basic changes in the

economic order." (Socialists, Communists,
Anarchists, I.W.W.'s are such "minority
groups," and advocate "basic changes"
involving sedition and revolution.) "The
church building should be made available
as a meeting place for such groups when-
ever there is a denial of free speech.
Wherever there is no agency to call a
meeting of protest in the event of violation
of human rights and civil liberties, min-
isters and churches should take the
initiative in so doing." ("Free speech" is
the battle cry of all Reds favoring sedition
and revolution.) The conference, in this
handbook, thanks those who "so gener-
ously contributed time, effort and expert
information" to make it a success, naming
as "good angels": Kirby Page, Arthur E.
Holt, J. Stitt Wilson, Paul Hutchinson,
Clarence Tucker Craig, Karl Borders, David
Shillinglaw, Wm. C. Bonner, F. S. Deibler
and Clarence Senior.

The chairman of the Christian Social Action
Movement is Gilbert S. Cox; Secretary, Owen M.
Geer, 740 Rush St., Chgo.; Executive Com-
mittee: Ross Conner, Whitewater, Wis.; J.
Pierce Newell, Rockford, 111.; Paul Hutchinson,
Chgo.; John C. Irwin, 740 Rush St., Chgo.;
Douglas Anderson, Illiopolis, 111.; W. B. Walt-
mire, Chgo.; B. E. Kirkpatrick, 740 Rush St.,
Chgo.; Wade Crawford Barclay, 740 Rush St.,
Chgo.; O. W. Auman, 740 Rush St., Chgo.; Edi-
torial Committee: Alice B. Mallory, Elmhurst,
111., and several of the executive committee
members. Other committee members listed are:
Gross W. Alexander, Fresno, Cal.; Lester Auman,
Jamaica, N.Y.; E. W. Blakeman, Wesley Foun-
dation, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Karl Borders, Chi-
cago; E. A. Brown, Cleveland, Ohio; Harold C.
Case, Glencoe, 111.; Richard Decker, Auburn,
Wash.; R. O. Hills, Casper, Wyo.; Theo. Miner,
Saltsburg, Pa.; R. B. Porter, Eugene, Ore.; Harry
O. Ritter, St. Louis, Mo.; Chas. Schofield, Ft.
Collins, Colo.; Benj. Schwartz, Muscatine, la.;
Carl C. Seitter, Los Angeles, Cal.; Paul J.
Snyder, Minneapolis, Minn.; J. Stitt Wilson,
Berkeley, Cal.

Other conference members listed are:

James Asher, St. Paul, Minn.; Carl Asmus,
Stevens Pt., Wis.; G. E. Bailey, Minneapolis,
Minn.; Chas. F. Boss, Jr., 740 Rush St., Chi-
cago; Mr. and Mrs. Chester L. Bower, Chgo.;
Ina C. Brown, Nashville, Tenn.; Dan B. Brum-
mitt, 740 Rush St., Chgo.; Geo. A. Burcham,
Evanston, 111.; Roy E. Burt, 740 Rush St.,
Chgo.; Mrs. Roy E. Burt, Chicago; Fay Butler,
Los Angeles, Cal.; Mark Chamberlain, S. Mil-
waukee, Wis.; Clarence Tucker Craig, Oberlin,
O.; Lewis H. Davis, Long Island, N.Y.; Nellie
M. Day. Chicago; Merle N. English, 740 Rush
St., Chicago; Mrs. M. N. English, Chicago;
Carl Gamer, Mazon, 111.; Ruth C. Geer, Elm-
hurst, 111.; Mrs. U. S. Grant, Evanston, 111.;
W. E. J. Gratz, 740 Rush St., Chicago; Earl C.
Heck, Westchester, N.Y.; Chas. Hempstead,
Cleveland, Ohio; E. C. Hickman, St. Paul, Minn.;
Carl Hutchinson, Chicago; Geo. B. Jones, Brook,
Ind.; C. C. Jordan, Gary, Ind.; Andrew Juvinall,
Evanston, 111.; Clyde Keegan, Boulder, Colo.;
H. R. Kelley, Centralia, 111.; Roy Kelley, 740
Rush St., Chgo.; A. E. Kirk, 740 Rush St.,
Chgo.; Mrs. B. E. Kirkpatrick, Chgo.; Clyde

136

The Red Network

Little, DeSoto, Mo.; Wm. Matson, Huntington
Beach, Cal.; Frank M. McKibben, Evanston,
111.; Wendell Miller, Harbor City, Cal.; Lester
R. Minion, Polo, IB.; Floyd Morris, Jackson-
ville, N.Y.; Ruth Morton, Chicago; T. Otto
Nail, 740 Rush St., Chicago; Kirby Page, N.Y.
C.; Mary Randolph, 740 Rush St., Chicago;
Victor H. Reiser, Waveland, Ind.; Paul A.
Schlipp, College of the Pacific, Stockton, Cal.;
Joseph Sefl, Chicago; Russel Stroup, Balboa,
Cal.; A. E. Tink, West Bend, Wis.; Mrs. Geo.
H. Tomlinson, Evanston, 111.; Frank Toothaker,
Hynes, Cal.; Vernon C. Tyree, Delta, Colo.;
W. D. Waller, Santa Fe, N.M.; E. C. Wareing,
Cincinnati, Ohio; Morgan Williams, Chicago,
111.; Roland Wolseley, Evanston, 111.; James M.
Yard, Evanston, 111.

The handbook states on page 48 that
invitations to this conference were sent
"only to those who were socially awakened ;
had already done a good deal of thinking
on social and economic questions; who
were ready to start with the assumption
that the present system is basically
wrong, ..." etc.

CHURCH EMERGENCY COMMITTEE
FOR RELIEF OF TEXTILE

STRIKERS
Ch. Emer. Com. Rel. Textile Strik.

Formed to aid the jointly-conducted
Communist and Socialist strike at Dan-
ville Va., of the United Textile Workers
Union and communist National Textile
Workers Union; hdqts.: 287 4th Ave.,
N.Y.C.; includes: Dr. Alva W. Taylor,
chmn., Rev. Wm. B. Spofford, treas., Rev.
James Myers, Rev. W. Russel Bowie,
Winifred Chappell, Jerome Davis, Mary
Dreier, Rev. Hubert Herring, Rev. Ronald
Tamblyn, Rev. Worth M. Tippy, Rev.
Chas. Webber.

CHURCH LEAGUE FOR INDUSTRIAL

DEMOCRACY
Ch. L.I.D.

An Episcopal Socialist organization using
L.I.D. literature; it absorbed the Church
Socialist League (see) ; was formed in 1920
by members of the A.C.L.U. and L.I.D. ;
the pres. was Rev. Edw. L. Parsons; chmn.
Vida Scudder; treas. Geo. Foster Peabody;
asst. treas. Rev. Horace Fort; sec. Rev.
Wm. B. Spofford; now headed by Rev.
Wm. B. Spofford; claims about 1,000
members.

The following excerpts are from the
"Statement of Principles" of the Church
L.I.D.: "We face a world in revolution. . . .
We believe that the Church is ready and
anxious to discover how it can best be
useful in forwarding the New Order; and
we therefore pledge ourselves to help the
great mass of Church people who are as

yet uncertain how to find the way. . . .
In case of teachers and preachers in our
communion whose positions are endangered
by reason of their social radicalism we
promise ... to give moral and practical
support to those who shall clearly be seen
to have incurred persecution through
advising of social change. . . . We further
intend to assist in recruiting such candi-
dates for the ministry as shall enter it
with desire for socialized leadership."

To quote from an "Open Letter to Mem-
bers of the Protestant Episcopal Church,"
issued by The Movement Against Socialism
in the Church, 18 Tremont Street, Room
732, Boston, Mass. (Page 8): "The first
convention of the Church League for
Industrial Democracy, at New York, was
addressed by the conspicuous radical agi-
tators, the Rev. Harry F. Ward, Chair-
man of the American Civil Liberties Union
(hereinafter called A.C.L.U.) ; Lincoln
Steffens, magazine writer ; James H. Maurer,
of the communist Trades Union Edu-
cational League, who seems to have signed
the call for the convention, and others.
Professor Vida D. Scudder, of Wellesley
College, an officer of both the League for
Industrial Democracy (hereinafter called
L.I.D.) and A.C.L.U., and the Rev. Horace
Fort, also of the L.I.D., are, or were, offi-
cers of the Church League for Industrial
Democracy (hereinafter called C.L.I.D.).
Its Executive Secretary, the Rev. William
B. Spofford, wrote of it under date of June
1, 1926, in answer to an inquiry, as fol-
lows: 'The Church Socialist League, to
which you addressed your letter, was dis-
banded last year; the members at that
time joining the C.L.I.D. We felt that
there was hardly room in the Episcopal
Church for two organizations with prac-
tically the same aim. ... We are people
who are classed all the way from liberals
to communists.' (Italics ours.) Another
letter from Mr. Spofford, printed in the
Twentieth Aniversary booklet of the L.I.D.
says: 'At a meeting of the Executive Com-
mittee of the C.L.I.D. recently, it was
decided that there was little use for pub-
lications of our own, so long as the L.I.D.
continued to get out such splendid pam-
phlets, which could be purchased for dis-
tribution at low cost.' "

CHURCH SOCIALIST LEAGUE

(EPISCOPAL)

Organized 1911 by Episcopal clergy and
laymen; its national secretary, Rev. Byron-
Curtiss, in a report in the radicals' Amer-
ican Labor Year Book (volume II, pp.

Organizations, Etc.

137

358-60) said: "In spite of the conservatism
of the Episcopal Church and its members
yet that church has officially adopted
radical and even revolutionary resolutions
and the influence of the Church Socialist
League is discernible as giving color to
them. A considerable share of the clergy
are tinctured with Socialism. With but
6,000 clergy, several hundred are avowed
Socialists and nearly one hundred are mem-
bers of the Socialist Party"; the official
organ was the quarterly 'The Social
Preparation," whi'ch asserted: "We are
not reformers trying to patch up an out
worn garment but revolutionists"; a meet-
ing of the League held at the Rand School,
June 29, 1919, issued a radical manifesto
calling for a "complete revolution of our
present economic and social disorder," etc.,
and sent a message to Pres. Wilson express-
ing absolute sympathy with the Soviet
government of Russia and asking him to
cease intervention in Russia (Lusk
Report). Those who signed this manifesto
and in whose behalf Reverends Smiley and
Spofford sent the message to Pres. Wilson
were: Reverends John Paul Jones, J. P.
Morris, Chas. H. Collett, James L. Smiley,
Wm. B. Spofford, J. G. Mythen, Alfred
Pridis, Irwin St. John Tucker (convicted
that year of sedition), A. L. Byron- Curtiss,
Horace Fort, Robt. Johnson, Richard M.
Doubs, Alfred Farr, Geo. J. Miller, and
John M. Horton ; the League was absorbed
by the Church League for Industrial
Democracy about 1920 (see above).

CHURCH TAXATION LEAGUE

Sponsored by 4A and other radicals.

CHU SING YOUTH ASSOCIATION

Chinese Communist subsidiary; head-
quarters H. T. Chang, P. O. Box 2454,
San Francisco, California.

CLARTE

French Communist club, 30 W. 58th St.,
N.Y. City; part of the Clarte Movement
formed by Henri Barbusse. Associated with
him were the writers: Anatole France,
Jules Romains, Thos. Hardy, and H. G.
Wells (Daily Worker, Sept. 29, 1933).

CLEANERS, DYERS AND

PRESSERS UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union; 223 Second
Ave., N.Y. City.

CLEVELAND TRADE UNION
CONFERENCE

Aug. 29-30, 1933 ; called by about thirty
Communist Party leaders, joined by some

A.F. of L. local officers; 10 Progressive
Miners Union representatives; Full Fash-
ioned Hosiery Wkrs. officers; Francis Hen-
son of the Nat. R. & L. Found.; etc.

CLOTHING WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION
A Communist T.U.U.L. union.

COMINTERN

Abbreviation for Communist Inter-
national (see Internationals; also Commu-
nist Organization in the U.S.A.).

COMMITTEE ON ACADEMIC

FREEDOM

Of the A.C.L.U.; defends the right of
teachers to teach Red revolutionary doc-
trines in the class room; Prof. Wm. H.
Kilpatrick, chmn.; Forrest Bailey, sec.

COMMITTEE ON COAL AND

GIANT POWER
Com. on Coal & Giant P.

A Socialist-controlled organization sub-
sidized by the Garland Fund (see "Garland
Fund"), working for public ownership of
utilities and the coal industry, which is
part of the Socialist program. Italicized
names in the following list of its advisory
council members (1926) were also League
for Industrial Democracy (L.I.D.) officers
or directors: Oscar Ameringer, Robt. W.
Bruere, Stuart Chase, McAlister Coleman,
H. C. Cross, Morris Ernst, Clinton J.
Golden, Robt. L. Hale, Arthur Garfield
Hays, A. S. Holcombe, A. B. Jones, Milton
Jones, H. W. Laidler, J. H. McGill (vice
pres. Pub. O. Lg. of Am.), Evelyn Preston,
Donald Richberg, Champlain Riley, J. H.
Ryckman, George Soule, Norman Thomas,
Edw. Wieck, U.S. Sen. Geo. W. Norris,
Delso Wilcox (vice pres. Pub. O. Lg. of
Am.), H. W. Raushenbush (secretary).

COMMITTEE ON CULTURAL
RELATIONS WITH LATIN

AMERICA
Com. Cult. Rel. Lat. Am.

An A.C.L.U. - dominated committee
organized about 1928-29 with Hubert C.
Herring (A.C.L.U., nat. com.) as executive
director; is antagonistic toward the Mon-
roe Doctrine and deplores U.S. "imperial-
ism" ; in this respect its program is identical
with that of the communist All America
Anti-Imperialist League, which, among
other activities, directs its propaganda
shafts at U.S. "imperialism" and the Mon-
roe Doctrine; a letter sent out Oct. 26,

138

The Red Network

1931 by the Chicago Branch soliciting
attendance at a dinner at the Chicago
Woman's Club, Nov. 9th, to be addressed
by Herring, stated in part: "Among other
features will be a description by Mr.
Herring of some proposed short conducted
trips in December and January and a
Seminar in the Carribean in February.
These should appeal to many people who
have been charmed with what they have
read and seen of Mexico and the Carri-
bean, especially those who have been read-
ing recent volumes such as that of Stuart
Chase." On the letterhead, executives of
the Chicago branch were listed as: "Mrs.
Frank H. McCulloch, chairman, 231 S.
La Salle St." (Catherine Waugh McCul-
loch, A.C.L.U. Chgo. Com.); "Clyde C.
McGee, vice chairman, 1755 W. 103rd St."
(A.C.L.U. Chgo. Com.) ; "Mrs. Henry W.
Austin, treasurer, 1022 Lake Street, Oak
Park; Rudolph A. Clemen, secretary, 650
Garland Ave., Winnetka."

Officers: John Dewey, Hon. Chmn.;
Stuart Chase, Chmn.; Walter Frank,
Treas.; Edward A. Ross, Florence E.
Allen, Henry Goddard Leach, Father Fred-
eric Siedenburg, Vice-chmn.; Hubert C.
Herring, Exec. Dir.

COMMITTEE ON MILITARISM IN

EDUCATION (ILLINOIS ALSO)
C.M.E. and C.M.E.I11.

Supporting organization of Communist-
organized and controlled U.S. Congress
Against War and represented on similar
World Congress of Youth Against War
and Fascism by Edwin C. Johnson.

Received $12,400 from the "Red" Gar-
land Fund to propagandize against military
training in the schools, $5,400 of which,
according to the Garland Fund 1925-28
official report, was "for preparation and
distribution of pamphlet on Military
Training in Schools and Colleges in the
U.S." by Socialist Winthrop D. Lane. This
pamphlet was widely distributed by the
closely associated Fellowship of Recon-
ciliation, the League for Industrial Democ-
racy, Women's International League for
Peace and Freedom, American Civil Lib-
erties Union, all financed in part by the
Garland Fund, and to some extent by the
Federal Council of Churches. Quarters
adjoined the Fellowship of Reconciliation
(Room 383) at 387 Bible House, Astor
Place, New York City (until the Fell.
Recon. moved, 1933).

Alvin C. Goddard, Treasurer; Tucker P. Smith
Rnd Edwin C. Johnson, Secretaries; Executive
Board: George A. Coe, Chairman, Harry A. Over-

street and John Nevin Sayre, Vice Chairmen, and
Roswell P. Barnes, Leslie Blanchard, Mrs. J.
Henry Callister, Inez Cavert, Mrs. Bennett Ep-
stein, Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, William B. Harvey,
E. C. Lindeman, Patrick Malin, Norman Thomas,
Wellington H. Tinker, Walter Van Kirk, Kenneth
Walser; National Council: Will W. Alexander,
Rev. W. Russell Bowie, Howell Hamilton Broach,
John Brophy, Bayard H. Christy, J. Elwood Cox,
Albert F. Coyle, Mrs. J. Sergeant Cram, Prof
Jerome Davis, James H. Dillard, Sherwood Eddy,
Rev. Noble S. Elderkin, Prof. Charles Ellwood,
Zona Gale, Lindley V. Gordon, Rev. Joel Hayden
Prof. Carlton J. H. Hayes, Pres. John M. Henry
(Coll. Pres.), Rev. John Herring, Prof. Manley
O. Hudson, Hannah Clothier Hull, Prof. Rufus
Jones, James Weldon Johnson, Frederick Libby
Prof. Robert Morss Lovett, Halford Luccock,
Frederick Lynch, James H. Maurer, Prof. Alexander
Meiklejohn, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Mrs.
John F. Moors, Orie O. Miller, Pres. Arthur E.
Morgan (Coll. Pres.), Pres. S. K. Mosiman (Coll.
Pres.), A. J. Muste, Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr, Frank
Olmstead; Pres. Bromley Oxnam, (Coll. Pres )
Kirby Page, Pres. Marion Park (Coll. Pres.),
Bishop Edward L. Parsons, Carl Patterson, Prof
Ira M. Price, Justice James Hoge Ricks, Prof. W.
Carson Ryan, Dean William J. Scarlett, Henry
Seabury, Mary Seabury, J. Henry Scattergood,
Charles M. Sheldon, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver,
Katherine V. Silverthorn, Thomas Guthrie Speers
Rev. Ernest F. Tittle, Henry P. Van Dusen,
Oswald G. Villard, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Prof
Luther A. Weigle, Pres. Mary E. Woolley (Coll.
Pres.), William Allen White; Illinois Committee
on Militarism in Education: Jane Addams, Jos.
C. Artman, Rev. Orrin W. Auman, Zonia Baber,
Rev. James C. Baker (Champaign), Rev. Norman
Barr, Rev. (Prof.) Frank O. Beck, Alice Boynton,
Rev. Dan B. Brummitt, Rev. A. J. Burns (Cham-
paign), Dr. Geo. A. Coe, Rev. Gilbert Cox, Prof.
Paul H. Douglas, A. J. Elliott (Evanston), Prof.
Fred Eastman (Chgo. Theological Seminary, con-
trib. "Christian Century"), Arthur Fisher, Marion
Fisher, Prof. R. Worth Frank (McCormick
Theol. Sem., radical pacifist). Rev. Chas.
Gilkey, Wilbur D. Grose (Wesley Found. U. of
111.; organizer of Com.), Ann Guthrie (exec. sec.
Chgo. Y.W.C.A.; Fellowship for a Christian
Social Order), Maude Gwinn, Frederick Hall (con-
trib. "Christian Century").

COMMITTEES FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

AGAINST NAZIISM
National movement for boycotting Ger-
many, supposedly because of its anti-
Jewish activities, organized by Samuel
Untermyer of N.Y. City. No one who
treasures American freedom wants fascism
or Hitlerism for America, but it is only
fair to note that Germany had 6,000,000
Communists bent on Red terrorist revo-
lution and that Russian Jews had made
themselves prominent in the Red move-
ment, and that Naziism has directed its
attacks more against conspiring, revo-
lutionary Communist Jews, than against
nationalist German Jews who aided Ger-
many during the war; if it has discrim-
inated against the innocent also, it has
been with no such ferocity and loss of life
as the planned and imminent Communist
revolution would have wreaked upon the
German population, had it been successful

Organizations, Etc.

139

as in Russia. Those making altruistic
appeals for human rights for Jews in
Germany, should at the same time raise
their voices urging boycott of atheist Rus-
sia in behalf of its persecuted Christians
and millions of "liquidated" starved
Ukrainians, in order to escape the suspicion
that they are protesting for Communist
rather than "human" rights.

Chicago officers: Chmn. Salmon O.
Levinson (pres. of red Abraham Lincoln
Center) ; pres. Paul Hutchinson (active
in various pro-Soviet activities) ; exec. sec.
Prof. James M. Yard (backer of various
Communist activities).

Committee: Dr. Preston Bradley, Gen. John V.
Clinnin, Dr. Copeland Smith, Dr. Arthur O.
Black, Gen. Frank A. Schwengel, Chas. Sincere,
Mrs. Ella Alschuler, Mrs. Paul Steinbrecher, Mrs.
Geo. V. Mclntyre, Dr. Willard Hotchkiss, Samuel
H. Holland, Dr. Horace J. Bridges (A.C.L.U.),
Mrs. Clark Eichelberger ; see "Who's Who" for
John A. Lapp, Chas. Clayton Morrison, Curtis W.
Reese (of A. Lincoln Center), Col. Raymond
Robins, Mrs. B. F. Langworthy, John Fitzpatrick.

Hdqts.: Room 437, 30 N. La Salle St.,
Chgo.

COMMITTEES FOR THOMAS

Com. for Thomas

Committees organized to aid the peren-
nial campaigns of Norman Thomas as So-
cialist candidate for Governor of New
York, President of the United States and
other offices bear names such as "Non-
Partisan Committee for Norman Thomas,"
"Educators' " (also Professional Men's,
Writers', Artists' and Publicists', Trade
Union, Intercollegiate) "Committee for
Thomas and Maurer," etc.

COMMON SENSE

A very radical new magazine; mouth-
piece of the League for Independent
Political Action (L.I.P.A.) and its Conf.
for Prog. Pol. Action and cooperating with
the National Religion and Labor Foun-
dation, Christian Social Action Movement,
and Emergency Committee for Strikers
Relief; organized and edited by Alfred M.
Bingham of the national committee of the
communist F.S.U., son of Hiram Bingham,
former U.S. Senator from Connecticut;
Editors: Alfred M. Bingham, Selden Rod-
man; Contributors include: Communists
John Dos Passos, V. F. Calverton, Robt.
Cantwell, Max Eastman, Albert Weisbord,
Chas. Yale Harrison, James Rorty; Com-
munist-Socialist Upton Sinclair; former
Communists Ludwig Lore, J.B.S. Hard-
man, etc.; Carleton Beals; also Socialists
Stuart Chase, George Soule, A. J. Muste,
Robt. S. Allen (L.I.P.A. dir.), Henry Haz-

litt (ed. "Nation") and other radicals.
(The communist "Anvil," Sept.-Oct. issue,
1933.)

COMMONWEALTH COLLEGE

At Mena, Arkansas; a communistic, co-
educational, cooperative labor college to
train radical labor agitators and organizers ;
has about forty-three students and ten
faculty members, whose delegation to Ken-
tucky in 1932 were arrested as Commu-
nists; received $24,580 between 1924-8
from the Garland Fund, and when this
support stopped, Communists, Socialists,
I.W.W.'s and intellectual sympathizers
were called upon to help maintain it; the
Federated Press, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1926, stated:
"Legal services of the American Civil
Liberties Union are offered to Common-
wealth College to resist the attempt of
the Arkansas American Legion executive
committee to investigate the teaching and
maintenance of the institution"; the Feb.
1931 issue of the National Republic said:
"In a recent issue of Fortnightly" (the
bulletin of Commonwealth College) "Prof.
Zeuch declared that he wished the Fish
Committee would visit Commonwealth
College so that they could be told of 'the
many good things about red, red Russia
and the many evil things about the U.S.,'
and printed a letter from a longshoreman
engaged in trying to teach negroes atheism
and to organize 'the right kind of labor
unions under Communist auspices'"; the
same National Republic issue also con-
tained the following: ". . . the 13th anni-
versary of the 'first workers' democracy —
Soviet Russia — was celebrated at the Com-
mons, Commonwealth College, Mena,
Arkansas, on Nov. 9. The meeting con-
cluded with singing of the Internationale.
Under the caption 'Fellow Builders,' the
'Fortnightly' says that 'since the last issue
the Brandeises' " (Justice and Mrs.
Brandeis) "'and Floyd Dell have re-
pledged for the 1931-32-33 period'";
among the officers of Commonwealth Col-
lege (1931) besides W. E. Zeuch were:
Kate Richards O'Hare; Covington Hall, an
I.W.W. writer and poet; Albert E. Coyle;
William Bouck, radical agricultural leader;
Alice Stone Blackwell; U.S. Sen. Lynn J.
Frazier; John Haynes Holmes; Ernest R.
Meitzen, member of the Communist I.L.D.
and Communist United Farmers Edu-
cational League; and Upton Sinclair, "a
violent literary Socialist" (Lusk Report)
and Communist writer.

Among 1933 financial contributors were
Harry Ward, Max Eastman, Aaron L.

140

The Red Network

Shapiro, Roger Baldwin, Prof. Ernest W.
Burgess (U. of Chgo.). The Oct. 1932
Nat. Republic quotes from the Common-
wealth Bulletin the ironical news that the
capitalistic Carnegie Corporation had do-
nated funds for modernizing the Common-
wealth plant. How capitalists do love to
help the Reds! Lucien Koch was director
1933 and the following telegram was sent
dated Nov. 7, 1933 to "M. Litvinoff. In
care of Boris Skvirsky, Washington, D.C.":

"Commonwealth has long recognized Soviet
Russia and its tremendous significance to the
future of economic planning. It extends greetings
and felicitations to Soviet Russia's able repre-
sentative and invites him to visit and inspect
Commonwealth, a worker's college at Mena,
Arkansas, which supports itself by running a
Kolhoz or collective farm. Wire answer collect.
Commonwealth College, Mena, Arkansas."

While the wire states that Common-
wealth supports itself another column of
the college paper announces that Lucien
Koch is in the East begging funds to
carry on.

COMMUNIST, THE (Magazine)
The official monthly magazine of the
Communist Party of U.S.A. theory;
address: P.O. Box 148, Station D., N.Y.
City; 20c per copy.

COMMUNIST CAMPS
A former Communist Party executive
estimates that during 1933 there were
about 300 Communist camps in the United
States including Camps Unity (of the
T.U.U.L.), Camps Nitgedaiget, Young
Pioneer, W.I.R., Young Communist League
Camps, etc.

COMMUNIST HEADQUARTERS
The St. Denis Bldg., N.Y. City, is located
on the S.W. corner of llth and Broadway,
with addresses of 80 East llth St. on one
side and 799 Broadway on the other.
Suite 436 is the national hdqts. of the
communist Unemployed Councils now agi-
tating in 36 states. In the same building
are located the offices of the communist
F.S.U., I.L.D., I.C.O.R., Nat. Com. for
Defense Political Prisoners, Labor Re-
search Assn., Workers Health Service,
Proletarian Anti-Religious League, United
Council of Working Class Housewives,
United Council of Working Class Women,
and League of Struggle for Negro Rights.
The main hdqts. is an eight story building
owned and completely occupied by the
Communist Party. It has two addresses:
35 E. 12th St., and SO E. 13th St. 26-28
Union Square is owned by the Party and

houses the Freiheit and Daily Worker
printing plants.

Chicago district hdqts. were moved, July
1933, from 1413 W. 18th St. to 101 South
Wells St., Room 70S.

COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL, THE

See under Internationals (1st, 2nd and
3rd) ; also it is the semi-monthly official
organ of the Executive Committee of the
Communist International (lOc copy; order
from Workers Library Publishers).

COMMUNIST LEAGUE OF AMERICA
American adherents of the expelled Trot-
sky faction hi the Communist Internation-
al; organized 1928; while not affiliated
with the Communist Party of U.S.A. it
supports the Communist T.U.U.L. strikes
and participates in other "united front"
activities; is more violently revolutionary
in theory than even the parent Communist
Party. In 1930 the national committee in-
cluded Martin Abern, James P. Cannon,
Vincent Dunne, Albert Glotzer, Hugo
Oehler, Max Schactman, Carl Skoglund,
Maurice Spector, Arne Swabeck; issues
Youth and Jewish papers besides the Eng-
lish weekly "Militant"; 1933 hdqts. 126 E.
16th St., N.Y.C. (Conf. for Prog. Lab.
Action offices adjoin); Chicago hdqts.:
2SS9 W. North Ave.

(COMMUNIST) LEAGUE OF
PROFESSIONAL GROUPS FOR

FOSTER AND FORD
Communist Lg. P. G. for F. & F.

A group pledged to vote Communist and
aid the Communist Party program and
campaign; its pamphlet (published by the
Communist Party Workers Library Pub-
lishers, P.O. Box 148, Sta. D., N.Y. City,
Oct. 1932) stated: "In Sept. 1932, a group
of over fifty American writers, painters,
teachers, and other professional workers
declared their support of Foster and -Ford
and the Communist ticket in the 1932
national election. ... In October this group
was organized as the League of Professional
Groups for Foster and Ford. An editorial
committee was appointed and instructed
to expand the original statement into a
10,000 word 'Open Letter,' and publish it
as an election pamphlet. This pamphlet is
now issued under the title of 'Culture and
the Crisis.' ... As responsible intellectual
workers, we have aligned ourselves with
the frankly revolutionary Communist
Party. . . . The Communist Party of
America proposes as the real solution of
the present crisis the overthrow of the sys-

Organizations, Etc.

141

tern which is responsible for all crises. This
can only be accomplished by the conquest
of political power and the establishment of
a workers' and farmers' government which
will usher in the socialist commonwealth.
The Communist Party does not stop short
merely with a proclamation of its revo-
lutionary goal. ... Its actions and achieve-
ments are impressive evidence of its revo-
lutionary sincerity. ... We call upon all
men and women — especially workers in the
professions and arts to join in the revo-
lutionary struggle against capitalism under
the leadership of the Communist Party . . .
and join us in this move to form 'Foster
and Ford' Committees throughout the
country." Etc. Signed by:

Leonie Adams, Sherwood Anderson, Newton
Arvin, Emjo Basshe, Maurice Becker, Slater
Brown, Fielding Burke, Erskine Caldwell, Robert
Cantwell, Winifred L. Chappell, Lester Cohen,
Louis Colman, Lewis Corey, Henry Cowell, Mal-
colm Cowley, Bruce Crawford, Kyle S. Crichton,
Countee Cullen, H. W. L. Dana, Adolf Dehn,
John Dos Passos, Howard N. Doughty, Jr.,
Theodore Dreiser, Miriam" Allen De Ford, Waldo
Frank, Alfred Frueh, Murray Godwin, Eugene
Gordon, Horace Gregory, Louis Grudin, John Her-
mann, Granville Hicks, Sidney Hook, Sidney
Howard, Langston Hughes, Orrick Johns, William
N. Jones, Matthew J«,sephson, Alfred Kreymborg,
Louis Lozowick, Grace Lumpkin, Felix Morrow,
Samuel Ornitz, James Rorty, Isidor Schneider,
Frederick L. Schuman, Edwin Seaver, Herman
Simpson, Lincoln Steffens, Charles Walker, Robert
Whitaker, Edmund Wilson, Ella Winter.

Hdqts.: 35 East 12th St., N.Y. City (the
Communist " Workers School").

COMMUNIST LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE
A Communist party which broke away
from the Communist Party of U.S.A. led
by Albert Weisbord; organized Mar. IS,
1931; participates in "united front" Com-
munist strikes, etc.; its official organ is
"Class Struggle"; it puts out a shop paper
in the Brooklyn Navy Yard ("Red Dread-
nought") ; favors many of Trotsky's ultra
revolutionary theories; hdqts. Albert Weis-
bord, 212 9th St., N.Y. City.

COMMUNIST NEWSPAPERS

The "Workers Voice" is the official "mid-
west organ of the Communist Party of
the U.SA. Published at 2019 W. Division
St., Chicago, 111." Herbert Newton, colored
Communist, is its editor. The "Southern
Worker," "Western Worker," and "Mich-
igan Worker," with the "Daily Worker,"
all Communist newspapers, together, rather
thoroughly cover United States Communist
activities (in English). The Foreign Lan-
guage Groups publish 8 daily and 18 weekly
newspapers.

COMMUNIST PARTY (OPPOSITION)
Another separate Communist party
formed by members of the official Commu-
nist Party of U.S.A.; organized about 1931,
led by Communists Jay Lovestone and
Benj. Gitlow (of Garland Fund). The
Am. Labor Year Book 1932 says: that it
"fully endorses the general course of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union in
economic construction although it criticizes
the inner party methods used by the Stalin
leadership"; that its official organ "Revo-
lutionary Age," although supported by the
American Civil Liberties Union, finally was
barred by the Post Office authorities from
second class mailing privileges, the "Work-
ers Age" replacing it as the official weekly;
that "the anniversaries of the Russian
Revolution and death of Chas. E. Ruthen-
berg were the occasions of large meetings";
that "energies of the group were concen-
trated on individual unions in the needle
trades and among the anthracite and
marine workers, Locals 1 and 22 of the
Intl. Ladies Garm. Wkrs., as well as in the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers and Fur-
riers left-wing elements"; that "The re-
building of the left-wing in the Workmen's
Circle also occupied the attention" of the
Party; and that in the Nov. 1931 elec-
tions instructions were given members to
vote the official Communist Party tickets."
Jay Lovestone, editor, Will Herberg, mg.
ed., and Bertram D. Wolfe, assoc. ed., are
given as Staff members of its "Workers
Age." Hdqts. 51 W. 14th St., N.Y. City.

COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE U.S.A.

(SECTION OF THE COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONAL)

The main powerful Moscow-directed
world party of Communists. See under
Communist Organization in the U.S.A.

COMMUNIST-RECOMMENDED

AUTHORS

These authors and their writings are
officially endorsed and recommended for
reading by the "Soviet Union Review,"
organ of the official Soviet government
agency in Washington, D.C., the "Soviet
Union Information Bureau," headed by
Boris Skvirsky, known as the "unofficial
ambassador" of the Soviet Union in Wash-
ington. Considering the strictness of Soviet
censorship, an author's propaganda neces-
sarily must be pro-Soviet in order to
receive official Soviet endorsement.

Ralph Albertson, R. Page Arnot, W. J. Austin
Newton D. Baker, Roger N. Baldwin, John Becker,
May L. Becker, Karl Borders, Margaret Bourke-

142

The Red Network

White, H. N. Brailsford, Eugene Braudo, Adams
Brown, David A. Brown, Joseph Budish, Wm. C.
Bullitt, Emile Burns, George A. Burrell, Thomas
D. Campbell, John M. Carmody, Huntley Carter,
Wm. H. Chamberlain, Stuart Chase, Mrs. Cecil
Chesterton, W. P. Coates, Alzada Comstock, Hugh
Lincoln Cooper, H. M. Dadourian, Ruth Dadou-
rian, Jerome Davis, Vera Micheles Dean, John
Dewey, Maurice Dobb, Theodore Dreiser, Louis I.
Dublin, Robert W. Dunn, Walter Duranty, Hans
von Eckardt, Clough Williams Ellis, Ernestine
Evans, Michael Farbman, Arthur Feiler, Alice
Withrow Field, Louis Fischer, Joseph Freeman,
Elisha Friedman, Edgar S. Furniss, General Wm.
S. Graves, Mordecai Gorelik, Frederick Griffin,
G. T. Grinko, Anna J. Haines, Jeyhoun Bey
Hajibeyli, Talbot Faulkner Hamlin, Jack Hardy,
Samuel N. Harper, Julius F. Hecker, Maurice
Hindus, A. Ford Hinricks, John Haynes Holmes,
Calvin B. Hoover, Bruce Hopper, William Kistler
Huff, M. Ilin, Albert A. Johnson, John A. Kings-
bury, H. R. Knickerbocker, Joshua Kunitz, Ivy
Lee, Dr. Richard Lewinsohn, E. C. Lindeman, Ray
Long, Louis Lozowick, Anatole Lunacharsky,
Eugene Lyons, Robert McManus, Valeriu Marcu,
V. M. Molotov, Albert Muldavin, Scott Nearing,
Reinhold Niebuhr, Albert Parry, Ashley Pettis,
Boris Pilniak, Albert P. Pinkevitch, Walter N.
Polakov, George M. Price, George Earle .Raiguel,
Arthur Ransome, John Reed, Geroid T. Robin-
son, Edward A. Ross, Walter Arnold Rukeyser,
Leonid Sabaneyef, A. A. Santalov, Prof. Fred L.
Schuman, Louis Segal, Wm. Philip Simms, Jessica
Smith, Gregory Sokolnikov, George Soule, Max-
well S. Stewart, Anna Louise Strong, Valentine
V. Tchikoff, Rex. Guy Tugwell, Sidney Webb,
Walter Wells, William C. White, Robert Whitten,
Albert Rhys Williams, Frankwood E. Williams,
Ella Winter, Thomas Woody, Victpr Yakhontoff,
Y. A. Yakovlev, Avram Yarmolinsky, A. Y.
Yeghenian, Judah Zelitch, and Lucien Zacharoff.

See International Pamphlets, Inter-
national Publishers, and Workers Library
Publishers for further lists.

CONCEPTION CONTROL SOCIETY
A branch of the Am. Assn. for Advance-
ment of Atheism (4A).

CONCOOPS

N.Y. City Communist organization oper-
ating cooperative apartments, camps, etc.
Autos leave their Cooperative Restaurant,
2700 Bronx Park, East, regularly for
Nitgedaiget Hotel, Beacon, N.Y., Camp
Unity, etc.

CONFERENCE FOR PROGRESSIVE

LABOR ACTION
Conf. Prog. Lab. Act.

A very militant left-wing Socialist trade
union organization somewhat similar to the
communist T.U.U.L. ; cooperates with the
Trotskyite Communists in labor strikes and
struggks; is under the leadership of A. J.
Muste, until recently head of Brookwood
Labor College, and Louis Budenz, profes-
sional labor organizer and agitator. Its
Unemployed Citizens Leagues have been
active in ''united front" activities with the

Communists throughout the country. A
report Sept. 28, 1933 from Seattle, where
this League virtually controlled the last
Seattle municipal election, stated that the
Unemployed Citizens League of Seattle
was "affiliated with the National Commit-
tee of the Unemployed Councils" of the
Communist Party; supporting organization
of Nat. Com. to Aid Victims of German
Fascism (of communist W.I.R.) of which
Muste is nat. chmn., and of U.S. Congress
Against War; forming, 1934, the Amer-
ican Workers' party.

CONFERENCE FOR PROGRESSIVE
POLITICAL ACTION

A radical political organization formed
in Chicago, Feb. 20, 1922 by the LaFol-
lette organization of Farmers, Amalgamated
Clothing Workers, People's Legislative Serv-
ice (of LaFollette), Women's Trade Union
League, Farmer-Labor Party, Non-Partisan
League, Communists, Socialists, I.W.W.'s,
and radicals of all hues, for the purpose
of running and electing radical candidates
on regular party tickets. The organizing
conference praised Soviet Russia, damned
capitalism, and endorsed (in 1922 and
1923) Senators LaFollette, Brookhart, Nor-
ris, Ashhurst (Arizona) , Dill, Frazier, Kend-
rick, Ralston, Swanson, and Howell on
the Republican and Democratic tickets,
and Shipstead and Johnson (Minn.) on the
Farmer-Labor Party ticket, all of whom
were elected (See Whitney's "Reds in
America") .

Wm. H. Johnston (Sec.-Treas. of the
People's Legislative Service and Nat. Pop-
ular Govt. League) called the second Con-
ference for Progressive Political Action at
Cleveland, Dec. 11, 1922, with Edw. Keat-
ing (1933 Roosevelt appointee) as chmn.
of the Committee on Program and Reso-
lutions, Judson King (1933 Roosevelt
appointee) as delegate from the Pop. Govt.
Lg., Morris Hillquit, Victor Berger, Sey-
mour Stedman, Geo. E. Roewer, B. Char-
ney Vladeck, Otto Branstetter and James
O'Neal, as delegates from the Socialist
Party, Norman Thomas, Robt. Morss
Lovett and D. J. Meserole, as delegates
from the Socialist L.I.D., etc.

Conferences held in St. Louis, Feb. 11,
12, 1924 and July 4, 1924, prepared the
Socialist platform and nominated LaFol-
lette and Wheeler to run as the choice of
the combined radical forces on a ticket
dubbed as the "Progressive," Carl D.
Thompson, Norman Thomas, and Morris
Hillquit of the Socialist Party, and innu-
merable other well known radicals, were

Organizations, Etc.

143

delegates to these Conferences called by
Wm. H. Johnston.

Early in August 1933, a call for a United
Conference for Progressive Political Action
to be held at Judson Court, University of
Chicago, Sept. 2-3, 1933 was issued by the
socialist League for Independent Political
Action to about a hundred Socialist,
farmer-labor, racial, radical organizations.
The call was signed by Prof. John Dewey,
Congressman LaGuardia (one time Social-
ist candidate then running for Mayor of
N.Y. City on Fusion ticket), Howard Y.
Williams (exec. sec. of socialist Lg. for
Independent Political Action), Congress-
man F. H. Shoemaker, Milo Reno (leader
of farm marches and riots), Upton Sinclair
(Socialist and Communist leader then
running on Democratic ticket in Cali-
fornia), Prof. Paul Douglas (chmn. So-
cialist Party campaign 1932, now on
President Roosevelt's "Democratic" Plan-
ning Board), Prof. Robt. Morss Lovett
(leader of Socialist and Communist organ-
izations), Vida Scudder, and similar
radicals.

Paul Douglas presided as temporary
chmn. and the former LaFollette Congress-
man, Thos. R. Amlie, of Wis., was made
permanent chmn. Addresses were delivered
by W. R. Truax, Estelle Sternberger, Jos.
Schlossberg, Mayor Wm. Mahoney of St.
Paul (Socialist), John W. Wirds (pres.
United Farmers of Am.), Alfred Bingham,
editor of the radical "Common Sense"
Magazine, and other radicals.

The conference adopted a platform call-
ing for "public ownership of the means of
wealth production" as the "ultimate objec-
tive" of the movement and as a step in this
direction the nationalization of money and
credits, of public utilities and of various
"basic industries." The collapse of our
present system was predicted and the scrap-
ping of our Constitution proposed, to abol-
ish what they call "absentee ownership of
property." The establishment of national
unemployment, maternity, sick, accident,
and old age insurance, heavier taxation on
wealth, on incomes and inheritances, etc.,
and a foreign trade monopoly similar to
the Russian plan was advocated. The
masses were urged to "rise and take con-
trol."

"Cautious and conservative" measures
were adopted to "insure the realization of
their purposes" says a release from the
N.Y. City office of the movement. A pro-
motional "Committee on Action was set

up to be known as the Farmer-Labor
Political Federation with representatives in
every section of the country, authorized to
call national and state conventions on or
before July 1, 1934, and charged with
organizing farmer-labor units similar to
those now existing in Minnesota and other
states. Committees almost at once were
set up in 16 states.

Howard Y. Williams, exec. sec. of the
L.I.P.A., will remain as executive secretary
of the newly formed group.

John Dewey is hon. chmn. of the "Committee
on Action"; Oswald Garrison Villard, treas.; and
ex-Congressman Thos. K. Amlie, Henry Ohl (Pres.
Wis. Fed. Labor), Congressman Ernest Lundeen
(of Minnesota), John H. Bosch (pres. Minnesota
Farmers Holiday Assn.), Hjalmore Peterson of
Minn., Alfred Dale (state treasurer of N.D.),

E. E. Green of the Farmers' Union of N.D., John
T. Wirds (pres. United Farmers of Iowa), E. E.
Kennedy (sec. Nat. Farmers Union of 111.), Prof.
Paul Douglas, Wm. J. Joyce (of Chgo. Workers
Com. on Unemp.). Howard Y. Williams (exec,
sec. L.I.P.A.), Alfred Bingham (editor 9f "Com-
mon Sense"), Stephen Raushenbush (director of
Security Lg.), and C. G. Lubrand of Mich., are
among the Committee members.

(Nov. 1933), United Action Campaign
Committee:

Thos. R. Amlie, chmn.; Howard Y. Williams,
nat. organizer; Alfred M. Bingham, exec, sec.;
Wm. A. Anderson, Hon. Henry Arens, Alfred M.
Bingham, Kath. Devereux Blake, LeRoy E. Bow-
man, Paul Brissenden, Heywood Broun, Lucy P.
Garner, Stuart Chase, Geo. A. Coe, Eleanor G.
Coit, Jerome Davis, Edw. T. Devine, Dorothy
Detzer, Paul H. Douglas, Sherwood Eddy, Morris
Ernst, Helen Everett, Henry Pratt Fairchild,
Walter Frank, Zona Gale, Wm. P. Hapgood, John
Herring, Sidney Hillman, Julius Hochman, Jesse H.
Holmes, Ben Howe, Hannah Clothier Hull, Fannie
Hurst, Edw. L. Israel, Hon. Magnus Johnson, C.

F. Keeney, Emily R. Kneubuhl, Fiorello H.
LaGuardia, Corliss Lamont, Caroline Lamonte,
Benson Y. Landes, John A. Lapp, Abraham Lef-
kowitz, Jos. Lilly, Edward C. Lindeman, Robt.
Morss Lovett, Hon. Ernest Lundeen, Hon. Wm.
Mahoney, John McLaren, Lois Hayden Meek,
Alexander Meiklejohn, Henry Neumann, Reinhqld
Niebuhr, Bishop Edw. L. Parsons, Augustus Pig-
man, Mercedes M. Randall, Ira De A. Reid, John
Nevin Sayre, Hon. F. H. Shoemaker, Estelle M.
Sternberger, Alva W. Taylor, Oswald Garrison
Villard, Howard Y. Williams, Max Zaritsky.

CONGREGATIONAL
EDUCATION SOCIETY
Closely affiliated with the League for
Independent Political Action and other
radical organizations; similar to and co-
operates with Methodist Federation for
Social Service; Hubert C. Herring of the
A.C.L.U. nat. com. has been sec. of its
Dept. of Social Relations since 1924; its
hdqts. in 1932 occupied the same office
with the League for Independent Political
Action, 112 E. 19th St., N.Y. City.

144

The Red Network

CONGRESSIONAL EXPOSURE
OF RADICALS

The Congressional Record of the 69th
Congress, First Session, Volume 67, num-
ber 12, Dec. 19, 1925, states:

"Exposed in the Senate investigation as
war obstructors, red, etc., was long list,
and afterwards another list was given out
in January, 1921 by the Department of
Justice, of radicals who controlled radical
organizations in the United States. On
both lists we find the names of many of
the A.C.L.U. officers and committee,
including:

"Rev. Norman M. Thomas, Roger N. Baldwin,
Morris Hillquit, Scott Nearing, James H. Maurer,
Helen Phelps Stokes, Rabbi Judah L. Magnes,
Edmund C. Evans, Rev. John Haynes Holmes,
Frederick C. Howe, Oswald Garrison Villard, Agnes
Brown Leach.

"Other A.C.L.U. names on the first list
are those of:

"Jane Addams and Sophonisba P. Breckenridge
(Women's International League for Peace and Free-
dom), John Lovejoy Elliott, Elizabeth Gurley
Flynn, Rev. John N. Sayre, Rev. Harry F. Ward,
L. Hollingsworth Wood.

"While on the second list are:

"Max Eastman, Crystal Eastman, Vida D. Scud-
der, Joseph D. Cannon, George P. West, Robert
Morss Lovett, Benjamin L. Huebsch, Lincoln Col-
cord, Allan McCurdy.

"We also find on both lists the names of:

"Prof. Emily Green Balch, H. W. L. Dana of
the Workers', Education Bureau, Lillian D. Wald
of the Foreign Policy Association, Amos R. E.
Pinchot, Louis P. Lochner.

"Other noteworthy names on one or the
other lists are:

"Harold Evans, Prof. Wm. I. Hull of Swarth-
more and the Rand School, Rev. Frederick Lynch,
Kate Richards O'Hare, Jacob Panken, Alexander
Trachtenberg, James P. Warbasse, Eugene V. Debs,
Mrs. Florence Kelley of the Consumers' League,
Charles Recht, Rebecca Shelley (friend of Jane
Addams, Lochner, etc.), Isaac A. Hourwich. Lin-
coln Steffens, J. A. H. Hopkins, Harry A. Over-
street, Dudley Field Malone, Elsie Clews Parsons,
Owen R. Lovejoy."

"Connected with the communist Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union by a system of
interlocking committee memberships are a
number of other organizations that play
into the hands of the communists. Among
them are the old Intercollegiate Socialist
Society with its name changed to League
for Industrial Democracy. This tries to
poison the minds of college youths, spon-
sors college forums, the youth movement,
etc. Others are the American Committee
for Chinese Relief; the Fellowship of
Reconciliation which practically owns the
Fellowship of Youth for Peace; the Rand
School of Social Science; the Trades Union

Educational League (now the Trade Union
Unity League) ; the National Popular
Government League; the Foreign Policy
Association; the Worker's Education
Bureau; the Public Ownership League; the
Old Labor Defense League; the Conference
to Perfect Plans for the Committee of
Forty-Eight; the People's Council; Berk-
man's League for Amnesty of Political
Prisoners; Friends of Soviet Russia; Peo-
ple's Reconstruction League; the Labor
Publication Society; the People's of Amer-
ican Society; Conference for Progressive
Political Action and International Labor
Defense."

Since the above list was published in the
Congressional Record, there have been
changes in name of some of the agencies,
and many additional groups have been
organized.

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS OF
WORKERS AND FARMERS FOR
ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION
Organized by Socialist Party hi state
units; advocates abolition of Capitalism
and state ownership of all means of pro-
duction, etc. Hdqts. Moxley Bldg., Clin-
ton Street, Chicago.

(NATIONAL) CONSTRUCTION

WORKERS UNION
A Communist T.U.U.L. labor union.

COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF U.S.A.

The cooperative movement is intended
to eliminate the private store, private
industry and individual initiative. The
Cooperative League of U.S.A. is part of
the National Federation of Consumers
Cooperatives and member of the Inter-
national Cooperative Alliance of which
Centre Soyus, the Russian Cooperative, is
a member; was approved and financially
aided by the Garland Fund; has 145
affiliated societies with approximately
135,000 members; its president, J. P. War-
basse, says in his book "Cooperative
Democracy," pp. 258-9: "The ultimate aim
of the Consumer's Movement should be
to purchase the land from the farmers
and employ the latter as an agricultural
worker" (abolishing private ownership of
property is of course a fundamental prin-
ciple of Socialism-Communism) ; hdqts.:
167 W. 12th Street, N.Y. City. (See Cen-
tral Cooperative Wholesale, a member
society.)

The "Communist International," pub-
lished July, 1928 by the Communist Party
of Great Britain, p. 346, stated: "The

Organizations, Etc.

145

Cooperative League of North America
contains considerable Left Wing elements
—The Central Cooperative Exchange (Su-
perior, Wisconsin) serving 100 retail
stores is a Left Wing organization. The
Left Wingers in the Cooperatives have
succeeded in securing some relief for the
striking coal miners and recently called a
conference to extend this work. In New
York City is the United Workers' Cooper-
ative Association which is controlled by
the Left Wing. This cooperative has spread
recently to other cities, Boston, Philadel-
phia, Chicago and Los Angeles. It is build-
ing a series of houses, controls a number
of camps for workers, conducts cultural
work on a Communist basis," etc.

COOPERATIVE UNEMPLOYED
LEAGUES

Of Highland Park, Waukegan, and Lake
County, 111.; section of Federated Unem-
ployed Workers Leagues (see).

CRISIS

Monthly organ of the National Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Colored
People (N.A.A.C.P.).

D
DAILY WORKER

"Central Organ of the Communist Party
U.S.A. (Section of the Communist Inter-
national)" is its heading; pub. daily
except Sunday in English at 50 E. 13th
St., N.Y.C.; Washington Bureau, Room
954, National Press Bldg., 14th and G St.,
Wash., D.C. (Seymour Waldman and Mar-
guerite Young in charge) ; Clarence Hath-
away, editor, Harry Cannes, etc., assts.
Sold at all Communist stores and meetings.

The front page, Nov. 4, 1933, under
the heading: "Towards a Soviet America!",
says: "You can help hasten the day when
we shall celebrate a Victorious Workers'
and Farmers' Soviet Republic in the United
States by building strong the Daily Worker,
which agitates, organizes and mobilizes the
forces for the destruction of capitalism in
America."

That is plain enough sedition, is it not?

DEBS MEMORIAL RADIO STATION
Radio station WEVD named after
Eugene V. Debs, "started and continued by
Socialists and radicals," was, according to
1932 Am. Labor Year Book, "finally
allowed to keep its license after a hard
fight, and was heavily endowed by the
Jewish Daily Forward" (Socialist news-
paper). The third annual report of the

American Association for the Advance-
ment of Atheism (issued April 1929) an-
nounced (p. 3): "We have outwitted the
bigots and now broadcast regularly over
Station WEVD, New York (231.6-1300
K.C.), Saturdays, 6 P.M. The recent
increase in the power of this station en-
ables us to reach a much larger audience."

DEPARTMENT STORE

WORKERS UNION
A Communist T.U.U.L. union.

DISARM

A League for Industrial Democracy
(L.I.D.) publication which, like all Social-
ist-Communist publications, advocates com-
plete disarmament of the United States for
the purpose (as it has stated) of achieving
international Socialism, urged recognition
of militaristic Russia, urges internationalism
in place of patriotism, and features articles
advocating the establishment of the Social-
ist state and the abolition of capitalism
(or private ownership of property).

DOLL MAKERS INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union.

DREISER COMMITTEE ON COAL
A Communist - controlled committee
formed in 1931, headed by Theodore
Dreiser, to investigate mining conditions
in the Pittsburg coal district, then a center
of strike activities under the influence of
the National Miners Union (Communist) ;
the committee included: Malcolm Cowley,
Robt. W. Dunn, John Dos Passes, Mary
Heaton Vorse, Anna Rochester, Horace B.
Davis, Frank L. Palmer.

DRUG CLERKS UNION, NEW
Communist T.U.U.L. union.

ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Bulletin of the National Religion and
Labor Foundation; discussed under that
title.

ECONOMIC REVIEW OF

THE SOVIET UNION
Communist semi-monthly magazine pub-
lished by Amtorg Trading Corporation (of
the Soviet Government), 261 Fifth Ave..
N.Y. City.

EDUCATIONAL WORKERS

INTERNATIONAL

A Communist international union of
educators; American section is the Edu-

146

The Red Network

cational Workers Leagues affiliated with
the T.U.U.L., with branches in N.Y., Pa.,
Cal., Chicago, etc. The N.Y. League pub-
lishes "Education Worker," an agitational
publication for teachers; address Box 79,
Station D, New York City.

EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR
SOUTHERN POLITICAL

PRISONERS
Emer. Com. So. Pol. Pris.

A Communist committee (U.S. Report
2290), formed by the John Reed Club and
International Labor Defense (I.L.D.) to
assist the I.L.D. in raising funds for the
defense of six Communists arrested in
Atlanta, Georgia, in 1930, for seditious
activities (Herbert Newton, colored, Henry
Storey, Joe Carr, Anne Burlak, Mary Dai-
ton, and M. H. Powers) ; out of this com-
mitte grew the National Committee for
Defense of Political Prisoners; hdqts. 80
E. llth St., N.Y. City;

Theo. Dreiser, chmn.; John Dos Passes, treas.;
members: Sherwood Anderson, Wm. Rose Benet,
Witter Bynner, Malcolm Cowley, John Dos Passos,
Waldo Frank, Josephine Herbst, Sheila Hibben,
Alfred Kreymborg, Suzanna LaFollette, Scott Near-
ing, Burton Rascoe, Lola Ridge, Boardman Robin-
son, Upton Sinclair, Louis Untermyer, Carl Van
Doren, Edmund Wilson.

EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR
STRIKERS RELIEF (ALSO CHICAGO)
Emer. Com. Strik. Rel.

Organized in 1926 by Norman Thomas
and other American Civil Liberties Union
(A.C.L.U.) and League for Industrial
Democracy (L.I.D.) members, with finan-
cial aid from the Garland Fund, to assist
the Passaic textile strikers in the so-called
Communist "first lesson in revolution,"
led by Communist Albert Weisbord; it
next aided the Communist Gastonia strike;
is now aiding the left wing Socialist-Com-
munist penetrated Progressive Miners
Union strike in Illinois and is soliciting
funds through the National Religion and
Labor Foundation and other cooperating
agencies for this purpose;

1933 chairman, Norman Thomas; treasurer,
Reinhold Niebuhr; committee members: McAllister
Coleman, Anna N. Davis, Morris L. Ernst, Eliz-
abeth Oilman, Bishop F. J. McConnell, Evelyn
Preston, H. S. Raushenbush, Lillian D. Wald,
Bertha Poole Weyl, John Herling, exec. sec.

Special Committee: Helen L. Alfred, Algernon
Black, Paul Blanshard, Harriot Stanton Blatch,
Susan Brandeis, Heywood Broun, Mrs. George
Burnham, Jr., Rev. Edmund B. Chaff ee, John
Chamberlain, Stuart Chase, Dr. Bernard C. Clau-
sen, Dr. Morris R. Cohen, Marc Connelly, Max
Danish, Margaret De Silver, Mary Dreier, Sher-
wood Eddy, John Lovejoy Elliott, Charles Ervin,
Elizabeth Glendower Evans, Frederick V. Field,

Louise Adams Floyd, Walter Frank, Dr. A L
Goldwater, Powers Hapgood, Arthur Garfield Hays,
Adolph S. Held, John Haynes Holmes, J. A. H.
Hopkins, Rev. Clarence V. Howell, Rev. Paul
Jones, Nicholas Kelley, Paul U. Kellogg, Freda
Kirchwey, Corliss Lament, Rev. Leon Rosser
Land, E. C. Lindeman, Dr. Henry R. Linville,
Robert Morss Lovett, Mrs. James Marshall, Rev.
J. Howard Melish, Darwin J. Meserole, Mary
Raoul Millis, Dr. Wesley C. Mitchell, Mrs. Her-
bert Mitler, Dr. Henry Neumann, Irving S. Otten-
berg, Amos Pinchot, Margaret Pollitzer, Caroline
Pratt, George D. Pratt, Jr., Mrs. William I. Rosen-
feld, Jr., Helen G. Sahler, John Nevin Sayre, Rose
Schneidermann, Mrs. Arthur J. Slade, Rex T.
Stout, Genevieve Taggard, Alva W. Taylor,
Samuel Untermyer, Oswald Garrison Villard, James
P. Warbasse, Rev. Charles Webber, Rev. Eliot
White, Mrs. Stephen S. Wise.

The 1928 committee membership was
largely the same. Communists John Dos
Passos, Eliz. Gurley Flynn, Paxton Hibben,
and Clarina Michelson were then mem-
bers, and Forrest Bailey was treas. In
1930 Roger Baldwin, Florence and Dr.
Gertrude B. Kelley were members, also
Herbert Croly.

The Chicago branch of the Emer. Com.
Strik. Rel. hdqts. are at 20 W. Jackson
(L.I.D. hdqts.).

Robt. M. Lovett, chmn.; Karl Borders, sec.-
treas.; members: Mrs. Inez Asher, Alice Boynton,
Roy Burt, Hilda Diamond, A. Dreifuss, Prof
Thos. D. Eliot, Rev. Chas. W. Gilkey, Mrs.
Alfred Hamburger, Mrs. Esther Henshaw, Lillian
Herstein, William H. Holly, Paul Hutchinson,
Mrs. Alfred Kohn, Glenford Lawrence, Hilda
Howard Lawrence, Sam Levin, Lola Maverick
Lloyd, Mrs. Judith Lowenthal, Rabbi Louis Mann,
Wiley W. Mills, James Mullenbach, Mrs. Andrew
McLeish, Rev. U. M. McGuire, Mrs. Murry Nel-
son, Frances Paine, Mrs. James F. Porter, Curtis
W. Reese, Donald R. Richberg, Ethelyn Potter
Rolfe, Mrs. M. E. Simpson, Graham Taylor, Mrs.
Walter Vose, Chas. Weller, Edw. Winston, Victor
Yarros.

EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR

STRIKERS RELIEF NOW WORKING

FOR SOUTHERN TEXTILE

STRIKERS
Emer. Com. Strik. Rel. N.W.F.S.T.S.

The name given the Emergency Com-
mittee for Strikers Relief (see above) dur-
ing one of its activities.

EMERGENCY PEACE FEDERATION
Oct. 1914 to Mar. 1915, and revived
Feb. to May, 1917 as a rejuvenation of
American Neutral Conf. Com.; organized
first by Rosika Schwimmer, Louis Loch-
ner, Jane Addams, and representatives of
six Socialist and fifteen Socialist-sympath-
izing organizations, to propagandize a peace
favorable to Germany (Lusk Report) ; the
1917 revival was aided as well by Mrs.
Henry Villard (mother of Oswald Garrison
Villard), Emily Greene Balch, Mrs. J. S.
Cram, Norman Thomas, Mrs. Warbasse,

Organizations, Etc.

147

Lola M. Lloyd, etc.; a "peace demonstra-
tion" of 250 was staged Feb. 12, 1917 at
the White House; $76,000 was raised in
three months and a nation-wide propaganda
organization perfected; a letter condemn-
ing it, which was received by Congressman
Chandler and is reproduced in the Lusk
Report, ends: "I cannot believe you will
give a moment's consideration to the pro-
German propaganda of the so-called Emer-
gency Peace Federation, but I feel that
you should hear from those who condemn
it as traitorous and dangerous not alone
to the United States, but to world civil-
ization." (See also under A.C.L.U. For-
mation.)

EMMA GOLDMAN CIRCLES

Anarchist-Communist groups.

ENGLISH REDS

"The dividing line between Socialism and
Communism is an imaginary one, like the
equator. The Socialist ('Labour') Party
sometimes publicly repudiates Communism ;
and then elects Communists to its own
Executive ; and Communists run the Labour
Research Department. Socialists find
excuses for all crimes of the Bolsheviks,
who direct and finance Communism all
the World over," says the authentic "Potted
Biographies" (of Boswell Publishing,
Ltd., 10 Essex St., London, W.C., price
6 d), which gives startling facts and
extremely interesting political record^ of
49 Socialists (some belonging to the Com-
munist Party). These "Socialists" are:

C. G. Ammon, Norman Angell, R. Page Arnot,
Miss Margaret Bondfield, H. N. Brailsford, A.
Fenner Brockway, John Bromley, W. J. Brown, C.
Roden Buxton, W. M. Citrine, J. R. Clynes, G.
D. H. Cole, A. J. Cook, Herbert Dunnico, J. H.
Hayes, Arthur Henderson, George Hicks, Frank
Hodges, J. F. Horrabin, F. W. Jowett, Jos. Mon-
tague Kenworthy, George Lansbury, Harold J.
Laski, J. Ramsay MacDonald, C. J. L'Estrange
Malone, Tom Mann, James Maxton, Sir Oswald
Mosley, H. Pollitt, A. A. W. H. Ponsonby (Lord
Ponsonby), Bertrand A. W. Russell, Dora Rus-
sell, S. Saklatvala, Tom Shaw, Emanuel Shinwell,
Robert Smillie, Herbert Smith, Philip Snowden,
H. H. Thomas, E. Thurtle, Ben Tillett, C. P.
Trevelyan (Sir), R. C. Wallhead, Sidney Webb
(Lord Passfield), J. C. Wedgwood, Miss Ellen C.
Wilkinson, Robert Williams, and Edward F. Wise.

LEEDS CONFERENCE

"The Patriot" (of London) for June 1,
1933 says: "that Litvinoff— who left this
country for this country's good fifteen
years ago — is to be permitted re-entry to
attend the Economic Conference is un-
fortunate. . . . His presence will be a
national insult. ... He is a Jew whose
real name is Finklestein, and he lived in

the East End before the war. He attracted
the notice of Scotland Yard in June, 1917,
as one of six members of the Moscow
Soviet who arrived in London — apparently
by invitation — in order to witness the
overthrow of constitutional government by
Ramsay MacDonald's Leeds conference,
which was a treasonable attempt to destroy
our Constitution — in the midst of the war
in our national defense — by setting up
Soviets here under the name of Soldiers'
and Workers' Councils. Litvinoff took an
office at 82 Victoria Street, which he called
the Russian Embassy. There were a num-
ber of complaints of Litvinoff's offences
against the Defense of the Realm Act in
1917 and 1918, but he was merely sent to
Brixton Gaol and had his fingerprints
taken and was then deported as an unde-
sirable alien."

"This attempt to organize a revolution
to end the war was supported by the
U.D.C." (wartime organization of the
Socialist Ind. Labour Party), "Indepen-
dent Labor Party, British Socialist Party,
Women's International League" (Jane
Addams', under Mrs. Pethwick Lawrence),
"Herald League (an offshoot of the Daily
Herald), the Clyde Workers Committee,
etc. Sinn Feiners also attended the con-
vention. Among the supporters of the
scheme were Tom Mann, Arthur Mac-
Manus, W. Gallacher (Clyde), Noah
Ablett, and other Syndicalists from South
Wales." (Morning Post, Nov. 1918.)

The "Socialist Network" by N. Webster
says: "Amongst the most active supporters
of the movement were Ramsay MacDonald,
the Snowdens and C. G. Ammon, all Ind.
Labour Party; Chas. Roden Buxton, Peth-
wick Lawrence and Bertrand Russell, U.D.
C.; E. C. Faerchild and Mrs. Dora Monte-
fiore, British Socialist Party; and Sylvia
Pankhurst of the Workers Socialist Fed-
eration" (which became Communist in
1920).

"It was in May of the same year, 1917,
that Ramsay MacDonald applied for a
passport to go to Russia in order to con-
sult with the Workmen's and Soldiers'
Soviets, but in view of his Pacifist activities
during the war the National Seamen and
Firemen's Union under Havelock Wilson
refused to carry him."

"Potted Biographies" says: "In June
1917, MacDonald, assisted by Snowden,
Smillie, Ammon, Anderson, Roden Buxton,
Mrs. Despard, Mrs. Snowden, and many
East End Jews, held a conference at Leeds,
and agreed to the formation of Workmen's
and Soldiers' Councils, on Russian lines,

148

The Red Network

to end the war by outbreak of a revolution
which wouM paralyze our military oper-
ations. MacDonald said: 'Now is the
turn of the people; we must lay down our
terms; make our own proclamations; estab-
lish our own diplomacy.' He was appointed
to the committee for acting and creating
thirteen Soviets. In April 1918, a huge mass
meeting at Woolwich passed this resolution,
reported in the Times: 'That this meeting
says: "To Hell with Ramsay MacDonald
and Philip Snowden. . . . that the engineers
of Woolrich Arsenal are Englishmen and
they demand to be led by men who love
their country." ' . . . Mr. MacDonald was
Prime Minister in the nine months Socialist
Government of 1924, inflicted on us by
Mr. Asquith. In the Govt. were twenty-
seven members of the Ind. Labour Party,
and it was responsible for recognition of
the atrocious Soviet Govt. with the con-
sequent enormous extension of the prepar-
ations for World Revolution and with
active promotion of strikes and labour un-
rest here. ... In March, 1924, he was
recipient of 30,000 shares in McVitie and
Price Biscuit Co. and a Daimler car."

GENERAL STRIKE

"In 1925 delegates from Moscow were
in England arranging with members of
the Trades Union Congress for strikes
which might develop into revolution; and
on May 1, 1926, the great General Strike
was declared at a meeting of trade union
leaders, when MacDonald said: 'We (the
Socialist Party) are there in the battle with
you, taking our share uncomplainingly until
the end has come and right and justice
have been done.' He and J. H. Thomas
then joined in singing 'The Red Flag';
and he became a co-opted member of the
Strike Committee, which was later charged
in a Cabinet paper with 'having held a
pistol at the head of Constitutional Gov-
ernment.' . . . Mr. Baldwin said: 'The
General Strike will remain forever a stain
on the annals of our country.' . . . Miss
Ellen Wilkinson" (a Communist made an
Ind. Labour Party executive) "took a very
active part in the General Strike. . . . She
toured the country addressing strike meet-
ings. . . . MacDonald in Oct. 1928 said
the strike 'as the manifestation of human
solidarity was one of the most glorious
things that this 20th Century had pro-
duced' . . . during the Miners' strike he
wrote Miss Ellen Wilkinson in the U.S.

•" oi<»

. . . , etc.
See Independent Labour Party also.

EUGENICS PUBLISHING CO.

Affiliate of Freethought Press (anti-
religious), having identical addresses and
companion catalogues. Dr. Wm. J. Robin-
son, author of "the scathing denunciation
of religion" so lauded by Albert Einstein
in the atheist catalogue, is also author of
several of the sex books. "Sane Sex and
Sane Living" by H. W. Long, purporting
to be written to benefit "married couples,"
uses some medical language, wallows ap-
parently in enthusiastic licentiousness with
descriptive erotic suggestions, and recom-
mends and condones masturbation. The
advertising leaflet for this book states that
it is "Recommended by Union Theological
Seminary." ( !) Vile advertisements are
sent out offering lewd books about sex
perversions and atrocities fully illustrated.
Why the Post Office Dept. allows such
material to go through the mails is a
mystery. Hdqts. 317 E. 34th St., N.Y.
City.

EX-SERVICE MEN'S
INTERNATIONAL

Communist veterans' organization with
which the Workers Ex-Service Men's
League (of the U.S.) is affiliated, formed
by Communist Henri Barbusse, of France,
its president; its purpose is "to make war
on war" by bloody Red revolution ; teaches
soldiers to "turn an imperialist war into
civil war."

F
FABIAN SOCIETY

An English "drawing room Socialists' "
society; founded 1884 by Prof. Thomas
Davidson, "an ethical Anarchist-Commu-
nist," who was quickly superseded by G.
B. Shaw, then a clerk, and Sidney Webb,
son of a London hairdresser, Annie Besant
and H. G. Wells later becoming leading
members; "by its method of middle class
permeation, notably in the Civil Service,
has done more to accelerate the revolution-
ary movement than the crude agitation of
the Socialist Democratic Federation" (from
"Socialist Network" by Nesta Webster) ;
its program states: "The Fabian Society
consists of Socialists. It therefore aims at
the reorganization of Society by the
emancipation of Land and Industrial
Capital from individual ownership," etc.;
aided in forming the very red Independent
Labour Party of Great Britain in 1893
(see Ind. Lab. Party).

FARMER LABOR PARTY

Is virtually synonymous and inter-
changeable with the Socialist Party, each

Organizations, Etc.

149

supporting candidates of the other party
for certain offices; strong in Minnesota.

FARMER LABOR POLITICAL
FEDERATION

Formed by the Conference for Progres-
sive Political Action (see) ; pres. Thos. R.
Amlie; Alfred M. Bingham, exec. sec.

FARMERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE
OF ACTION

See under United Farmers League.

FEDERAL COUNCIL OF
CHURCHES OF CHRIST

IN AMERICA
Fed. Coun. Chs.

The Federal Council's claim that it repre-
sents the will of 22,000,000 Protestant
Church members is ridiculous. Members
of Protestant congregations do no voting
on the policies of this Council. While about
400 delegates meet once every four years,
appointed on the basis of four from each
of twenty-eight denominations, plus one
for each 50,000 communicants, these are
entertained by a well planned steam-roll-
ered program. The executive committee
meets only once a year. In the interim,
an Administrative Committee of twenty-
eight members largely appointed by the
Council's President issues the radical pro-
nouncements in favor of Birth Control,
disarmament, Negro social equality, League
of Nations, World Court, prohibition, and
against "sanctioning war" and the Naval
Bill, against deportation or exclusion of
alien Reds (in cooperation with the
A.C.L.U.) — all matters upon which the
22,000,000 Protestant Church members
never vote at all. S. Parkes Cadman,
now on the nat. com. of the very red Nat.
Religion and Labor Foundation, president
of the Federal Council 1924-8 and radio
minister of the same since, has shocked
many denominational leaders into agitating
for withdrawal from the Federal Council
by his radio talks in contravention of
essential New Testament Christian doc-
trines. Bishop Francis J. McConnell,
president from 1929-33, has a long record
for radicalism (see this "Who's Who").
Many denominational and Congressional
protests have been registered concerning
radical Council activities, but "The evi-
dence shows that the Federal Council will
continue to function regardless of any
activity by the membership denominations
respecting financial support since 75 per
cent of its income is donated from out-

side the churches, a condition which tends
to support the charge that it is serving
these interests instead of the denomi-
nations." (From "Tainted Contacts" by
E. N. Sanctuary, 156 5th Ave., N.Y. City,
price 50c and $1.00, an expose of the
Federal Council.)

The Marion Star stated: '"They have
been hand in hand with the Civil Liberties
Union which has been doing its utmost
to oppose, hinder and hamstring the Gov-
ernment in every activity in which it has
engaged to protect American lives and
property from the foes of all governments
. . . from the I.W.W., the agents of Soviet
Russia, from Communists and Direct-
actionists of every label and variety. It
was responsible for the sending out to
125,000 Clergymen the Kirby Page anti-
war service pledge 'I never again will sanc-
tion or participate in war' and 'will not
give financial or moral support to any
war.' It is to the everlasting credit of the
clergy that the 125,000 largely refused to
sign the seditious pledge. It is indeed
heartening to know that one of our Fed-
eral lawmakers has the backbone ... to
ask that this organization, which has been
so consistently fighting the government
and all its policies for the protection of
American ideals, be investigated. The
country should know the people at the
head of it and the forces behind them,
and the manner in which they are making
dupes of the memberships of many
denominations of the Christian Church of
the land."

In 1914 Carnegie endowed the Church
Peace Union, a self perpetuating board of
29 trustees practically all of whom are in
some way identified with the Federal
Council, "which gave the controlling group
in the Federal Council an annual income
which has enabled it to run the budget
for the Federal Council and its cooperating
organizations up into the millions. Among
these organizations are the Church Peace
Union, World's Alliance for International
Friendship Through the Churches, The
Commission on International Friendship
and Good Will, the National Council for
Prevention of War, American Civil Liber-
ties Union." ("Pastors, Politicians and
Pacifists" by Smith- Johns.)

The Federal Council admittedly violates
the American ideal of separation of Church
and State. In relating the work of its
Washington Committee (on page 217 of
the Federal Council "Handbook of the
Churches"), it states that it "Serves as a
center for the cooperating work of the

150

The Red Network

churches in their relation to agencies of
the government. It is a clearing house of
information concerning governmental activ-
ities which affect moral and social con-
ditions and also a medium for interpreting
to the government from time to time the
point of view of the churches."

FEDERAL COUNCIL SEX PAMPHLET
"Young Peoples Relationships" is a dis-
gusting sex manual for "leaders of young
people between the ages of 16 and 19"
written by "a Conference convened by the
Federal Council of Churches. Issued under
the auspices of the Conference on Prepar-
ation for Home Making, Instituted by the
Federal Council of Churches" . . . (quoted
from its title page). General Amos Fries,
in his booklet "Sugar Coating Commu-
nism" (price 2Sc; address: 3305 Woodley
Road, Washington, D.C.), hails this sex
manual as "A crowning achievement of the
Federal Council controlling group along
the line of preparing the way for atheistic
communism." Perhaps because of Gen.
Fries' exposure, the reference, in the second
printing of the manual, to the Federal
Council sponsorship has been carefully
deleted. Otherwise it is the same and is
sold by the Pilgrim Press (14 Beacon St.,
Boston and 418 S. Market Street, Chicago,
price 7Sc) .

Full detailed instructions and tests for
studying various phases of sex and sexual
intercourse by the "discussion method" in
an "atmosphere" that is "informal,"
"frank," and "open minded" are given with
the advice that "some leaders report good
results in mixed groups." Model "opinion"
and "word" tests are given to analyse the
reactions of the young people individually
to suggestive words and sentences such as:
"Light Petting, Heavy Petting, Sex Con-
sciousness in Girls, in Boys, Birth Control,
Unmarried Mother, Flaming Youth, Mod-
esty, Free Love, Necking; What sensations
come from spooning ? ; On the basis of the
stimulation experienced by men at the
touch of some girls what is the stimulation
in the girl and is that stimulation more
intense at some times than at others?;
What can a girl do when she is out with
a boy in a car and he stops along the road,
turns off the light and says 'Now we can
have a good time?'"; etc., etc., etc. The
Birth Control report of the Federal Coun-
cil "Committee on Marriage and the Home"
is quoted in this pamphlet with this addi-
tion: "This report contemplates only the
use of contraceptives by married people,
the facts stated however are of universal

interest and apply with still more signifi-
cance to sexual intercourse outside of mar-
riage." The infamous Mary Ware Dennett
pamphlet "The Sex Side of Life" is en-
dorsed as "indispensable." Gen. Fries
states: "Anyone reading the whole pam-
phlet cannot fail to get the idea that when
all is said and done sexual intercourse is
a personal matter and if two want to
indulge therein it is nobody else's business.
. . . Had this pamphlet come out of Russia
direct as one of their means of breaking
down all morality, the family, and the
home, as the final step toward communism,
we would have felt it well qualified to
carry out the intent of its authors." What
a manual for use, as it recommends itself,
for "Denominational Summer Conferences,
Young People's Societies and Study Groups
in Churches, in Hi-Y Clubs and Girl
Reserves!" It was "prepared by Benj. S.
Winchester," who is secretary of the Fed-
eral Council and contributing editor of the
official Federal Council Bulletin, while Fed-
eral Council officials Rev. Samuel McCrea
Cavert (executive secretary of the Council
and Editor of the Bulletin) and Rev.
.Worth M. Tippy (secretary of the Council
and contributing editor of its Bulletin)
were fellow members of the Conference
which assisted and sponsored its prepar-
ation and publication. The average parent
would sicken with disgust to take part in
such licentious discussions as are presented
in this manual for decent young church
people who normally would never hear or
become interested in a tenth part of the
sexual trash presented for them to "study"
in this manual.

FEDERATED PRESS
Fed. Press.

Claimed by Communists as their own
press service; headed by Carl Haessler of
the communist Chgo. Workers School;
supplies news to Communist, Socialist,
radical, revolutionary papers in the United
States; was handsomely aided by the Gar-
land Fund (see "Garland Fund") ; the
Lusk Report (1920) quotes Roger Bald-
win as saying "There was organized some-
time in 1908 largely through the activity
of Scott Nearing, a small press association
known as the International Labor News
Service with headquarters at 7 East 15th
Street. The active management of the news
service was in the hands of Louis P. Loch-
ner. ... In December 1919 (it) became the
Federated Press. The Federated Press is
now serving something over one hundred
papers . . . has international connections

Organizations, Etc.

151

with and cable news service from England,
Scandinavia, France and Australia. Its
news service deals primarily with the labor
movement and with revolutionary pro-
gress"; U.S. Report 2290 points out that
Tass, the Soviet Union Telegraph Agency,
has one and the same office and representa-
tive at Washington, B.C., with the Fed-
erated Press; E. J. Costello, its first man-
ager, after visiting Russia and European
countries, to establish connections with rev-
olutionary organizations, was deported from
England (1920) as a Red. Louis P. Loch-
ner took charge of the Berlin office used
as a publicity outlet by the Third Inter-
national of Moscow; Carl Haessler sup-
planted Costello as manager from 1922
on; in 1927 members of the Federated Press
executive board were Earl Browder and
Arne Swabeck of the executive committee
of the Communist Party, W. Maloney,
Joseph Schlossberg, Phil Ziegler, John
McGivney, Math Tenhunen (prominent
Communist), Albert F. Coyle and Frank
Palmer; in order to collect funds to aid
the Federated Press, a Federated Press
League was organized in Chicago, Feb. 4,
1922, with Robert Morss Lovett as pres-
ident. Wm. Z. Foster was then a member
of the executive board of the Federated
Press.

The Chicago office of Carl Haessler and
the Federated Press is (1933) also the office
of the A.C.L.U. Chgo. Committee, the
Chgo. Com. for Struggle Against War, the
Acme News Syndicate and the "Institute
for Mortuary Research" (whatever that
is), of which Haessler is director.

FEDERATION OF UNEMPLOYED
ORGANIZATIONS OF COOK COUNTY
Fed. Unemp. Org. Cook Co.

A Communist-officered committee with
hdqts. at 1910 South Kedzie Ave., Chicago,
and, according to its letterhead, "Affiliated
to the National Federation of Unemployed
Workers Leagues of America" (Borders') ;
a letter dated July 12, 1933, signed by the
Communist chairman, Karl Lochner, was
addressed "To All Workers Organizations in
Cook County," and said in part: "The
newly organized Federation of Unemployed
Organizations of Cook County is organiz-
ing a Hunger March to force an answer
from the bosses for next July 26th. . . .
We want your organization to endorse this
march, to participate in it under your
own signs and banners, and to help popu-
larize it. ... Further, this action will
require the issuing of a great deal of pub-
licity matter at considerable expense. We

want to ask your organization to help us
in this by making a generous donation.
We can send you speakers for meetings.
You can get publicity material from our
headquarters after July 19. Fraternally
yours, Karl Lochner."

This letterhead lists as officers:
Chmn., Karl Lochner, Unemployed Council (of
Communist Party) ; vice chmn., Bernard Klein,
Chicago Workers Committee (Expelled Local No.
2); secretary, L. Armstrong, Unemployed Coun-
cil; treas., J. Kasper, Chicago Workers Committee
on Unemployment; exec, com.; Harry D. Weiser,
Melting Pot League of America; G. Reeves, Un-
employed Council; May Delin, Women's Com-
mittee, Unemployed Council; Albert Simon, Chi-
cago Workers Committee (Expelled Local No. 2);
Norman Satir, Workers League of America (of
communist Proletarian Party); Paul Tucker, Un-
employed Council; O. Heckner, Single Men's
Committee, Unemployed Council.

FEDERATION OF UNEMPLOYED
WORKERS LEAGUES OF AMERICA

(NATIONAL)
Fed. Unemp. Wkrs. Lgs. Am.

A communist-I.W.W.-controlled "united
front" federation of unemployed organ-
izations first organized all over the U.S.
in 1932-33 by Karl Borders, who also
headed it as nat. chmn. until its national
convention, held at Lincoln Center, Chi-
cago, May 13-15, 1933, at which time
Tom Dixon (of the Proletarian Party's
(Communist) "Workers Leagues") be-
came nat. chmn.; A. Guss (of the
Communist Party's "Unemployed Coun-
cils") became vice chmn.; Eddy Statt-
man (organizer of I.W.W. "Unem-
ployed Unions") became treas.; George
Leach (of Border's "Chicago Workers Com-
mittee on Unemployment" (chmn. Local
34) ) became sec. The I.W.W., Proletarian
and various Communist parties are, of
course, all openly revolutionary bodies.
An executive committee was also elected
consisting of Hugo Oehler (of the nat.
exec. com. of the Communist League,
known as "Trotskyites," and representa-
tive of the Unemployed Unions of Gillespie
111., center of recent Communist agitation
and hdqts. of the Progressive Miners
Union) ; Warren Lamson (chmn. of the
Communist Cook County, 111. "Unemployed
Councils," teacher at the Chicago Workers
School of revolution) ; Zimmerman of the
Proletarian Party's (Communist) "Workers
Leagues"; V. Didwell (of People's Council
of Bellingham) ; D. Harrington (of United
Producers of Wash.) ; Wm. R. Truax of
the "Unemployed Citizens Leagues" of the
Conference for Progressive Labor Action
(militant left-wing-Socialist, Communist-

152

The Red Network

cooperating "Musteites") ; Lore (of the
S. E. Missouri "Unemployed Leagues" of
the same Conference for Progressive Labor
Action) ; Welsh (of the N.Y. "Association
of Unemployed" of the Communist Party
(opposition) "Lovestoneites") ; Mattock
(of the Proletarian Party's (Communist)
"Workers Leagues") ; Conners (of the
Allen County, Indiana "Unemployed Assn."
of the Communist Party (opposition)
"Lovestoneites").

The "New Frontier" (April 19, 1933),
organ of the Chicago Workers Committee
on Unemployment, which was also organ-
ized by Karl Borders, stated: "Jobless
leagues throughout the country have been
asked by the Federation of Unemployed
Workers Leagues of America to send dele-
gates to a convention in Chicago, May 13-
15. The Workers Committee on Unemploy-
ment and the Workers League, Chicago
branches of the Federation, have agreed
to act as hosts. They will feed and lodge
the delegates. Sessions will be held at Lin-
coln Center, 700 Oakwood Blvd."

The May 3, 1933 issue said: "Federation
Still Growing — Affiliations are still coming
in daily. The list now includes:

"Chicago Workers Committee; Workers League
of America (branches in Chicago, Buffalo, and Los
Angeles) ; Racine County Workers' Committee on
Unemployment; Downers Grove Unemployed Coun-
cil; Unemployed Citizens' League of Michigan
(branches at Detroit, Lansing, Owosso, Battle
Creek, Bay City, Grand Rapids); Unemployed
Citizens' League of St. Louis; Arbeiter Kultur
Sport Verein; Waukegan Cooperative Unemploy-
ment League; Dayton Cooperative Production
Units; Eastern Ohio Unemployed Leagues (18
branches) ; Unemployment League of Des Moines
County; Houston Unemployment League; Com-
munity Cooperative Farms (Visalia, Cal.); Mem-
phis Unemployed Citizens' League; South Bend
Unemployed Council; Buffalo League of the)
Unemployed; Indianapolis Unemployment League;
People's Unemployment League of Maryland;
Unemployed Union of Boston; Tenants and Un-
employed League of Washington, D.C.; Socialist
Unemployed Union of Richmond, Virginia;
Workers' Unemployed Leagues of New York;
United Men and Women Workers of Terre Haute;
Dauphin County (Pa.) Workers' Committee on
Unemployment; Unemployed League of New
Bedford, Mass.; Summit County (Ohio) Workers'
League; Fall River Unemployed Union; New
York Workers' Committee on Unemployment;
Unemployed Union of New Jersey."

FEDERATED UNEMPLOYED
WORKERS LEAGUES OF

NEW YORK
Fed. Unemp. Wkrs. Lgs. N.Y.

Federated Feb. 1933 as part of the Fed-
erated Unemployed Workers Leagues of
America (see) ; associated in New York
with the Y.M.C.A., Y.M.H.A., Urban
League, N.A.A.C.P.; Committee (as an-

nounced in the Communist press): Paul
Blanshard, Fannia Cohn, Heywood Broun,
Rose Schneidermann, Morris Hillquit,
Walter Frank, Arthur Garfield Hays, Freda
Kirch wey, Morris Ernst, J. Howard Melish,
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Rabbi
Stephen Wise, John Haynes Holmes.

FELLOWSHIP FOR A CHRISTIAN

SOCIAL ORDER
Fell. Christ. Soc. Order

Merged about 1929 with the Fellowship
of Reconciliation; Kirby Page was chair-
man of the executive committee.

FELLOWSHIP OF FAITHS

"Be ye not unequally yoked together with un-
believers; for what fellowship hath righteousness
with unrighteousness? and what communion hath
light with darkness?" (II Corinth., 6:14.)

Like the Reconciliation Trips (see) of
the Fell. Recon., it seeks to propagandize
the anti-national internationalism and
"reconciliation" of all races and creeds into
one, or none, that is part of the program
of Communism and Socialism. "How Ex-
pand Patriotism into World Consciousness"
is a typical program subject. Speakers for
the debasing and degrading Hindu,
Mohammedan, Pagan and Agnostic Cults
are placed in "fellowship" and on an equal
footing with speakers for Jesus Christ.
The audiences chant a mixture of prayers
and ritual from all of these. The savage
Mohammedan call of the muezzin as heard
in darkest Asia is mingled with the propa-
ganda of the Hindu, Jew and agnostic.
Negro choirs and performers give an inter-
racial touch to the meetings. This jumbling
of contradictory beliefs leads only to con-
fusion and unbelief, and robs Jesus Christ
of His rightful place as the Light of this
World. Its bulletins were handed out by
the Communist booksellers at the A.S.
C.R.R.-L.I.D. Brookhart-Fish debate Mar.
21, 1932. Ignorance of the purposes of its
radical sponsors enables it to draw in
numerous non-radical dupes who see only
the supposed beauty of "fellowship" and
"brotherly love" (with paganism).

Radicals of all hues addressed its World
Fellowship of Faiths Parliament, held in
Chicago, Aug. 27 to Sept. 17, 1933, includ-
ing Raja Jai Bahadur Singh of India",
"founder of the Humanistic Club," an
atheistic movement, W. P. Hapgood, Rabbi
Hillel Silver, Dean Roscoe Pound, Karl
Borders, James M. Yard, Philip LaFol-
lette, Carl D. Thompson, Rosika Schwim-
mer, Jesse H. Holmes, Charlotte Perkins
Oilman, Jabez T. Sunderland of A. Lin-

Organizations, Etc.

153

coin Center "Unity," Rabbi Chas. E. Shul-
man, Eliz. Oilman, Curtis Reese, Mary E.
McDowell, Mrs. M. H. Ford (Bahaist
speaker), Margaret Sanger ("Crusading
Freethinker"), Ex-Sen. Brookhart, Benj. C.
Marsh, Norman B. Barr, etc., etc.

The speaker for the Parliament at two
sessions was the unfrocked "Bishop" Wm.
Montgomery Brown, author of atheist
books for children and head of the commu-
nist W.I.R., which runs the anti-religious
Red revolutionary Young Pioneer camps.
He sacrilegiously wore a Bishop's tunic
with a cross. To quote from the Bulletin
of Advisory Associates: "Brown soon
launched into a glorification of Soviet Rus-
sia stating there was one place in the
world where they had dared to end the
exploitation of man. ... He said that in
Russia science had replaced supernatural-
ness and religion was gradually being
stamped out and that the new generation
being reared there was free from the old
shackles of religious beliefs in God in the
skies . . . that the youth were not per-
mitted to have their minds filled with
reverence for abstract deities up in the
skies and that science was replacing
religion for the new generation. ... He
said that the U.S.S.R. was just the fore-
runner of an international Communist state
which would gradually absorb all capitalist
states which were gradually decaying away.
Brown said that the only way to attain
this international Communist state was
through revolution and that he used the
term advisedly knowing full well the cost
attached to revolution but that the results
were worth all. He said that the present
corrupt and decayed capitalist systems must
be torn down in order to build wholly
anew, and that if any government, church
or institution opposed or stood in the way
of the attainment of this Communist state,
they must be ruthlessly overthrown and
destroyed.

"These utterly seditious remarks were
received with enthusiastic applause by the
audience and as he stressed his various
points many of the audience could be seen
vigorously nodding their heads in approval.
In concluding his remarks 'Bishop' Brown
said that if world unity were to be attained
it must be through International Commu-
nism and could be arrived at by banishing
the Gods from the Skies and capitalists
from the Earth (his slogan) and then, and
only then, would there exist a complete
World Fellowship of Faiths.

"His conclusion was greeted with a wild
round of applause. Charles Frederick

Weller then arose and Brown was asked
to repeat his concluding remarks, which
he did. Then Weller thanked the 'Bishop'
for his 'stirring' message and said that the
audience, irrespective of individual view-
points, could not help but admire the
courage and stirring quality of 'Bishop'
Brown's message and he was sure that
others felt the same as he did, that they
had been of the same belief as Brown for
some time but did not have the courage
to come out and admit it and he wanted
to say at this time that he was in thorough
agreement with the sentiments as expressed
by 'Bishop' Brown."

This Chas. F. Weller and Kedarnath Das Gupta
are the "General Executives'' of the Fellowship of
Faiths, with hdqts. at Room 320, 139 N. Clark
St., Chicago. Das Gupta is "one of the three
General Executives of the Threefold Movement —
Fellowship of Faiths, Union of East and West,
League of Neighbors."

"National Committee of 300": Hon. Pres.:
Jane Addams; Vice Presidents: Newton D.
Baker, Prof. John Dewey, Glenn Frank, Dr. John
A. Lapp, Dr. R. A. Millikan, Frank Murphy
(Gov. of the Philippines), Chester Rowell, Mary
Woolley; Chmn., Bishop Francis J. McConnell;
Vice Chairmen: Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Prof.
E. R. A. Seligman, Patrick Henry Callahan.

"Chicago Committee of 200": Chmn., Dr.
Ernest F. Tittle; Vice Chairmen: Dr. Preston
Bradley, Dr. Albert Buckner Coe. Other Chicago
Committee members are: Dr. Chas. Gilkey, chmn.
South Side; Rev. Irwin St. John Tucker, chmn.
Northwest Side; Rev. E. F. Tittle, chmn. North
Shore; Chas. Clayton Morrison, Chmn. Chicago
general committee; Rabbi Chas. E. Shulman,
James Mullenbach, Rabbi S. Felix Mendelsohn,
Chandra Seena Gooneratne (see China Com-
mittees), Thos. W. Allinson (father of Brent
Dow), W. Frank McClure, Frank Orman Beck
(Recon. Trips), Mrs. B. F. Langworthy, Rev.
Norman Barr, and the following who are also
A.C.L.U. committeemen: Rabbi Louis L. Mann,
Mary McDowell, Robt. Morss Lovett, Fred Atkins
Moore, Horace J. Bridges, A. Eustace Haydon,
Amelia Sears, Curtis Reese, Wm. H. Holly, Clar-
ence Darrow, Jane Addams (an A.C.L.U. founder),
etc., etc.

Communist Brown's talks before the Fell.
Faiths 1933 Parliament in Chgo. are now
printed and being advertised by him in
his atheist children's book. They are
entitled "Communism — the New Faith for
the New World" (price lOc, Bradford
Brown Edu. Co., Galion, Ohio). He calls
them "Two outspoken appeals on behalf
of communism."

FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION

Fell. Recon.

A radical-"pacifist" organization of about
10,000 members employing Christian terms
to spread communistic propaganda; con-
ducts Reconciliation Trips (see) ; widely
circulated, in 1932, petitions for Recog-
nition of Russia (see) ; affiliated with
socialist Pioneer Youth of America; a sec-

154

The Red Network

tion of the ultra-radical War Resisters
International; sponsored the Lane Pam-
phlet against military training for the pub-
lication and distribution of which the red
Garland Fund spent $5,400; a supporting
organization, in conjunction with revolu-
tionary Communist, I.W.W. and Socialist
bodies, of the communist-called and con-
trolled Congresses Against War (U.S., Stu-
dent, World Congress of Youth) ; its
executive secretary, J. B. Matthews, took
an active part in these Congresses either
as chairman, speaker, or organizer. I heard
him cheered at the huge communist
Mooney meeting, May 1, 1933, when he
expressed his friendship and solidarity with
the Reds and said he wished Mooney's
chances of getting out of jail were as good
as his were of leaving the Socialist for the
Communist Party. His selection as co-
chairman, with Communist Donald Hender-
son, of the U.S. Congress Against War, to
preside over the two platforms from which
the Communist Party's outstanding revo-
lutionary agitators were to speak was an
"honor" indicating reciprocal esteem for
him on their part. The Feb. 1933 issue of
"Student Outlook" (militant Socialist
L.I.D. organ), of which he is editor, stated
that he is "not oppjsed to a war that
would end capitalism" (for his further
remarks see under Student Congress).
Henri Barbusse, Tom Mann, Earl Browder,
Michael Gold, "Mother" Bloor, Jack
Stachel, all Communist leaders, and J. B.
Matthews were the speakers at the dinner
given in honor of Tom Mann's arrival from
England, Oct. 6, 1933, at Hotel Paramount,
N.Y. City.

A Fell. Recon. leaflet stating the position
and purpose of the Fell. Recon. admon-
ishes: "Position A. Keep Central and
Typical the Reference to Jesus" in order
"to influence churches and the Christian
Student Movement and to secure their
cooperation in spreading radical Christian
views on war economics and race issues"
and "for demonstrating left-wing Christian-
ity" as "hitherto our leadership and sup-
port have come mainly from Christian
sources. These sources especially have
made possible the extension of our work
in Europe, Central America, and Southern
United States" (quoted in first article on
Pacifism). .

It sponsored and called the conference
for the communist All-America Anti-
Imperialist League at Wash., B.C., Oct.
29-30, 1926 (Federated Press, Oct. 21,
1926). It is one of the branches of the
International Fellowship of Reconciliation

which originated in Holland about 1914.
The American branch was organized 1917
by Norman Thomas aided by his fellow
radicals Jane Addams, Harry Ward, Emily
Greene Balch, Jessie W. Hughan, W. Rau-
shenbush, Oswald G. Villard, etc., later
joined by Scott Nearing, Anna Rochester,
Paul Jones, John Nevin Sayre, etc. It
participates in International War Resisters
(see) conferences.

The International Fellowship of Recon-
ciliation conference, held at Lyons, France,
Aug. 29, 1929, issued a pamphlet, widely
distributed by the American branch. It is
entitled "Christ and the Class War" and
states: "We are agreed in our conviction
that the class war is a fact; that, whether
we will or not, each one of us is involved;
that, as a Fellowship, we must work
toward a radical reorganization of society" ;
recommendations for activity include:
"Joining political movements which aim at
the replacement of private capitalism by
a system of collective ownership" (Com-
munism-Socialism) ; "aiding movements
for the freeing of exploited colonial peoples
from alien control by imperialist powers,
for opposing race discrimination," (same
as revolutionary Socialist-Communist prop-
aganda), "supporting movements for dis-
armament, the abolition of compulsory
military service and the settlement of
conflicts by judicial method or conciliation
realizing that so long as military force is
maintained for possible international war
there is grave danger that it will be used
in the class war" (the very meat of Social-
ist-Communist so-called "pacifism") ; "We
urge on Fellowship members the study of
the experiment of Soviet Russia in relation
to the class struggle and in those countries
which do not yet recognize the Soviet
Union we urge them to support efforts to
establish normal diplomatic relations" (with
the Soviet Union which aims for world
bloody revolution); etc. 1933 Chairman:
Reinhold Niebuhr (the Marxian, also U.S.
Congress Speaker).

Executive Secretaries: J. B. Matthews and John
Nevin Sayre; Secretary: For South, Howard A.
Kester; for Latin America, Chas. A. Thomson;
for Industry, Chas. C. Webber; Vice Chairmen:
Adelaide T. Case, Edmund B. Chaffee, Kirby
Page; Treas. Wm. C. Biddle; Asst. Treasurers:
James M. Boyd and Tucker P. Smith; Chmn.
Exec. Com. Wm. C. Bowen.

National Council members whose terms expired
1929: Jane Addams, Don M. Chase, Elmer Cope,
Juliette Derricotte, Carol Hyde, A. J. Muste,
James Myers, Roy Newton, Wm. B. Spofford.
Grace Watson, Theresa Wilson; terms exnired
1928: Devere Allen, Kath. Ashworth Baldwin,
Roger Baldwin, Gilbert Beaver. Helena Dudley,
Benj. Gerig, Harold Hatch, Caroline LaMonte.
Scott Nearing, Edw. Richards, Galen Russell,

Organizations, Rtc.

155

Tucker P. Smith, Chas. Webber. Recent execu-
tives: A. J. Muste (militant labor agitator and
Socialist), Paul Jones, George Collins, Amy
Blanche Greene, etc.

European headquarters: 2126 Doubler-
gasse, Vienna; 17 Red Lion Square, W.C.I.,
London. New York City hdqts., until
recently, 383 Bible House Astor Place, now
29 Broadway.

FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION
PETITION FOR RUSSIAN

RECOGNITION
Fell. Recon. Pet. Russ. Recog.

A petition headed "For the Recognition
of Soviet Russia" circulated in 1932 by the
Fellowship of Reconciliation, in behalf of
the Soviet government, which proudly
announces that it intends to overthrow
ours by bloody Red terror and Commu-
nist revolution, stated: "In the interests
of World Peace and as a measure of mutual
economic advantage I urge the immediate
recognition of the Soviet government of
Russia by the United States." The letter
inclosed with this petition stated that
"shortly after the November election" the
petition would be presented to the Presi-
dent-elect" and was signed by J. B.
Matthews, as exec, sec., who is so promi-
nently featured as speaker at Communist
affairs in company with Communist Party
leaders. Attached was the following list
headed: "The following college and uni-
versity presidents have signed this request":

W. A. Neilson, Smith Coll.; Marion E. Park,
Bryn Mawr Coll.; Ellen F. Pendleton, Wellesley
Coll.; G. Bromley Oxnam, DePauw U.; Horace
D. Taft, The Taft Sch.; John Hope, Atlanta U.;
Daniel W. Morehouse, Drake U.; H. C. Bedford,
Penn. Coll.; J. A. C. Chandler, William and
Mary Coll.; Earl E. Harper, Evansville Coll.;
Howell A. King, U. of Baltimore; M. H. Knud-
sen, Snow Coll.; Clyde L. Lyon, Eureka Coll.;
Henry T. Moore, Skidmore Coll.; Earl A. Road-
man, Dak. Wesleyan U.; Chas. J. Smith, Roanoke
Coll.; Paul F. Voelker, Battle Creek Coll.; John
H. Wood, Culver-Stockton Coll.; Paul H. Buch-
ho!z, U. of Dubuque; Arlo Ayres Brown, Drew
U.; W. J. Hutchins, Berea Coll.; W. Douglas
Mackenzie, Hartford Sem.; F. E. Eiselen, Gar-
rett Bibl. Inst.; Arthur E. Morgan, Antioch
Coll.; Wallace W. Attwood, Clark U.; I, N.
McGash, Phillips U.; W. H. Hall, Wilmington
Coll.; William T. Holmes, Tougaloo Coll.; H. L.
Kent, N. M. Coll. of Agr. and Mech. Arts;
Lucien Koch, Commonwealth Coll.; Robt. Wil-
liams, Ohio Northern U.; C. P. McClelland,
MacMurray Coll.; W. O. Mendenhall, Friends U.;
Margaret S. Morriss, Pembroke Coll.; Wm. H.
Powers, S.D. State Coll.; John O. Spencer, Mor-
gan Coll.; Wm. J. Wilkinson, Colby Coll.; Harry
A. Garfield, Williams Coll.; Daniel L. Marsh,
Boston U.; Henry Sloane Coffin, Union Theol.
Sem. ; Thomas E. Jones, Fisk Univ. ; Henry J.
Doenmann, U. of Toledo; Wm. Pearson Tolley,
Allegheny Coll.; B. I. Bell, St. Stephens Coll.;
Harvey N. Davis, Stevens Inst.; Ralph K. Hickok,
Western Coll.; O. E. Kriege, New Orleans U.;

H. L. McCrorey, Johnson C. Smith tT.; John S.
Nollen, Grinnell Coll.; Albert B. Storms, Bald-
win-Wallace Coll.; Robert E. Blackwell, Ran-
dolph-Macon Coll.; Albert W. Palmer, Chicago
Theol. Sem.; Ernest H. Wilkins, Oberlin Coll.;
W. P. Behan, Ottawa U.; Norman F. Coleman,
Reed Coll.; Franklin S. Harris, Brigham Young
U.; V. F. Schwalin, McPherson Coll.; C. W.
Tenney, Gooding Coll.; Arthur Braden, Tran-
sylvania U.

Some of the 350 Professors who signed are:
Earle Eubank, Cincinnati U.; Jerome Davis, Yale
U.; Gordon W. Allport, Harvard U.; Ernest F.
Tittle, Garrett Bibl. Inst.; T. V. Smith, U. of
Chgo.; Daniel A. Prescott, Gen. Edu. Bel.; H. A.
Overstreet, City Coll. of N.Y.; Paul Monroe,
Teachers Coll.; Frederick Efershuer, Butler U.;
Charles P. Rowland, Yale U.; Charles W. Gil-
key, U. of Chgo.; D. F. Fleming, Vanderbilt U.;
John Dewey, Columbia U.; Zechariah Chafee,
Harvard U.; Benj. H. Williams, U. of Pitts.;
Ida Sitler, Hollins Coll.; Ernest Minor Patterson,
U. of Pa.; Reinhold Niebuhr, Union Theol.
Sem.; James C. Miller, U. of Pa.; Robert Morss
Lovett, U. of Chgo.; S. Ralph Harlow, Smith
Coll.; Arthur N. Holcombe, Harvard U.; Her-
bert F. Fraser, Swarthmore Coll.; Stephen P.
Duggan, Inst of Intl. Edu.; John R. Commons,
Wis. U.; Thomas Woody, U. of Pa.; Edwin R A
Seligman, Columbia U.; 0. Myeing Niehus, No.
Tchrs. Coll.; Edward C. Lindeman, N.Y. Sch. of
Soc. Wk.; Hugh Hartshorne, Yale U.- Wm
Trufant Foster, Pollak Found.; Horace A. Eaton,
Syracuse U.; Phillip W. L. Cox, N.Y. U.; Henry
Nelson Wieman, U. of Chgo.; Alva W. Taylor,
Vanderbilt U.; Wm. F. Russell, Columbia U.;
Paul Jones, Antioch Coll.; Wm. H. Kilpatrick,
Columbia U. Tchrs. Coll.; Harry Emerson Fos-
dick, Union Theol. Sem.; Harold U. Faulkner,
Smith Coll.

FELLOWSHIP OF SOCIALIST

CHRISTIANS

A Union Theological Seminary (see)
movement.

FELLOWSHIP OF YOUTH FOR PEACE

Became the Youth Section of the Fellow-
ship of Reconciliation, about 1928.

FELLOWSHIP PRESS

Formerly published the Socialist "World
Tomorrow" and rec'd. money from the
Garland Fund for this purpose.

FINNISH CULTURAL FEDERATION

Section of the Revolutionary Writers
Federation (Communist).

FINNISH PROGRESSIVE SOCIETY
A Communist Party affiliated group.

FINNISH WORKERS AND
FARMERS LEAGUE

Affiliated with the Workers and Farmers
Cooperative Alliance of the communist
T.U.U.L.

FINNISH WORKERS
FEDERATION, INC.

Of the Communist Party Foreign Lan-
guage Groups (see) ; includes Finnish

156

The Red Network

Workers Clubs, Finnish Women's Club
(Chicago), and groups in various cities;
conducted Young Pioneer Camp at Lake
Zurich, 111. 1933; its publishing plant in
N.C. City printed the "Pioneer Song Book"
for Young Pioneers 1933.

FIRST AMERICAN TRADE UNION

DELEGATION TO RUSSIA
1st Am. Tr. Un. Delg. to Russia

In Aug.-Sept. 1927; was exulted over
by the Communist Party; repudiated and
denied the sanction of the A.F. of L. be-
cause of its communistic character; its
trip was reported for the Federated Press
and Daily Worker; its first report "Russia
After Ten Years" was published by the
communist International Publishers; its
later report entitled "Soviet Russia in the
Second Decade" sold by Communist book
stores and recommended by the Soviet
Union Information Bureau (see Mar. 1931
issue of its official publication "Soviet
Union Review") ; this book report was
edited by Stuart Chase, Rex. Tugwell and
Communist Robert W. Dunn, fellow mem-
bers of the delegation, and is a mass of
misleading communistic propaganda; Frank
P. Walsh, counsel for the expedition in a
letter soliciting funds, dated July 12, 1927
(reproduced in the Better America Fed-
eration Bulletin of July 27, 1927) said
in part:

"Dear Comrade: We are running into strong
opposition from the reactionary president, Wm.
Green, of the A.F. of L., who has learned about
our planned mission to Russia and has refused to
this date to sanction and authorize our commission
to be a representative body of the A.F. of L."
(gives names of members, etc.). "We have
picked these men personally and there is no
danger of sabotaging the mission by any one of
the delegation's rostrum, for the majority is in
our hands. However. 1 do expect opposition from
Johnson, Ziegler" (these evidently did not go)
"and Fitzpatrick but since I am the Counsel for
the mission you may trust the rest to me. The
American Trade Union Delegation . . . feels
justified in calling upon all persons outside the
ranks of the organized labor movement to defray
the cost of pur traveling expenses and of cover-
ing the publication of our report. . . . Knowing
your relations with the Liberal movement of Cali-
fornia especially with Mrs. K. C. Gartz" (see
this "Who's Who") "I am forced to ask you
for financial contribution to the amount of at
least $5,000, which I figure should be California's
contribution to this greatest of all undertakings
for the cause of Russia. . . . Remember we need
$20,000 and by the end of July. For cooperation,
Sincerely Yours, Frank P. Walsh, Counsel, The
American Trades Union Mission to Russia."

Efforts of the Delegation to pose as offi-
cially representative of the A.F. of L. were
quickly spiked by Wm. Green, President
of the A.F. of L., who on May 27 issued
a statement asserting in part:

"For the purpose of relieving any wrong public
impression which may prevail, this delegation is
not clothed with authority to speak for American
labor, or for the American Federation of Labor."
(Chicago Tribune, May 28, 1927).

At the Workers Party (the name of the
Communist Party at that time) Cenvention
held Sept. 1927 in N.Y. City, Jay Love-
stone, then national secretary of the Com-
munist Party, called special attention to
the fact that the Communists had been able
over the protest of the A.F. of L. to send
a "labor" delegation to Soviet Russia
(Marvin Data Sheets) ; during the tour
Frank Palmer (see this "Who's Who")
wrote reports for the Federated Press, the
first from aboard ship appearing in the
"Federated Press Labor Letter," August
18, 1927, and headed "Labor Mission on
Way to Europe and Russia"; the Daily
Worker published an article Oct. 12, 1927,
after their return, headed "Palmer Praises
Labor in U.S.S.R."; in 1930 Palmer was
made field secretary of the Chicago A.C.
L.U. committee headed by Arthur Fisher,
a fellow delegation member and president
of the A.C.L.U. Chicago branch. Fisher
is a Winnetka neighbor of Carleton Wash-
burne of the delegation, who is Supt. of
Winnetka Public Schools.

The book report "Soviet Russia in the
Second Decade — a Joint Survey by the
Technical Staff of the First American Trade
Union Delegation, edited by Stuart Chase,
Robt. Dunn and Rexford Guy Tugwell,"
lists as labor members of the American
Trade Union Delegation to the Soviet
Union: James H. Maurer, John Brophy,
Frank L. Palmer, Albert F. Coyle, James
W. Fitzpatrick; and as "technical staff"
members: Stuart Chase, Robt. W. Dunn,
Jerome Davis, George S. Counts, Rexford
Guy Tugwell, Paul H. Douglas, Arthur
Fisher, Carleton Washburne (all listed in
this "Who's Who") and a few other pro-
Soviets ; the preface states that "The mem-
bers of the party did not travel or work
singly and at all stages of the tour there
was discussion and exchange of experience.
. . . Some of us were in Russia for over
two months, one or two remained only a
fortnight. We visited Moscow, Leningrad
and then split into five small parties. .^ . .
Collectively we interviewed the most im-
portant figures in the country, including
Stalin, Menjhinsky, Kalinin, Chicherin,
Lunacharsky, Schmidt, Trotsky," etc.

Washburne in his section of the book on
"Soviet Education" says, p. 305: "This
study was made unfortunately in August
(1927) when most schools were not in
session. . . . This fact, the shortness of the

Organizations, Etc.

157

time available and the necessity of talking
through interpreters constitute the prin-
cipal and most serious limitations of the
study"; yet, he sympathetically says on
the same page: "We almost never felt any
attempt to suppress unfavorable facts or to
exaggerate favorable ones" (!) and feels
able to enthuse on p. 306 that "Today
Soviet Russia as a whole probably has
the most modern and progressive school
program and methods of any country in
the world," a conclusion labeled as just
pure "bunkum" by those unbiased by com-
munistic sympathies.

Washburne's "alibi" for his membership
in this delegation (see North Shore Topics,
Winnetka, Apr. 7, 1933) was: "I was
crossing the Atlantic to speak to an Edu-
cational Conference in Locarno, Switz., in
the summer of 1927. On the same ship were
some university professors who had been
asked by a group of trade unionists to
make an unbiased study of the situation in
Russia." (Note Walsh's letter) "They had
no one to study Russian schools and asked
if I would go with them and do this job."
As a matter of fact, George S. Counts,
Washburne's associate in the Progressive
Edu. Assn., and a member of this staff,
writes the companion section of the book
on education, of which Washburne in his
part says: "This section of the report
confines itself to what is called in Russia
'Social Education' — the regular education
of children from 3 to 16 or 17 years of age.
Prof. Counts' report takes up the other
phases of education — higher education, fac-
tory schools, the abolition of illiteracy,
etc."

FOOD WORKERS INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union; 4 W. 18th
St., N.Y. City.

FORD PEACE PARTY
"To get the boys out of the trenches
by Christmas," according to its slogan;
organized by Rosika Schwimmer with
Louis P. Lochner acting as general secre-
tary ; financed by Henry Ford, who not
only paid all expenses of the exposition
but handsome honorariums to the delegates
besides; sailed on Oscar II, the Peace Ship
—Dec. 4, 1915; the Lusk Report says:
"Among the passengers ... we find the
names of some thirty-odd men and women
afterward active in furthering 'peace' pro-
German or inter-nationalist movements,
many of whom are active revolutionaries
today"; Jane Addams whose place because
of illness was taken by Emily Balch, Wm.

C. Bullitt "well-known radical" (adviser
of U.S. State Dept. and now Ambassador
to Soviet Russia), Lola Maverick Lloyd
and her brother Lewis Maverick, Carl D.
Thompson, etc., are listed among members
"afterwards active in radical movements."
Altho Ford and Lochner finally broke,
"Lochner considered a great deal had been
gained for the cause through the Ford
Party. . . . The 'Conference of Neutral
Internationalists and Pacifists' entirely
financed by Mr. Ford was held in Stock-
holm from about March to July, 1917"
(two years later) ; "Miss Balch was
appointed to organize an American Neutral
Conference Committee in New York on
her return; the Central Organization for a
Durable Peace was enriched by at least
$2,000," etc., "though the Ford Peace trip
was generally ridiculed as the irresponsible
venture of nebulous dreamers, Lochner and
Mme. Schwimmer had in the undertaking
a perfectly practical object. This was to
•effect a powerful international 'Conference
of Neutrals' to which the Ford Pilgrims
were to be delegates and the foreign dele-
gates of the Central Organization for a
Durable Peace a sort of steering Com-
mittee. . . . Miss McMillan is still an officer
of the International Suffrage Alliance; and
Mme. Schwimmer has had the distinction
of being the first Bolshevik Ambassador
from Hungary to Switzerland in 1919, her
career being cut short by the fall of Bela
Kun . . . perhaps then the Ford Peace
Party may have served a useful purpose
not generally understood."

FOREIGN LANGUAGE GROUPS

The Communist Party central committee
operates about 16 Bureaus which control
foreign language federations of Lettish,
Italian, Hungarian, Finnish, Chinese,
Ukrainian, Czechoslovak, Albanian, Polish,
Jaivish, Esthonian, Lithuanian, Russian,
Spanish, Armenian, Japanese groups. Each
federation is composed of various "Work-
ers" clubs, cultural and insurance societies,
etc., called "mass organizations," officered
and controlled by "Party fractions" (or
"nuclei" of Party members). These "frac-
tions" hold separate meetings and are
expected to control, in accordance with
instructions, the "mass" group. The Fed-
eration pays a per capita membership fee
to the Communist Party as a federation.
Many of the federation members are not
individual members of the Party. The
policy in fact of the Communist Party is
that all party members must be active
Party workers and organizers and control

158

The Red Network

from ten to fifty or more non-party mem-
bers each by officering and boring from
within mass groups in order to influence,
bring and hold these groups under Com-
munist control. Each federation has a
secretary and an official Communist pub-
lication in its own language. A secretary
of all the federations directs activities from
N.Y. City. There are 8 daily foreign
language Communist newspapers published
in the United States and, besides the pub-
lications of the foreign language fed-
erations named above, there are Greek,
Armenian, Bohemian, German, Bulgarian,
Rumanian, Portuguese, Slovak, Jugo Slav,
Yiddish, communist publications.

The "Party Organizer" (for Communist
Party members), June- July, 1930 issue,
page 10, in an article entitled "Short-
comings of Party Fractions in Language
Work," stated: "Reports given by 16
Language Bureaus of the Central Com-
mittee uncover many weaknesses in our
language fractions. . . . The fractions
directed by 16 bureaus and numbering
about 5000 Party members control organ-
izations having about 50,000 members.
About 800 Party members work among
140,000 workers in organizations in which
we have influence. . . . Work in small, Party
controlled organizations in which in some
cases the Party members are the majority
of those present at the meetings develop a
tendency of giving these organizations
almost a role of the Party, at least similar
political functions. ... A redistribution of
these forces so that most of the Party
members shall be organized in real mass
organizations for struggle against reaction,
for Party policies and leadership, is neces-
sary."

FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION
For. Pol. Assn.

Named in "Congressional Exposure of
Radicals" (see) as one of the organizations
interlocked by membership with the Ameri-
can Civil Liberties Union "that play into
the hands of the Communists"; it organ-
ized the National Council for Prevention
of War 1921; changed its own name from
League of Free Nations 1921; claims 11,000
members and stated in 1932: "Last year
41,000 men and women met at 108 meetings
in 19 cities"; in order to "educate public
opinion" conducts long series of radio
addresses, Institutes, study groups, discus-
sion meetings, luncheons, lectures; issues
pamphlets, maintains a "research staff." In
its 1932 pamphlet series such authors are
listed as Morris Hillquit, Paul Douglas,

John A. Ryan, Harry D. Gideonse, Geo.
H. Blakeslee (Am. Friends Peace Institute
faculty member at Evanston), Max East-
man, Maurice Hindus, George Soule, John
Dewey, Wm. E. Borah.

In an able and lengthy paper Matthew
Woll, vice pres. of the A.F. of L., in April
1929, referred to the Foreign Policy state-
ments favoring recognition of Russia and
its pamphlets prepared by Vera A. Micheles
(Dean) of the Foreign Policy research
staff, saying in part: "These pamphlets
are not merely partisan in adopting the
Soviet view on this question but by wholly
repressing important sections of the U.S.
documents quoted and by giving other
sections out of their context, have mis-
represented our State Dept. policy to the
point of presenting it as being the very
reverse of what it actually is."

James G. McDonald, who has been the
Foreign Policy Assn. chairman since 1919
and who gives radio addresses for the
Assn. about foreign affairs, in a speech
before the Phila. branch stated that Soviet
Russia wished to maintain peace, "But
intentions are hampered frequently by the
activities of the Russian Communist Party
and the Third International neither of
which the government has power to con-
trol." To this false statement, long used
by the Communists when trying to side
step retaliation for their own activities,
patriotic Ralph Easely retorted by show-
ing that the executive committees of the
Third International, the Soviet Government
and the Communist Party of Russia are
practically identical, Stalin, Buhkarin,
Tchitcherin, Rykoff, for example, being on
all three, also by quoting Pravda's official
statements concerning their plans for world
revolution. He commented on McDonald's
statement that he had never felt he knew
enough about alleged Bolshevik activities
in America to warrant the expression of a
positive opinion, by saying: "If you can
display such ignorance in the matter of
Red propaganda in a country where you
have lived for years, how reliable would
you be likely to be in telling what is hap-
pening in Europe and Asia where you spent
only a few months on a tour last summer?"

Francis Ralston Welsh says: "Of course
there are some respectable fronts in the
Foreign Policy Assn., of course they do not
realize what it is, and equally of course
it is the object of the Foreign Policy Assn.
to have respectable fronts as part of their
camouflage. There is no room for doubt
that it belongs in the class with the Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union, the League for

Organizations, Etc.

159

Industrial Democracy, the Fellowship of
Reconciliation, the International League
for Peace and Freedom, the Peoples Lobby,
the National Popular Government League
and others of the sort as some of the well
camouflaged organizations of the American
Civil Liberties Union crowd which help
the Communist cause."

Among those on the national council are:

James G. McDonald, chmn., Jane Addams,
Stephen P. Duggan, Bishop Francis J. McConnell,
Wm. A. Neilson, Roscoe Pound, Rev. John A.
Ryan, Wm. Allen White, Wm. Scarlett, Capitalist
Thos. Lament (a member of the firm of J. P.
Morgan, international bankers, and father of
Corliss, who is a radical). Among the directors are
Mrs. Thos. Lament, Lillian D. Wald, Mrs. Henry
Goddard Leach, Paul U. Kellogg (chmn. finance
committee), Bruce Bliven of the New Republic,
Francis Biddle (signer of appeals for Sacco and
Vanzetti, whose verse was published in the Libera-
tor, of which his wife was a stockholder when Max
Eastman was editor), etc.

Branches are in Albany, N.Y., Baltimore, Bos-
ton, Buffalo, Columbus, Elmira, N.Y., Hartford,
Conn., Phila., Pittsburgh, Providence, R.I., Rich-
mond, Va., Rochester, N.Y., St. Paul, Minn.,
Springfield, Mass., Toledo, O., Utica, N.Y., Wor-
cester, Mass. National headquarters: 18 E.
41st St., N.Y. City.

FORWARD (JEWISH DAILY)
A Socialist publication; Abraham Cahan,
editor, N.Y. City.

FRAZIER AMENDMENT
Senator Lynn Frazier's proposal to
amend the Constitution of the U.S. so as
to disarm and render the U.S. virtually
defenseless; introduced for the third time
at U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee hear-
ing April 13, 1930; backed by the Women's
Peace Union, Women's International League
for Peace and Freedom, Fellowship of
Reconciliation, War Resisters International,
American Friends Service Committee, Pa.
Committee for Total Disarmament; the
Amendment reads: "War for any purpose
shall be illegal, and neither the U.S. nor
any state, territory, association or person
subject to its jurisdiction shall prepare for,
declare, engage in or carry on war or other
armed conflict, expedition, invasion or
undertaking within or without the U.S.
nor shall any funds be raised, appropriated
or expended for such purpose."

FREE SOCIETY

Anarchist-Communists — that is, believers
in a cooperative society without state gov-
ernment. To quote from the Nov. 11, 1933
manifesto of the Chicago group:

"Nov. the llth marks an epoch in the
history of the working class in America . . .
four anarchists were hanged in Chicago.

. . . Forty-six years ago Nov. 1887 Par-
sons, Linng, Fischer, Spies, believed in a
society without the state ... the abolition
of private property, the abolition of the
state and the establishment of a masterless,
stateless society. They were anarchists. . . .
We the Free Society Group of Chicago,
followers of the ideal for which Parsons
and his comrades stood . . . pledge our-
selves to continue their noble and liber-
tarian work."

At the meeting at which this manifesto
was distributed, Ben Reitman spoke and
in answer to questions declared that he is
still an Anarchist. He read a letter from
his old amour, Emma Goldman, who
expressed hope of returning to the U.S.A.
under the Roosevelt administration. She
was planning to organize meetings in Can-
ada and meet the comrades from the
U.S.A. on Canadian soil meantime. Her
"slip of paper" marriage for the purpose
of giving her English citizenship would ad-
mit her to Canada. Ben criticized her for
being temporarily downhearted at her
exile from the U.S.A. and for her antagon-
ism toward Russia (which he favors) . Her
wonderful work for Anarchism should be
enough to keep her happy, he declared.
He said that he was most optimistic, after
having spoken in a Theological Seminary,
at Chicago University, and to a Methodist
group during the preceding week, at the
way the students and particularly the
theological students were coming along in
radicalism. The seizure of the whole Hor-
mel Plant at Austin, Minn., by red strikers
was another encouraging sign of the times,
he said.

M. Olay (Spanish anarchist) presided.
He represents the Chicago anarchists in
united front activities, such as the Ky.
Miners Def. and Relief Com. of the
I.W.W., Nat. Mooney Coun. of Action of
the Communists, etc., and as a contributor
to the book "Recovery Through Revolu-
tion" (see).

The Chicago groups are conducting
weekly forums for the 4th year every
Sunday night at the socialist Workmen's
Circle school, 1241 N. California Ave.
Other anarchist forums (in English) are at:

Free Workers Center, 219 Second Ave., N.Y.
City, Harry Kelley in charge; Jack London Guild,
1057 Steiner St., near Golden Gate Ave., Friday
night forums, Clubrooms International Group,
2787 Folsom St., San Francisco, Cal.; Freedom
Forum every Thursday, at 224 S. Spring St.,
Hall 218, Los Angeles, Cal.; Roseland Edu-
cational Forum every Sunday, 2 :30 P.M., Dutch
Hall, 233 lllth St., Chicago; Cleveland, O.
Libertarian Forum, every Sunday night, Garment
Workers Hall.

160

The Red Network

American 1933 Anarchist publications: "Free-
dom," a monthly, 219 Second Ave., N.Y. City.
Harry Kelley, M. Jagendorf, editors; "The
Vanguard," N.Y. City; "Free Arbeiter Stimme,"
N.Y. City; "L'Adunata," Newark, N.J.J "Alba,"
Pitts., Pa.; "Man," San Francisco, Cal., 1000
Jefferson St., Marcus Graham, editor, "Culture.
Proletaria," N.Y. City; "Eresia," N.Y. City;
"Dielo Truda," Chicago.

FREETHINKERS OF AMERICA

National Atheist organization in New
York City linked with the International
Freethought Union of Europe; head-
quarters are with the Freethought Press
Association (for anti-religious books), and
the Eugenics Publishing Co. (for sex
literature of the most revolting type),
which have the same cable and street
address (317 E. 34th St., New York City,
formerly 250 W. 54th St.). The president
is Joseph Lewis, whose biography, written
by an admiring atheist, A. H. Rowland,
with introduction by Prof. H. E. Barnes,
is entitled "Joseph Lewis, Enemy of God."
Joseph Lewis threatened Mr. Wm. J.
O'Shea, Supt. Dept. Education, City of
New York, 59th and Park Ave., N.Y. City,
on Dec. 21, 1928, as follows:

"Sir:

"It is generally known that the practice pre-
vails, in the Public Schools of this City, of open-
ing the sessions by reading selections from a book
commonly known as 'The Bible,' together with
the singing of religious hymns,****

"As a resident of the City of New York, a
property owner and a taxpayer, I hereby notify
you that I demand that this illegal practice be
discontinued, and that the reading of 'The Bible,'
and all other religious exercises, in the schools,
be stopped.

"Unless this is promptly done, and I am
advised by you within the next 10 days, or two
weeks, that 'Bible' reading and psalm singing
in the Public Schools will be prohibited and ended,
I shall file a Taxpayer's Suit to enjoin this
illegal practice.

"Yours sincerely,

(Signed) "Joseph Lewis,
"President."

The suit was filed and was being carried
on to the Supreme Court by the American
Civil Liberties Union (see) (May 3, 1932
issue "American Teacher"). One wonders
how minister members of the A.C.L.U.
can hold up their heads for shame who
presume to serve Jesus Christ and the Bible
while paying for and backing such a suit !

Officers: Pres. Joseph Lewis; 1st Vice-Pres.,
Dr. Charles A. Andrews; 2nd Vice-Pres., Garabed
Locke; Sec., J. G. Tallon; Treas., Julius Jano-
witz; Attorney, Maj. Joseph Wheless; Honorary
Vice-Presidents: J. F. D. Hoge, Herbert Asbury,
Rupert Hughes, Clarence Darrow, Clarence H.
Low, Prof. Ellen Hayes, Mme. Olga Petrova,
Phillip G. Peabody, Theodore Schroeder, Prof.
Harry Elmer Barnes, Mrs. Maude Ingersoll
Probasco.

FREETHINKERS INGERSOLL

COMMITTEE

To quote: "In recognition of Col. Robt.
G. Ingersoll's most noteworthy contri-
butions to the emancipation of mankind
from religious superstition," an "Inter-
national Committee" was formed by the
Freethinkers to collect funds for an Inger-
soll monument to be erected in Washing-
ton, D.C., and to stage a memorial cele-
bration during 1933, the hundredth anni-
versary of Ingersoll's birth. Maude Inger-
soll Probasco, chmn.; W. McLean Pro-
basco, treas. ; Jos. Lewis, sec. Officers of
The Am. Assn. for the Advancement of
Atheism assisted at the celebration and
served on the committee.

FREETHOUGHT PRESS

See Freethinkers of America; catalogue
lists 180 anti-religious books. Among these
are: "Twilight of Christianity," by Prof.
H. E. Barnes; "Infidels and Heretics," by
Clarence Darrow and Walter Rice; "To
the Pure," by Morris Ernst and Wm.
Seagle ("A study of obscenity and the
censor — A valuable contribution to the
literature of Man's struggle with his sex
complex, and the efforts of organized
religion in politics to stifle his attempts to
acquire information") ; "The Mistakes of
Jesus," by Wm. Floyd; "Let Freedom
Ring," by Arthur Garfield Hays; "Joseph
Lewis, Enemy of God," by Arthur H.
Rowland (catalogue quotes preface by Prof.
H. E. Barnes, who calls Lewis "the most
aggressive and effective leader of irreligion
in America today" and adds: "Interesting
in every line this book by Mr. Rowland
(once a Methodist minister) makes clear
the aims and aspirations of Atheism as
expounded by Jos. Lewis") ; "The Bible
Unmasked," by Jos. Lewis ("Its analysis
of so many of the perversions, liaisons and
licentious escapades of biblical characters
is a brilliant and daring feat of honest
scholarship . . . despite the censorship
which has been placed on it in some coun-
tries— notably Canada, where its sale is
still prohibited — over 50,000 copies have
been printed"). (Author's note: I have
this disgusting obscene book which not
only portrays Christ as a bastard and Mary
as immoral but imputes immoral conduct
to the angels in visiting Mary) ; "The
Tyranny of God," by Jos. Lewis (". . . a
devastating attack on the theistic con-
ception of the universe. . . . Says Clarence
Darrow, The book is bold and true beyond
dispute. I wish I were the author.' ") ;
"Atheism— What It Is, What It Means,"

Organizations, Etc.

161

by Jos. Lewis ("Rev. John Haynes Holmes,
famous minister of the Community Church
New York City calls it 'brilliant in the
extreme, altogether the best statement on
Atheism I have ever heard.' ") ; "If I were
God," by Dr. Wm. J. Robinson, who is a
sex writer for Eugenics Pub. Co. also
("Albert Einstein, the great discoverer of
the Theory of Relativity admires this book
so much that, as he wrote the author, a
copy is on his desk at all times. It is a
sweeping criticism of religion with its
bigotry and intolerance.") ; "Marriage and
Morals," by Bertrand Russell (containing
"sufficient dynamite to blast a carload of
ordinary sex popularizers from the face of
the earth. Mr. Russell deals most com-
petently and completely with practically
every ramification of sex and sex life.") ;
"Forgery in Christianity," by Maj. Jos.
Wheless (" . . . proves more than 1000
notorious frauds and forgeries in the
Bible") ; "Thinker or Believer," by W. H.
Williamson; "The History of Prostitution,"
by Dr. Wm. W. Sanger ("shows that this
social evil had its origin in obscure religious
rites . . . tends to prove that prostitutes
of our own times come generally from
those classes of society where religion is
taught most thoroughly and that prostitutes
themselves are generally ultra devout");
"My Fight for Birth Control," by Mar-
garet Sanger ("In this wonderful book
Margaret Sanger tells how she as a Cru-
sading Freethinker has struggled," etc.) ;
"Up from Methodism," by Herbert Asbury
(" . . . He is descended from a long line
of clergymen; one of his ancestors being
Bishop Francis Asbury, who founded the
American branch of the Methodist Church.
How Mr. Asbury rose above the faith of
his fathers is a story every American must
read") ; and "Bible Comically Illustrated—
A book as good as a farce yet as instructive
as a schoolmaster. Both text and illustra-
tions help to expose the absurdities of the
Bible from Genesis to Revelation"; hdqts.
317 E. 34th St., New York City.

FREIHEITS

Communist Jewish "Foreign Language
Groups" (see) conducting Freiheit Singing
Societies, Freiheit Workers Clubs, etc., etc.,
in N.Y., Chicago and other cities. The
official Jewish Communist newspaper (pub-
lished in Yiddish) is the Jewish Daily
Freiheit; Moissaye J. Olgin is editor. The
building of this newspaper, which in 1930
had a daily N.Y. sworn circulation of
64,067 copies, adjoins the building of the
official communist Daily Worker (pub-

lished in English). They use the same
presses. Communist banners, recently,
decorated the front of both buildings, 26-
30 Union Square, N.Y. City. Those on the
Freiheit building read: "Organize Anti-
War Committees in Shops and Factories,"
"Not a Cent for Armaments — All Funds
for the Unemployed," and "Demonstrate
on Union Square, Aug. 1, Friday at 5
P.M." Similar banners decorated the Daily
Worker building.

FRIENDS OF SOVIET RUSSIA

F.S. Russia.

Formed by the Central Committee of
the Communist Party 1921; changed name
to Friends of the Soviet Union 1929.

FRIENDS OF THE SOVIET UNION

(Carveth Wells Boycott)
F.S.U.

A Communist subsidiary (U.S. Report
2290); formed as noted above; propa-
gandizes Soviet Russia as the workers'
paradise; sponsors lectures; in 1933 driving
for a million signatures for recognition of
Russia by the U.S.; staged the Reception
for Soviet Flyers 1929 (see) ; publishes
magazine Soviet Russia Today; claims, Jan.
1934, 2,000,000 members.

J. C. Coleman of the California section
of the F.S.U. (June 13, 1933), as well as
Ella Winter (Mrs. Lincoln Steffens), lec-
turer for F.S.U., wrote letters protesting
and threatening Mr. Sol Lesser of Principal
Pictures, 630 9th Ave., N.Y.C., causing
this firm to halt the release of a truthful
moving picture of Russia taken by Carveth
Wells. Our theatres are flooded with Soviet
propaganda films. For example, three N.Y.
Theatres at one time, Sept. 2, 3 and 4,
1933, were showing a Communist propa-
ganda film "The Strange Case of Tom
Mooney" advertised in the "Daily Worker."
But organized Red opposition quickly
silences the truth about Soviet Russia.

Ella Winter's letter, written on stationery
headed "Lincoln Steffens, Carmel, Cali-
fornia, The Gateway, Box 855," is signifi-
cant. She says:

"Dear Mr. Lesser: I am shocked and astounded
to read the news that you are releasing a picture
on Russia called "The Truth About Russia" by
Carveth Wells. . . . Such a showing as you con-
template can only discredit your studio as every
American correspondent in Russia and such well-
known figures in American literary, professional
and business-life as Sherwood Anderson, Col. Hugh
Cooper, Governor Philip LaFollette, Louis Fischer,
Maurice Hindus, Curtis Bok, Margaret Bourke
White, Cecil de Mille, Mrs. Cecil de Mille, Walter
Duranty, Mr. and Mrs. Corliss Lament, Mr. and
Mrs. Osgood Field, Mr. and Mrs. Sherman Pratt,
Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell Stuart of the Foreign Policy

162

The Red Network

Association, Mr. Jerome Davis of Yale, Mr. Julian
Bryan, Elmer Rice, Leopold Stokowski, Martin
Flavin, Dr. John M. Kingsbury, Dr. Frankwood
Williams, Alexander Woolcott, Joseph Freeman,
Charles Malamuth, Alexander Kaun, Max Eastman,
W. L. Austin (of the Austin Construction Co.,
Cleveland), Senators Borah, Wheeler, Cutting and
Barkley, and innumerable others, would merely
ridicule a picture released by such a person on
Russia." (A nice list of pro-Soviets.)

"I am afraid that if you do release the picture
we shall find it necessary in the interests of truth
and fairness and an Administration which wishes
to recognize the Soviet Union to take such steps
as we shall deem necessary and feasible to make
clear to all movie-goers the kind of a movie
author you have selected. You will readily realize
that in a world on the brink of war with war
feelings created by just such reports as Carveth
Wells puts out, in which there is not one glimmer
of truth, one cannot allow your studio to proceed
without mobilizing every voice in denunciation,
opposition and boycott. Very truly yours, Ella
Winter."

Mr. Carveth Wells wrote to the chair-
man of the American Coalition of Patriotic
Societies as follows:

"Dear Sir: "Having learned that you have
organised a coalition of about one hundred
Patriotic Societies, permit me, although a perfect
stranger, to appeal to you as a fellow citizen for
assistance in bringing to the attention of the
American people, a concrete example of a Com-
munist boycott, organized to prevent the pre-
sentation of an ordinary travel picture showing
the people and scenery of Russia from Leningrad
to the Turkish border.

"I am an author and lecturer and am not con-
nected in any way with propaganda. For the
last twenty years I have devoted my entire time
to exploration in foreign countries, in order to
secure pictures and general information which I
present to the public in the form of illustrated
lectures. Entertainment of an educational nature
is my sole object, and I have not now nor have
I ever had any political affiliations.

"So much interest was aroused by my descrip-
tion of Russia that I decided to have the motion
pictures synchronized with my voice and dis-
tributed to the theatres of the United States, by
Mr. Sol Lesser, of Principal Distributing Cor-
poration, whose offices are in the RKO Building,
Radio City, New York.

"The moment the news leaked out that I had
prepared a Motion Picture entitled 'Russia Today,'
which showed a true picture of the condition of
Russia and the Russian people after fifteen years
of the Great Experiment, The Friends of the
Soviet Union, which I am ashamed to say is an
American Institution with branches all over the
United States, organized /a protest, by requesting
their various branches and individual members
to write letters to Mr. Sol Lesser threatening to
boycott all his pictures if he dared to distribute
my picture.

"Here is an educational motion picture which
has been shown before the National Geographical
Society in Washington, and was actually taken
for the Geographic Society of Chicago, yet, by
means of a snowball threatening letter organized
by Communists, such fear has been instilled in
the heart of Mr. Sol Lesser, that he is afraid to
release it to the Theatres.

"It is a good illustration of what a well
organized and active minority can accomplish.

"I am most anxious to bring this matter before
your Coalition and before as many other patriotic
societies as possible, in the hope that I may

interest them to organize a similar snowball of
protests against this weakkneed submission to the
demands of American Communists.

"For many years the theatre-going public has
been forced to look at a whole series of Russian
propaganda pictures, yet the moment a genuine
picture of a purely Travel Nature is placed upon
the market, the American Communist Party has
succeeded at least temporarily, in having it banned.

"My picture 'Russia Today' has never been
publicly shown. The fact that in their letters
of protest they refer to the title as 'The Truth
About Russia' clearly shows that the picture has
been condemned without ever being seen.

"I should be most grateful to you for any sug-
gestion you have to make as to my best course
of action. "Faithfully yours, Carveth Wells."

The American Coalition of Patriotic
Societies, 823 Albie Bldg., Wash., D.C., sent
photostatic copies of these letters to officers
of patriotic societies, stating:

"We trust your indignation will be sufficiently
aroused to organize immediately among your
friends a counter protest against the action of
the Friends of the Soviet Union . . . urging the
immediate release of Mr. Carveth Wells' film for
the information of the public on conditions in
Russia. Mr. Wells assures us that the film was
censored and returned to him by agents of the
Soviet Government before he left Russia at which
time there was small probability that the American
people would permit their government to loan
taxpayers' money to a country which has been
stripped of every marketable commodity and the
mass of its population reduced to the verge of
starvation and hopeless misery by a remorseless
clique of political theorists. We make this appeal
because it is obvious that this attack on the
Carveth Wells film by the Friends of the Soviet
Union is part of Communist propaganda for the
recognition of Russia."

F.S.U. nat. hdqts. 80 E. llth St., N.Y.
City; Norman Tallentire, nat. organizer.

California branch, 129 West Third Street,
Suite 415-416, Los Angeles, Cal.; Dr. Robt.
Whitaker, chmn.; Delta Weinrich, vice
chmn.; Dr. J. C. Coleman, educational
director; Robt. Edwards, treas.; Clara
Ward, sec.; M. Movshovitch, literature
agent.

Nat. com. F.S.U. endorsing call for
F.S.U. Convention, Jan. 26, 27, 28, 1934,
N.Y. City:

Thos. R. Amlie, Roger Baldwin, Carleton Beals,
Alfred M. Bingham, Frank Borich, "Bishop" W.
M. Brown, Earl Browder, Julian Bryan, Anne Bur-
lak, George S. Counts, Malcolm Cowley, Edw.
Dahlberg, H. W. L. Dana, Floyd Dell, James W.
Ford, Richard Farber, Wm. Z. Foster, Waldo
Frank, Jos. Freeman, Ben Gold, Michael Gold,
Lem Harris, Clarence Hathaway, Donald Hender-
son, Granville Hicks, John Haynes Holmes, Roy
Hudson, Langston Hughes, Wm. N. Jones, Howard
Kester, Mary Van Kleeck, Corliss Lamont, Mar-
garet Lamont, Katherine Lewis, Robt. Morss
Lovett, J. B. Matthews, John Meldon, Robt.
Minor, Scott Nearing, A. Overgaard, Wm. Pat-
terson, Philip Raymond, Jack Stachel. Maxwell
Stewart, Genevieve Taggard, Justine Wise Tulin,
Chas. R. Walker, Dr. Harry F. Ward, Louis
Weinstock, Susan H. Woodruff, Albert Rhys
Williams, Walter Wilson. ("Soviet Russia Today,"
12/33.)

Organizations, Etc.

163

FRIENDSHIP TOURS

"A non-commercial cultural organiza-
tion" conducting (1933) propaganda tours
to Soviet Russia. Leaders: Phil Brown;
F. Tredwell Smith (in Russia) ; Sponsoring
Committee: Prof. Geo. S. Counts, Prof.
Harry Ward, Prof. Harold O. Rugg, Prof.
Goodwin Watson, Prof. Harrison Elliott,
Prof. Reinhold Niebuhr, Dr. Addison T.
Cutler. Hdqts. 261 Fifth Ave., N.Y. City.
(Same address as Intourist, Soviet Govt.
agency.)

FURNITURE WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION

Communist T.U.U.L. union with organ-
izations at Grand Rapids, Jamestown, N.Y.,
Rockford, 111., Chicago, etc.; 818 Broad-
way, N.Y. City.

GARLAND FUND

The AMERICAN FUND FOR PUBLIC
SERVICE is popularly known as the
"Garland Fund" or the "Free Love Fund"
because it was founded by a radical, Chas.
Garland of Mass., who served a term in
the penitentiary for running a "Free Love
Farm." Being an opponent of private
ownership of property, he turned over his
inheritance to form this fund in order to
further the radical cause. The Fund's offi-
cial report states that between 1922, when
it was founded, and 1930, $1,378,000 was
given away and $780,000 loaned. (The
Fund is practically exhausted now.) To
quote: "The Board of Directors of the
Fund is a self perpetuating group, the
directors serving for terms of three years
each. The original directors were picked
out as persons of diverse connections with
radical, labor and liberal movements, who,
despite philosophical differences, were prac-
tical-minded enough to deal harmoniously
with immediate issues." These directors
have been members of the I.W.W., Com-
munist and Socialist parties, which are all
basically aiming for the same ends — the
abolition of the property right and the
undermining and eventual overthrow of
our present form of government — the dif-
ferences between them being largely those
of stress on certain tactics, such as use of
violence or of parliamentary action, to
gain control.

The Fund has been the life stream of
the Red Revolutionary movement in the
U.S., having sustained all the leading Com-
munist, Socialist and I.W.W. activities.
Samuel Gompers of the A.F. of L. wrote

the Fund asking for money for a legitimate
labor cause and was refused, Roger Baldwin
of the Fund replying that: "We do not
see our way clear to financing any enter-
prise except those definitely committed to
a radical program . . . ", etc.

The original directors and officers were
(from the Fund's report of July 31, 1923,
"for the first year of operation"):

Roger N. Baldwin, Wm. Z. Foster, Lewis S.
Gannett, Sidney Hillman, James Weldon Johnson
(colored), Robt. Morss Lovett, Scott Nearing,
Mary E. McDowell, Judah L. Magnes, Norman M.
Thomas, Harry F. Ward, Morris L. Ernst, Walter
Nelles.

The report of June 30, 1924, "for the
second year," lists:

Scott Nearing, pres. ; Robt. Morss Lovett, vice
pres.; Roger N.
treas.; Walter Nelles, counsel, and Eliz. Gurley

Baldwin, sec.; Morris L. Ernst,

Flynn, Wm. Z. Foster, Lewis S. Gannett, Clinton
S. Golden, James Weldon Johnson, Freda Kirch-
wey, Norman M. Thomas, Leo Wolman, fellow
directors.

The reports show that the directors
changed about during the year in serving
as officers. The report of Feb. 1929 (for
the three years 1925-8) lists the same
directorship with the exceptions that Com-
munist Wm. Z. Foster, Robt. Morss Lovett
and Leo Wolman are replaced by Com-
munists Clarina Michelson, Benj. Gitlow
and Robt. W. Dunn. The report of May
1931 (for 1928-30) lists same directors
except for the omission of Eliz. Gurley
Flynn. The 1932 officers (given in the
statement of ownership of the Communist
magazine "New Masses," which states that
its owner and publisher is the Am. Fund
for Pub. Service) were:

James Weldon Johnson, pres.; Robt. W. Dunn,
sec.; Morris L. Ernst, treas.

1933 Officers are:

Roger Baldwin, pres.; Clinton S. Golden, vice
pres.; Robt. W. Dunn, sec.; Morris Ernst, treas.;
with Gannett, Gitlow, Johnson, Kirchwey, Michel-
son and Thomas fellow directors as before.

FOR ANARCHIST-COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES
The inextricable interweaving of Red
forces is shown not only in the personnel
of the Fund's directorship but also in the
organizations it has supported. Studying
the Fund's reports is like studying the
whole Red network. Socialists, Commu-
nists and I.W.W.'s intermingle in organ-
izations, on committees and in practically
all Red activities. One sees, for example, in
the reports the sums of $500 and $500
donated to the anarchist-communist Fer-
rer or Modern School at Stelton, N.J.,
aided by Emma Goldman and Berkman.
In 1925-6, $1125 and $875 were given to

164

The Red Network

it. Wherever treason has lifted its head,
it seems, the Fund has aided financially.
When Wm. Z. Foster and other Commu-
nists were seized at Bridgman, Mich., with
two barrels full of documentary evidence
of their plans to overthrow the U.S. Govt,
the Labor Defense Council (later I.L.D.)
was formed to defend these criminals
caught in their Moscow-directed conspir-
acy. The Fund lists: "To Labor Defense
Council — for defense of Michigan criminal
syndicalism cases $10,000," then "$3,000,"
then "$200." (Incidentally, treason is now
practically unchallenged and quite in the
open. Then traitors had to meet secretly.)
Then, to its successor the I.L.D. Chicago
"for substitution of bail in Michigan
criminal syndicalism cases — $7,000," and
again "$5,000," and "for legal fees in en-
deavoring to secure dismissal of Michigan
criminal syndicalism cases $500"; also such
enlightening items as: To I.L.D. (1) Chi-
cago Office — for legal expenses in the cases
of the Ziegler, 111. miners, $2,000. (2) Pitts-
burgh Branch — for legal expenses in Pitts-
burgh sedition cases, $1,500. (3) Boston
Branch — for legal expenses in Bimba blas-
phemy case, $500. (4) National Bail
Fund for substitution of bail in deportation
case, $1,000.

The "Daily Worker" official Communist
newspaper, received sums of $38,135,
$1,200, $6,500, $3,900, $1,050 and $6,875,
at different times.

The Fund's own Communist magazine,
"New Masses" received sums of $1,500,
$30,000, $28,000, $3,000, $2,000 and $400.

The Communist N.Y. "Workers School"
(to train leaders for the Communist Revo-
lution in the U.S., so it states) received
"for books for library— $859.25" and also
for general expenses, $11,122 and $641.

International Publishers, the Communist
publishing house, received "for promotion
of Americanization of Labor by Robt. W.
Dunn, $298.95," and for publication of
fifteen Communist "International Pam-
phlets," $1,400 and $1,500.

Workers Library Publishers (Commu-
nist) received for publishing three pam-
phlets, $800.

The Passaic, N.J. Communist strike in
1926 was called the "first lesson in Revo-
lution" and the Fund spent generously in
supporting it. The committee formed for
this purpose by Norman Thomas, the
A.C.L.U. and L.I.D., called the "Emer-
gency Committee for Strikers Relief," re-
ceived $1,520 in 1926, and, later, for Passaic
and other activities, sums of $5,000 and
$1,000. The United Front Textile Com-

mittee, Passaic, N.J., "for expenses of Mary
Heaton Vorse for publicity work on textile
strike" reed. $818. Other items are:
"Passaic, N.J. strike relief, publicity and
research— $25,318"; "bail underwritten—
$45,000"; "Wm. Jett Lauck, for investi-
gating textile industry Passaic, N. J.,
$4,500," also $500; "/.£.£>.— for premiums
on bail in Passaic, N.J. cases, $3,022," and
other fees, $200.

Another Communist strike, well sup-
ported by the Fund, was the Gastonia, N.C.
strike, where, to quote U.S. Report 2290,
"there was a bloody conflict between the
Communist-led textile workers and the
police, in which the chief of police was
shot and killed and two of his assistants
wounded. Seven Communists were sen-
tenced to long terms in prison, but jumped
their bonds and went to Russia, where they
presumably are today. The I.L.D. headed
by J. Louis Engdahl, a well-known Com-
munist, and the A.C.L.U. cooperated in the
defense of the convicted strikers and
assisted in securing the money for the bail
bonds from the Garland Fund, which was
forfeited." And so we see in the Fund's
reports the items: "I.L.D.— $29,218" and
"I.L.D. — for legal fees and expense in con-
nection with Gastonia, N.C. cases," $15,000
and $5,475. The I.L.D. (N.Y. branch)
received other sums, such as $2,850 and
$2,000, for its general activities.

The Communist " Young Workers
League" (now called Young Communist
Lg.), at Superior, Wis. was graciously pre-
sented with $1,200; and its Chicago branch
the same amount. These gifts are listed
under "Education" — one may well imagine
what sort.

The Russian Reconstruction Farms (Jan.
1926) reed. $3,000, then $1,015, and "for
purchase of equipment in U.S.," $20,000.

The Communist (there is also an I.W.W.
union of same name) Agricultural Workers
Industrial Union reed. $3,000. The Com-
munist National Textile Workers Union
reed. $5,570 "for organizational work in the
South," and $500 "to Local No. 2, New
Bedford, Mass, for final payment on a lot
in Fall River on which to hold meetings."
The Communist Marine Workers League,
N.Y., reed, "for books for their library —
$599.87." The House of the. Masses (Com-
munist) in Detroit reed. ?4,000.

In 1927 the Communist A A. A. I. Lg.,
then being organized all over the U.S., re-
ceived a nice gift of $1,000 — "for organ-
ization work during summer months," and
in 1929-30, is listed "Anti-Imperialist
League of the U.S., N.Y.C. — for preliminary

Organizations, Etc.

165

expenses of reorganization — $500" (same
organization).

The Communist Trade Union Edu-
cational League, of which Wm. Z. Foster
was the head (now the T.U.U.L., and he
is still the head), reed, at the Chicago
branch "for publication of pamphlet on
Company Unions by Robt. W. Dunn —
$600"; the N.Y.C. branch reed. $900; etc.

The Labor Research Assn., N.Y.C., a
Communist subsidiary organized by Robt.
W. Dunn, reed, "for secretarial assistance
for Scott Nearing in connection with series
of books on economic subjects — $1,000";
it also reed. $750.

"Novy Mir," the Russian Communist
paper published in N.Y., reed, gifts and
loans of $3,000, $500, etc.

The Communist "Daily Worker Pub.
Co." reed. (1) For publication of one
volume of the works of Lenin in English —
$2,500; (2) For publication of ten volumes
of the 'Little Red Library'— $1,875; (3)
For the publication of Report of British
Trade Union Delegation to Russia — $2,500,
etc.

The Communistic Vanguard Press was
started by the Fund itself and was a big
favorite, receiving in one report alone
$139,453 for capital, for books on Negro
labor, and for "series of studies on Russia,"
for which other large sums were also
appropriated.

To Communist "Max Eastman, Croton,
N.Y. — for preparation and production of a
historic film on the Russian Revolution,
$2,500." (Loan.)

The Federated Press, regarded by Com-
munists as their own press service, reed,
generous aid; the first year, $15,640 (partly
for salary of director Leland Olds), the
second year, $12,640, the third year,
$10,130, for the next three years, $26,441,
and the next two years, $12,000.

FOR A.C.L.U. ACTIVITIES
The A.C.L.U., ever on the firing line in
behalf of Red revolutionaries, reed, sums
almost too numerous to list. These are
representative: "A.C.L.U., — for special cam-
paign against criminal syndicalism law,
$5,000"; "A.C.L.U. — for expenses in con-
nection with Tennessee Anti-Evolution
case, $500"; "A.C.L.U., N.Y.C.— June 5
and July 12, 1923 — for an investigation of
reactionary organizations, $1,972.50"; "A.C.
L.U., Southern Cal. Branch, Los Angeles,
Cal., Aug. 1, 1923— $1,000," (also other
sums) . The close connection between the
A.C.L.U. and the Fund is shown by such
items as these: "A.C.L.U., N.Y.C. —revolv-

ing loan fund for civil liberties cases admin-
istered by agreement between the Union
and the Fund, $2,000"; "Emergency Case
Fund, administered by the A.C.L.U. —
$14,989" (1925-28); "A.C.L.U. So. Cal.
Branch — for deficit incurred in campaign
for release of Mooney and Billings — $800";
"A.C.L.U., special projects, $4,197" (1928-
30) ; "A.C.L.U. Northern Cal. Branch, San
Francisco, Cal. — $2,395.07" ; A.C.L.U.,
N.Y.C. (1) For lawyers fees in connection
with recovering of bail bond — $750. (2)
For legal expenses in connection with Pas-
saic, N.J. strike cases— $500; "Pa. Civil
Liberties Committee, Harrisburg, Pa. —
$500"; "A.C.L.U.— for free speech fight in
West Va.— $1,000"; A.C.L.U. (1) For
expenses of field organizer for definite work
in civil liberties cases — $500; (2) For cam-
paign against injunctions in labor disputes
— $500; (3) For emergency case fund —
$1,726.67 (1929-30) ; etc., etc., etc.

Criminals convicted of treason, sedition
and Red revolutionary activities are always
referred to sympathetically by the Reds as
"political prisoners." The International
Committee for Political Prisoners, formed
by the A.C.L.U. to aid them, reed. $300
and $1,527.50 from the Fund.

Loyal aid to Communists is indicated in
items like these:

"Walter Pollak and Carroll Weiss King,
N.Y.C. — For fees and expenses in case of
Emanuel Vatjauer, in the U.S. Supreme
Court, held for deportation as a Commu-
nist—$1,900"; Isaac Schorr, N.Y.C.— Ex-
penses in the case of Herbert Mahler and
others, U.S. Supreme Court, ex-political
prisoners held for deportation — $300."

As soon as the U.S. Govt. tries to protect
its existence by jailing or deporting Reds,
the Fund, the I.L.D., the A.C.L.U., and the
whole army of Reds and their organizations
are there to fight it. A united Red fight
against Criminal Syndicalism laws in the
States is now being waged in order that
sedition shall not be punished.

FOR I.W.W. ACTIVITIES
These donations to I.W.W. activities
show a "unity of spirit" in the "class war":
"General Defense Committee (of I.W.W.)
San Francisco, Cal. — for fighting criminal
syndicalism cases— $500" (1923); to Chi-
cago branch — "for relief of released polit-
ical prisoners, $1,250"; to Cal. branch —
"$500"; "for payment and repairs on build-
ing, $6,500"; "for expenses in connection
with Centralia case," $170 and $170; "To
Chgo. Gen. Def. Com.— $20,007.79"; items
of $10,475.68, $12,000 and $6,000 are listed

166

The Red Network

to the Equity Printing Co. (owned by the
I.W.W.).

Harry F. Ward, director of the Fund in
1922 and chmn. of the A.C.L.U., had shown
his friendly spirit of cooperation with the
defense of the I.W.W. murderers of four
American Legion men at Centralia, Wash.,
by presiding over a meeting held at the
Rand School, N.Y.C., Feb. 9, 1920, to raise
money for their defense (Lusk Report).
The Fund, later, donated to "Centralia,
Publicity Committee — For publicity in con-
nection with release of Centralia prisoners
—$250."

The Rand School, at which the I.W.W.
defense meeting and so many other Red
meetings have been held, must practically
have been supported by the Fund, to
judge by the contributions, sums of $5,000,
$3,200, $400, $4,400, $7,200, $10,140,
$16,116, $7,957.26, etc., being listed from
time to time, and large sums to the Rand
Book Store for publication of the "Am.
Labor Year Book" (covering radical
activities) .

Brookwood Labor College, another So-
cialist institution, fared bountifully also
at the Red feeding trough, receiving in one
period (1928-30) $41,751 and in another
(1925-28) $74,227.

The National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.)
was well cared for with appropriations of
$31,552 (1925-28), $7,365 in 1923-24, and
a loan of $5,000 in 1929-30.

Significant items are these: "Teachers
Union, N.Y.C." (1) "towards the campaign
for the repeal of Lusk Laws $500"; (2)
"For research and publicity work outside
of regular activities, mimeograph machine,
$3,172.50"; the Teachers Union also reed.
$6,000 in a three-year period for "oper-
ating expenses"; the "Minneapolis Fed-
eration of Teachers, Mpls., Minn. — for
legal expenses and publicity in connection
with dismissal of two members — $250";
"American Federation of Teachers —
$2,000"; and "The New Student, N.Y.C.—
for traveling expenses of editors of col-
lege papers to conference — $333.06."

The Manumit School at Pawling, N.Y.,
which is directed by Nellie Seeds (wife of
Communist Scott Nearing), reed. 1928-30,
$5,000; and 1925-28, $10,907.

Communism-Socialism fights the Chris-
tian standards of marriage and morality.
Ben Lindsey is looked upon evidently as an
ally of this Red cause, since this item was
voted to him: "Ben B. Lindsey, Denver,
Colo. — For election contest in Denver,

involving the issue of the Ku Klux Klan —
$1,000" (1924-25 Report, April 22).

The League for Mutual Aid received for
"Social Service for radicals" sums of $200,
$450, $3,000, and $500.

The Brooklyn, National and N.Y. Urban
Leagues reed, gifts and loans of $15,000,
$1,000 and $500. One item was for the
study of "relations of Negroes to trade
unions."

The American Birth Control League,
another movement used by Reds to break
down the fear of sex relations outside of
marriage and to generally loosen the mar-
riage tie, reed. $10,400, $500, and "for
salary and expenses of organizer — $2,000"
(1928-30).

The Red agitation in behalf of Anarchist-
Communist Mooney reed, hearty support
from the Fund. The "National Mooney-
Billings Committee" (1928-30) reed, "for
publicity campaign for Mooney and Bill-
ings $1,000," and also $800. "Mooney
Holders Defense Committee — for campaign
for pardon of Mooney and Billings — $500";
"N. Col. Committee for Mooney and Bill-
ings— $250"; "Mooney Defense Committee
—$900" (also $100 and $100), etc.

Sacco and Vanzetti, the gentle Anarchist
murderers and thieves who died yelling
"Long Live Anarchy," reed, loving aid as
well; "Provisional Committee for calling
Sacco and Vanzetti conference, N.Y.C.,
expenses in connection with meeting —
$1,000"; "Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Com-
mittee—$20,000" (loan), and gift of
$2,500. Between 1925 and 1928, $11,000
was given to "Sacco-Vanzetti case."

Intellectual-Red papers and periodicals
were evidently considered suitable agen-
cies, for the New Republic (the Fund
director, Robt. Morss Lovett, being an
editor) reed, a loan of $1,000, "for book
on 'The Supreme Court and Minimum
Wage Legislation,' published by National
Consumers League"; The World Tomorrow
(of Kirby Page) reed, "for general ex-
penses—$3,000" (1925), $1,000 (1923),
$2,000 (1924); and to "Fellowship Press,
N.Y.C. — For operating expenses of the
World Tomorrow, to Dec. 31, 1925, (May
27)— $3,000," etc.

The Socialist New Leader reed, large
sums, as did Labor Age (organ of the Conf.
Prog. Lab. Act.) ; one item was "For
financing testimonial dinner to James
Maurer— $250."

"For Mr. Brophy's salary as director,"
the Pittsburgh Educational Forum and
Labor College, Pittsburgh, Pa., reed.
$1,700.

Organizations, Etc.

167

The Conference for Progressive Labor
Action reed. $5,266 at one time and also
"for publication of a pamphlet $1,065.76."
The Committee on Coal and Giant Power
— "for completion of Mr. Raushenbush's
research work and half budget of Com-
mittee under Prof. Bird — $5,266," and also
$2,847, 1928-30. The New York Call, and
Leader reed. $54,500; etc.

The reports are peppered with donations
to the LJ.D., which changed its name
from "Intercollegiate Socialist Society"
after the unsavory Socialist War record,
in order not to frighten off prospective
student members, but which now grows
ever bolder and bolder in its talk of Red
Revolution. That it was always con-
sidered a useful organization is shown by
gifts of $6,400 the first year; $3,500 and
$2,000 the second year "for field secretary's
salary" and "for field secretary's traveling
expenses, contingent upon raising their
budget for the year"; between 1925 and
1928, $10,500 was given for "field secre-
tary's salary"; also (1) "For study on
Coal and Superpower by H. Stephen
Raushenbush — $5,000." (2) "For survey of
conditions in cotton mills in the South by
Paul Blanshard— $700." (3) "For study on
'New Developments of Capitalism in the
U.S.' — $600"; and many thousands for
publication of pamphlets (to be found in
student Y.M.C.A.'s such as at N.U., Evan-
ston).

The International Ladies Garment
Workers reed, a huge loan of $100,000 (in
Communist-led strike of 1926) and also
a loan of $25,000 for their Workers Center
at Forest Park, Pa. Nor were their friends
the Amalgamated Textile Workers Union
forgotten, receiving thru L. Hollingsworth
Wood and Albert De Silver (in strike of
1919) $850. The Central Trades and
Labor Council reed. $2,000. The Nat.
Women's Trade Union Lg., Chgo. branch,
reed. $1,147.33 and $629, and the N.Y.
branch, $2,500, $2,500, and $913. The
Nat. Consumers Lg. reed. $2,945.84, $1,000,
etc. The Cooperative League of America,
N.Y., reed. $2,000 and $1,500. The
Northern States Cooperative League, "For
organization work in Minn., Wis., and
Mich.," reed. $1,000. The Cooperative
Central Exchange, Superior, Wis. reed,
loans amounting to $10,000.

Commonwealth College, where the Inter-
nationale is sung with fervor, was hand-
somely provided for, being given $1,000
in 1924 and $23,580 in the next three-
year period. After this Red sympathizers

were called upon to take up its support
by donations.

Pioneer Youth of America reed. $25,710,
1925-28, $6,227, 1928-30, and other sums.

W. E. B. Du Bois was paid $5,000 for
services evidently considered valuable to
the cause. "For expenses Albert Coyle's
trip to Mexico $549.64"; "For expenses of
trip to Pa. and W. Va. coal fields by Louis
Budenz— $321.29." These last two items
appear under Federated Press gifts for the
year 1925-26. // Nuovo Mondo, a daily
paper, reed. $12,000, 1925-28, and was a
mainstay in the Sacco-Vanzetti agitation.

"Am. Student Delgation to Russia,
N.Y.C." cost $950, plus $350 for "organ-
ization." The item in the 1924 report,
"Investigation of Department of Justice
'spy system' — $1,345," coincides nicely with
the cessation of funds granted the Dept.
of Justice the following year for investi-
gation of radical activities and the Dept.
is crippled today because of this lack.

FOR "PACIFISM"

Truly the Red tentacles reach far. While
opposing the mild, liberal, modern, so-called
"Imperialism" of America, England and
France, which has brought civilization to
still barbarous lands, the Socialists and
Communists strive to bring about a world
imperialism on Russian lines in which
absolute autocracy and force would rule.
While talking "Peace," they work to weaken
national defense and patriotic spirit in
order that at the right moment a bloody
revolution may put the "dictatorship of
the proletariat" (in reality a dictatorship
of combined intellectual and gutter Red
revolutionaries) into power. Bearing in
mind the Fund's policy to give only to
enterprises "definitely committed to a rad-
ical program," the following donations to
"Peace" causes are interesting:

"To a group of students at Northwestern
University and Garrett Biblical Institute,
Evanston, 111. — April 9, 1924 — for anti-
militaristic movement — $497.41"; To
"Wyoming State Conference Methodist
Church, Laramie, Wyo. — for publication of
literature against compulsory military
training— $300" (1926); "Fellowship of
Youth for Peace, N.Y.C. — for distribution
of 1,100 copies of June number of 'World
Tomorrow,' among Japanese students in
America — $88" (now Fell. Recon.) ;
"Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom, N.Y.C. — For traveling ex-
penses of speakers on imperialism to
Senate Committee hearing and to Chicago
conference, (Mar. 4th and May 22nd) —

168

The Red Network

$543.17" (1924-25) ; To "W.IJ..P.F.,"
Wash, D.C., "For general expenses, 6
months (Oct. 22nd) $1,000"; To W.I.L.
P.F., Wash., B.C., "For publication of
monthly bulletin Tax'— $2,400" (1925-26);
To W.I.L.P.F., "For publication of
Monthly bulletin Tax'— $1,200" (1926-27) ;
To W.I.LP.F. — "For publication of
monthly bulletin Tax'— $1,200" (1927-28);
To "Committee on Militarism in Edu-
cation, N.Y.C." (1) "For preparation and
distribution of pamphlet on 'Military
Training in Schools and Colleges in the
U.S.'— $5,400" (Lane Pamphlet), and (2)
"Toward general budget— $5,000" (1925-
26) ; also "To Committee on Militarism in
Education — for general expenses — $2,000"
(1926-27).

For "Studies of American Imperialism
(research and publication) — $27,956"
(1925-28), is a staggering item indicating
to what pains the Fund went to discredit
America by propaganda representing the
U.S. as "bullying" and "imperialistic." Red
intellectuals hired to "research" must have
been well pleased at this appropriation.

The Communist Workers International
Relief, many radical "Labor" schools,
periodicals, Pioneer Camps, and "Summer
Schools for Workers in Industry," were
financed; for the I.W.W.'s, "Wayne,
Alberta, Canada — for relief to striking
miners, $500"; and the "Speakers Service
Bureau" reed. $12,500. Donations to the
Labor Bureau were $1,107.24, $1,000,
$381.07; to the Bureau of Industrial
Research, N.Y. "for Mr. Raushenbush's
studies on coal situation — $5,700"; "Mid-
land Empire Coop. Publishing Co., Bill-
ings, Mont. — for 4 Farmer-Labor papers —
$1,500"; "Oklahoma Leader, Oklahoma
City— $6,000"; "Camp Tamiment, Forest
Park, Pa." reed, help; "Trade Union Com-
mittee for organizing Negro Workers" reed.
$2,434 and $600.

"In order to get a complete picture of
the enterprises in the labor and radical
movements in the U.S., a survey was made
jointly by Roger Baldwin and Stuart
Chase . . . ", so a Fund report says (It
covered them nicely it would seem) ; and
"after being assured of the sound manage-
ment of an enterprise, of the effectiveness
of its directing personnel and the signifi-
cance of its objects, the Fund has given or
loaned without further questions."

GARLAND FUND COMMITTEE
ON AMERICAN IMPERIALISM

Says the 1925 official report: "A number
of research jobs which no enterprise was

equipped to tackle were organized and
financed by the Fund. Chief among these
is a study of American imperialism under
the direction of Prof. Harry Elmer
Barnes of Smith College who heads an
advisory committee composed of Prof.
E. M. Borchard, Emanuel Celler, Prof.
Paul H. Douglas, Robt. W. Dunn, Ken-
neth Durant, Prof. Edw. M. Earle, Ernest
Gruening, Prof. Manly O. Hudson, Dr.
Samuel Guy Inman, Basil M. Manly, Dr.
Chas. Clayton Morrison, Kirby Page,
Judge Otto Schoenrich, Henrik Shipstead,
Edgar Speyer, Moorfield Storey, John F.
Sinclair, Oswald Garrison Villard and
Arthur Warner."

"Studies are now being made by Amer-
ican investigators in Cuba, Santo Domingo
and Bolivia. . . . Two studies made last
year under the auspices of the Fund have
been published in book form. They are
'American Foreign Investments' by Robt.
W. Dunn and 'Dollar Diplomacy' by Scott
Nearing and Jos. Freeman. These studies
are made under the direction of a com-
mittee of the Fund composed of Lewis S.
Gannett, Chairman; Morris L. Ernst,
James Weldon Johnson, Roger N. Baldwin
and Scott Nearing." (See A.A.A.I. Lg., etc.)

GENERAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE
Legal defense association of the I.W.W.

corresponding to the Communist I.L.D.;

hdqts. 555 W. Lake St., Chicago.

GORKI AWARD

Given yearly by Maxim Gorki of Russia
to American Communist authors who pro-
duce the best revolutionary literature of
the year.

GREEN INTERNATIONAL

To quote from its own literature, it "Is
a League of students from among the
schools, colleges and universities of the
world, intent on War Resistance. Aims:
To direct, to encourage . . . systematic
War Resistance. ... To radicalize the cause
of peace. . . . Symbol: The Green Inter-
national Shirt will be the outward symbol
of War Resistance — the visible expres-
sion of World Patriotism. . . . The Green
International requires from its members a
personal spiritual pledge to refuse to take
part in or to support any kind of war
either directly or indirectly."

It aims to enlist at least 2 per cent of all
college students in the U.S. to affiliate with
war resisting societies. The 2 per cent idea
was advanced by Prof. Einstein in 1931
(see "Who's Who" for his Communist

Organizations, Etc.

169

affiliations). The theory is that if 2 per
cent of the population are organized as
militant war resisters they can cripple their
government in the prosecution of any war.
At that time thousands of buttons bearing
the insignia "2 per cent" were distributed
by radical pacifist groups. The Green
International is "Sponsored by Peace
Patriots, War Resisters International, War
Resisters League, Women's Peace Society,
New History Society; Cooperating organ-
izations: Committee on Militarism in
Education; Fellowship of Reconciliation";
hdqts. 132 East 65th Street, N.Y. City.
(See W. R. Intl. and W. R. Lg.).

GRIFFIN BILL COMMITTEE

Formed to uphold the radicals' Griffin
Bill, backed by the A.C.L.U., which pro-
posed admission of aliens without their
taking an oath to bear arms in defense of
the U.S. government. A letter signed by
the nat. sec., Alfred Lief, asking that
friends of the Griffin Bill come out to a
Hearing Jan. 26, 1932, and saying "Our
experience at the first Hearing of this Bill
during the past session was that the
patrioteers and militarists filled the room
ahead of us, thus creating an atmosphere
of hostility," lists on the letter head as
national chairman of the Griffin Bill Com-
mittee, Lola Maverick Lloyd.

Chmn. N.Y. City committee, Elizabeth Black;
chmn. Boston committee, Helen Tufts Bailie;
chmn. Northampton committee, Elaine Goodale
Eastman; chmn. Chgo. committee, Olive H. Rabe;
National sponsors: Willis J. Abbott (Boston),
Jane Addams, Emily Greene Balch, Harry Elmer
Barnes, Mrs. Victor Berger, Alice Stone Black-
well, Roy E. Burt, Carrie Chapman Catt, Dr.
Wm. C. Dennis (Pres. of Earlham College), John
Dewey, Arthur Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Fisher
(Arlington), Mrs. Caroline Foulke Urie (Yellow
Springs, O.), Felix Frankfurter, Dr. Alice Hamil-
ton. John Haynes Holmes, Fannie Hurst, Mercer
G. Johnston, Harold D. Lasswell, Alfred Lief, Robt.
Morss Lovett, James H. Maurer, Prof. Samuel E.
Morison (Harvard U.), Agnes Nestor, Willy
Pogany (Hollywood), Elmer Rice (N.Y.), James
T. Shotwell (Columbia U.), Lillian D. Wald, Dr.
Mary E. Woolley (Pres. Mt. Holyoke College),
and about twenty others. Hdqts. 135 W. 79th
St., N.Y. City, Alfred Lief.

H
HANDS OFF COMMITTEES

Various committees, such as the Amer-
ican Committee for Justice to China,
American Committee for Fair Play to
China, American Committee for Chinese
Relief, and Hands Off China Committees,
were formed under Communist inspiration
to create propaganda against U.S. inter-
ference in China when Red revolutionaries

were endangering American lives and
property there.

The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party
of China, founded by Sun Yat Sen, were
in full alliance with the Communist Inter-
national and were at the height of their
revolutionary activities between 1924 and
1927, with the Soviet agent Grusenberg,
alias Borodin, as he was known when he
visited Chicago and Hull House circles,
acting as chief adviser of Chiang-Kai-Shek,
the Kuomintang leader. Communists claim
that the Kuomintang Party broke with
them and started fighting Communists
April 12, 1927. Kuomintang spokesmen
place this date as much as two years later.
However that may be, the Feb. 28, 1927
issue of the Third International pub-
lication, called "The Communist Inter-
national," stated: "In order to mobilize
all the reserves of the International Revo-
lutionary Movement, it is necessary to
carry out, with the speed commensurate
with the exceptional importance of the
matter, the united front under the slogan
'Hands Off China,' while, at the same
time, the Communists' parties must act
independently and employ all forms of
mass revolutionary struggle."

The Marvin Data Sheets report: that
Communist Manuel Gomez speaking at a
meeting of the "Hands Off China Com-
mittee" in Chicago, May 8, 1927, said his
organization, the Communist All-America
Anti-Imperialist League, had formed 172
Hands Off China Committees in the United
States and England; that Carl Haessler
presided at this meeting and Jane Addams
spoke, as did also Chandra Sena Gooner-
atne, "a Hindu U. of Chgo. student said
to be an active propagandist in the U.S.
for a revolution in India similar to the
one going on in China" ; Marvin adds that,
counting the "Hands Off Nicaragua" (Nica-
ragua was then seething under Communist-
supported Gen. Sandino) and "Hands Off
Mexico" Committees formed for similar
purposes, the total number of Communist-
inspired "Hands Off" Committees organ-
ized then was probably around 250.

A full page advertisement in the World
Tomorrow of Aug. 1925 said that Harry
Ward and Paul Blanshard were then in
Shanghai and had cabled a request asking
for immediate funds to aid the Chinese
Communist group then in charge of the
Hankow government, saying there was
little financial support from Russia and
urging the stopping of "every effort to
use American gunboats, American money
and American men to fasten foreign im-

170

The Red Network

perialism on China." This cablegram was
quoted with the appeal that contributions
be sent to the Garland Fund to aid this
cause ; and the appeal was signed by Kirby
Page, Robt. Morss Lovett and Rose
Schneidermann.

The N.Y. Herald Tribune of April 27th,
1927 referred to Harry Ward as Chairman
of the executive committee of the Amer-
ican Committee for Justice to China, the
same article referring to "another plea for
justice received by William Pickens of the
Hands Off China Association from Earl
Browder, American Communist editor,
who went to China as a delegate to labor
conference there and since Feb. 23 has
been a guest of the Cantonese government."

A vivid description of the great commu-
nist Hands Off China mass meeting staged
in Union Square, N.Y. City and quotation
from the columns of space proudly given
it in the communist Daily Worker are cited
in Marvin Data Sheets, and the following
committee listed:

Hands Off China Committee: Prof. John
Dewey, Paul Jones, H. H. Broach, Rev.
J. H. Holmes, Dr. James M. Yard, Louis
Budenz, Rev. Edmund B. Chaffee, Rev.
Chas. C. Webber, Lewis G. Gannett, Wm.
Pickens, H. Lanson, chmn. Chinese Stu-
dents Com. of Columbia. Speakers for
their meeting, May 9, 1927 (printed in
Daily Wkr.): Louis Budenz, L. Linson,
Alex. Trachtenberg, D. Benjamin (Wkrs.
Sch.), Richard B. Moore, L. Navarez
(Anti-Imp. Lg.), S. D. Ogino, Jap. Wkrs.
Alliance (Communist), Geo. Siskind, A.
Rosemond, Haitian Patriotic Lg. (Com-
munist), N. Napoli, Anti-Fascist Lg.
(Communist), Rebecca Grecht, A. Mark-
off, Lena Cherbnenka, and Juliet Poyntz
(all of Communist Party), Scott Nearing,
Robt. W. Dunn, H. M. Wick (Daily Wkr.),
Powers Hapgood. (Marvin Data Sheets,
28-29, May 11, 1927.)

HARLEM LIBERATOR

See Liberator.

HARLEM PROGRESSIVE
YOUTH CLUB

Communist club; 1538 Madison Ave.,
N.Y. City.

HARLEM TENANTS LEAGUES

Communist Negro subsidiary groups.
Richard B. Moore, director of the National
Negro Dept. of the Communist Party,
mailed out a report after the 1928 Com-
munist Party Convention in N.Y. City

saying: "The establishment of the Harlem
Tenants Leagues is considered by the Cen-
tral Executive Committee as an achieve-
ment in united front work among the
Negroes. It is necessary to link up the
problems of housing with the issues of
unemployment, segregation, etc." (Marvin
Data Sheets, 62-3.)

HOSPITAL WORKERS LEAGUE
Communist T.U.U.L. union.

HUMANISM

A new religion without God, without
worship or prayer and without belief in a
future life. The American Assn. for the
Advancement of Atheism in its June 1930
report said: "However much Humanists
for reasons of expediency shun the title
'Atheist,' they are godless. Consequently
we welcome their aid in overthrowing
Christianity and all other religions based
on the supernatural."

The first Humanist Society of New York
was founded by a New York preacher,
Chas. Francis Potter, several years ago. A
1933 conference on Humanism of about
40 ministers and educators meeting in Chi-
cago, signed the following resolutions said
to have been drawn up originally by Prof.
Roy Sellers of the U. of Michigan and
made public by Rev. Raymond B. Bragg,
Chicago Unitarian minister.

"Religious humanists regard the universe as self-
existing and not created.

"Religion must formulate its hopes and plans
in the light of the scientific spirit and method.

"The distinction between the sacred and the
secular can no longer be maintained.

"Religious humanism considers the complete
realization of human personality to be the end of a
man's life, and seeks its development and fulfil-
ment in the here and now.

"In place of the old attitudes involved in wor-
ship and prayer, the humanist finds his religious
emotions exprest in a heightened sense of per-
sonal life and in a cooperative effort to promote
social well-being.

"There will be no uniquely religious emotions
and attitudes of the kind hitherto associated with
belief in the supernatural. Man will learn to face
the crises of life in terms of his knowledge of
their naturalness and probability. Reasonable and
manly attitudes will be fostered by education and
supported custom.

"We assume that humanism will take the path
of social and mental hygiene, and discourage
sentimental and unreal hopes and wishful thinking.

"The goal of humanism is a free and universal
society in which people voluntarily and intelligently
cooperate for the common good.

"The time has come for wide-spread recog-
nition of the radical changes in religious thoughts
throughout the modern world. Science and economic
change have disrupted the old beliefs.

"Religions the world over are under the necessity
of coming to terms with new conditions created
by a vastly increased knowledge and experience."

Signers and endorsers of the above Program
include Prof. J. A. C. Fagginger Auer, Harvard

Organizations, Etc.

171

University; John Dewey; Prof. Robert Morss
Lovett, University of Chicago; Chas. Francis
Potter; Rabbi Jacob J. Weinstein, Advisor to Jew-
ish students at Columbia University; Prof. Edwin
Arthur Burtt, Cornell University; Prof. Frank
Hankins, Smith College; Prof. A. Eustace Hay-
don, University of Chicago; Prof. Oliver L.
Reiser, University of Pittsburgh; and Prof. Roy
Wood Sellers, University of Michigan.

HUNGARIAN DRAMATIC CLUB (N.Y.)
Communist mass foreign language section
cultural group.

HUNGARIAN PROLETARIAN

WRITERS ASSN.

Section of communist Revolutionary
Writers Federation.

HUNGARIAN SICK AND DEATH
BENEFIT SOCIETY

Communist fraternal insurance foreign
language organization.

HUNGARIAN WORKERS CLUB
HUNGARIAN WORKERS

HOME SOCIETY

Communist Hungarian mass organ-
izations.

ICOR

Jewish Communist society helping the
colonization of Biro Birdjan, the Jewish
Soviet Socialist Republic in Russia; has
branches in Brooklyn, New York City,
Chicago, etc. Chicago hdqts. 3301 W.
Roosevelt Road.

IL NUOVO MONDO NAT. COM.

The full title is "The American Commit-
tee for the Support of II Nuovo Mondo."
II Nuovo Mondo was previously heavily
financed by the Garland Fund (see). A
letter in 1931 signed by Marguerite Tucker
the secretary of the Committee said: "II
Nuovo Mondo is a pro-labor, anti-mili-
tarist and anti-fascist daily for the Italians
living in this country. Without II Nuovo
Mondo the long Sacco-Vanzetti campaign
could never have been carried on," and
solicited funds to aid the campaign of II
Nuovo Mondo "to amend our immigration
laws so that the right of asylum for political
prisoners from other lands . . . may be
assured." Radicals use the term "political
prisoners" to indicate those jailed for revo-
lutionary activities. Headquarters 81 East
10th Street, New York City.

Clinton S. Golden (of the Garland Fund),
treas. ; Marguerite Tucker, sec. ; Nat. Com. :
Morris Berman, Sarah Bernheim, Leroy Bowman,
Paul F. Brissenden, Heywood Broun, Louis F.
Budenz, Dr. Charles Fama, Dr. Ninon Firenze,

Elizabeth Gilman, Arturo Giovannitti, Clinton S.
Golden, Florence Curtis Hanson, John Haynes
Holmes, Alexander Howat, Harry W. Laidler, Vito
Marcantonio, James H. Maurer, Mrs. John F.
Moors, A. J. Muste, Jacob Panken, J. Nevin
Sayre, Joseph Schlossberg, Vida Scudder, A. I.
Shiplacoff, Dr. M. Siragusa, Norman Thomas,
Girolamo Valenti, Stephen S. Wise.

INDEPENDENT LABOUR PARTY

OF GREAT BRITIAN
Ind. Lab. Party or I.L.P.

A left wing Socialist Party founded by
Friedrich Engels, collaborator of Karl
Marx, in 1893, aided by Marx' youngest
daughter, "Tussy" (who disdained "bour-
geois" marriage with Dr. Aveling, her "hus-
band"), G. B. Shaw and others. The April
17, 1933 issue of the American communist
Daily Worker quoted from the National
Administrative Council of the Independent
Labour Party recommendation " 'to the
party that its affiliation with the Labor and
Socialist International (2nd International)
should be terminated. ... It takes the view
that there is now no hope of the Labor
and Socialist International becoming an
effective instrument of revolutionary so-
cialism,' " etc. Whether the I.LP. will now
join the Third International (Communist)
remains to be seen. It has long been in
close sympathy with Moscow and "took
the lead in Pacifist agitation 'during the
war'; its anti-recruiting meetings formed
the nucleus out of which all Defeatist and
Bolshevik movements developed." (From
"Socialist Network" by Nesta Webster.)
Among its past and present leaders are
Ramsay MacDonald (recently expelled for
cooperating with the present Coalition
Government), Tom Mann (now Commu-
nist), Arthur Ponsonby, Chas. Trevelyan,
H. N. Brailsford, Josiah Wedgewood, E. D.
Morel, Philip Snowden, Pethwick Lawrence,
A. Fenner Brockway (recent lecturer in the
United States for the L.I.D.), etc. The
I.L.P. program states: "The I.L.P. is a
Socialist organization and has for its object
the establishment of the Socialist Common-
wealth." Mrs. Pethwick Lawrence was a
co-worker with Jane Addams in the United
States in forming the W.I.L.P.F. (see).
Socialist Margaret Bondfield was the long
time associate in the Labor Party move-
ment of Ramsay MacDonald, who made
her Britain's first woman Cabinet Minister
in his 1929-31 Cabinet when he was I.L.P.
Premier of England. She was not made a
member of the Coalition government which
followed. She took a prominent part with
Jane Addams in the congress of the Inter-
national Council of Women held July 16,
1933 in Chicago (see Ramsay MacDonald's

172

The Red Network

activities ay I.LP. leader under "Who's
Who," also "English Reds" for further
information).

The Daily Worker, Oct. 4, 1933, report-
ing the arrival of Tom Mann, English
Communist, said: "Responding to a ques-
tion about the recent action of the I.L.P.
of Great Britain in support of united front
action with the Communist International,
Mann said that 'the rank and file of the
I.L.P. is more and more taking part in
joint actions with the Communists — not
gingerly, mind you, but heartily!'"

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

OF THE WORLD
I.W.W.

From 1905, when it was founded, until
the advent of the Bolsheviks to power,
after which many of its unions and leaders
joined the Communist forces, the I.W.W.
was the most formidable revolutionary
organization in the United States. Only
about 25,000 of the 100,000 membership
remained in 1933, but new blood is now
being recruited.

Among the Socialists and Anarchists who
founded it or served as its early leaders
were Eugene V. Debs, "Big Bill" Hay-
wood, Wm. Z. Foster, Eliz. Gurley Flynn
and her husband Carlo Tresca, "Mother"
Jones, Ernest Untermann, etc. Wm. Z.
Foster and "Big Bill" Haywood went over
to the newly-formed Communist Party,
which began assuming the more dominant
role. However, the Garland Fund donated
thousands of dollars to the I.W.W. and
during the depression it has had a con-
siderable revival, largely in the west.

As an Anarcho -Syndicalist organization
its purpose is the organization of industrial
workers into unions to war against em-
ployers by any and all means, including
sabotage, burning of forests and wheat
fields, murder and violence, and eventually,
by means of the General Strike, to over-
throw the government and present capital-
ist system of society. A 48-page I.W.W.
booklet, sold in 1933, entitled "The General
Strike," is entirely devoted to the subject
of the General Strike as the I.W.W. revo-
lutionary weapon. After the revolution the
plan is to have no central government but
only a government by unions.

Its organ "One Big Union Monthly"
(Oct. 1920), describing its "Chart of
Industrial Communism," stated: "Please
note that this plan leaves no room for a
political party which specializes in gov-
ernment and ruling other people. All power

rests with the people organized in branches
of the Industrial Unions. From production
and distribution standpoint this means
Industrial Communism. From Administra-
tion standpoint it means industrial democ-
racy. Such is the program of the I.W.W."
The Aug. 11, 1920 issue stated: "The
I.W.W. views the accomplishments of the
Soviet government of Russia with breath-
less interest and intense admiration. . . . The
I.W.W. has always expelled members who
were not true to the basic principles of the
world revolution." In answer to Zinoviev's
invitation to the I.W.W. to join the Third
International, the I.W.W. moved: "That
we endorse the Third International with
reservations as follows: 'That we do not
take any part whatever in parliamentary
action and that we reserve the right to
develop our own tactics according to con-
ditions prevailing.' "

The few surviving leaders of the old
I.W.W. are now free from prison and came
from all sections of the United States to
attend the I.W.W. convention held Sept.
29-30, 1933 at the Irving Plaza Hotel, N.Y.
City. Among these were: James P. Thomp-
son, leader of the pickets in the great 1912
textile strike at Lawrence, Mass.; James
Price, once kidnaped and badly beaten dur-
ing trouble in Kentucky mines; Arthur
Boose, agricultural organizer; Monoldi
from the metal mining districts of the west;
F. Leigh Bearce, building trades organizer;
Jack Walsh, marine organizer; and Ben
Fletcher, Negro waterfront organizer in
Phila. Herbert Mahler, who was among
the group arrested after the explosion of
the bomb in the Chicago post office and
afterwards sent to Leavenworth Peniten-
tiary with Thompson, Walsh and Price,
gave an interview in Sept. 1933 at the new
I.W.W. headquarters, 94 Fifth Ave., N.Y.
City, on the I.W.W. present plans to build
anew a militant aggressive organization on
the old lines insisting now on a four-hour
day and four-day week with no wage cuts
for workers.

Official organs 1933: Industrial Worker (weekly
newspaper in English), 555 W. Lake St., Chicago;
Tie Vapauteen (Finnish monthly), Box 99,
Duluth, Minn.; Industrialiste (Finnish daily
newspaper), Box 3912, Sta. F.F., Cleveland, O.;
II Proletario (Italian weekly), Box 24, Sta. T,
Brooklyn, N.Y.; Jedna Velka Unie (Czecho-
Slovakian weekly), 11314 Revere Ave., S.E.,
Cleveland, O. I.W.W. main hdqts. 555 W. Lake
St. and 1618 W. Madison St., Chicago; branches
in England and Australia; legal defense society
is called General Defense Committee (555 W.
Lake St., Chicago); its unemployed organizations
are "Unemployed Unions"; cooperates with Social-
ists, Anarchists and Communists in the revolution-
ary "united front" "class struggle."

Organizations, Etc.

173

INPRECORR

An abbreviation, in typical Soviet style,
of "International Press Correspendence" ;
published under the latter title in pam-
phlet form and sold at Communist book-
stores; published by the Communist Inter-
national, originally in Vienna, then, until
Hitler's regime, in Berlin, now in London;
in four languages — German, French, Rus-
sian and English ; contains articles by Com-
munist leaders in various countries on
revolutionary activities, speeches by Stalin,
etc.; 31 Dudden Hill Lane, London, N.W.
10.

INTERCOLLEGIATE STUDENT
COUNCIL

Of the League for Industrial Democracy
(see).

INTERNATIONALS (1st, 2nd and 3rd)
The 1st International was formed Sept.
28, 1864 in St. Martin's Hall, London, by
a group of peaceful French syndicalists aim-
ing to improve conditions of labor, joined
by English members and the Karl Marx
clique, which latter completely captured
the organization. It was then known as
the International Workingmen's Association.
In 1869, the "Alliance Sociale Democrat-
ique," a secret society headed by the Rus-
sian anarchist Michael Bakunin was
admitted to the International and here
commenced the struggle for power which
ended in Marx wrecking the International
to get rid of these powerful anarchist
rivals. In advocacy of the class war and
militant atheism Marxists and Bakunists
were one, but, while Marx stood for State
Socialism, conquest of political power, that
is the State, by the working classes,
"nationalization of production and distri-
bution of wealth" unttt all classes should
become one and "bourgeois" desire for
individualism should be eradicated, at which
time (eternity, perhaps) State control
would become unnecessary and the State
political machine would then simply
"wither away," Bakunin, in his own resume
of his program, advocated: "Abolition of
the State in all its religious, juristic, polit-
ical and social realizations; reorganization
by the free initiative of free individuals in
free groups"; and declared "I abominate
Communism because it is a denial of free-
dom and I cannot understand anything
human without freedom." In 1872 the
Anarchists were expelled and the head-
quarters moved to New York, and four
years later the 1st International expired
completely.

2nd International: After a 13-year
interval, during which there was no Social-
ist International, a Congress at Brussels, in
1889, founded the 2nd Intl. and set up an
Intl. Socialist Bureau composed of three
delegates from each of the Socialist or
Labor Parties of the various countries
represented. Altho Karl Marx had died in
1883, this 2nd Intl. was more purely Marx-
ian than the 1st had ever been owing to
the long educational agitation by his fol-
lowers. By 1893 the 2nd Intl. had become
completely Germanized (according to
Adolphe Smith, Official Interpreter of the
Congresses from the outset). Altho Con-
gresses held in Brussels, 1891, Zurich, 1893,
London, 1896, Paris, 1900, Amsterdam,
1904, Stuttgart, 1907, Copenhagen, 1910,
Basle, 1912, each one developed increasing
Socialist internationalism or "class solidar-
ity" as opposed to patriotism, yet at the
outbreak of the World War temporary
disruption of the 2nd Intl. occurred be-
cause so many of its 12,000,000 members in
27 countries, with the exception of those in
America and Italy, adhered to their coun-
tries instead of to their Socialist principles.
While some in each country hindered and
sabotaged their governments, yet because
of the general weakening of international-
ism, present day Communists refer to the
2nd Intl. as the "Yellow International."

After the war, conferences held Feb. 2,
1919 at Berne, in April, 1919 at Amsterdam,
and at Lucerne, Aug. 2, 1919, revived the
2nd Intl., not however without violent
dissension concerning leadership, tactics,
cooperation with the Bolshevik Socialists,
etc., these points causing splits in some
national parties and a going-over en masse
of others to the 3rd International, then
being formed.

The 2nd Intl. has, in 1933, been crippled
by Hitler's rise to power in Germany,
which was its stronghold, and is looking
to Spain and the U.S.A. as its future hope,
the Rooseveltian regime being considered
the groundwork for Socialism. There is
also considerable agitation among Socialists
for full affiliation with the Communist
Intl. The Socialist and Labor International
(see) is also the name of the 2nd Intl.

3rd (or Communist) International: Rus-
sia, having by its 1917 revolution been the
first to achieve a Socialist government, is
regarded as the "Fatherland" of Socialists
everywhere. In Jan. 1919, the Soviet gov-
ernment, with the avowed purpose of plac-
ing itself at the head of the international
Socialist movement sent out a call to the
revolutionaries of the world to send dele-

174

The Red Network

International Committee

POM AIM HOLLAND

THEODORE DREISER

CHICAGO COMMITTEE FOR

STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR

CHICAGO. 1UL.

American Committee

MALCOLM COWLEV. CHAIRMAN
OAKLEY JOHNSON. SECRETARY
A. A. HELLE

SHERWOOD ANDERSON
NEWTON ARVIN
ROGER BALDWIN
HARRY ELMER BARNES
JOSEPH R BRODSKV
WINIFRED CHAPPELL
JOSEPH COHEN
IDA DAILES
H. w. L. DANA
JOHN Dos PASSOS
W. E. B. Du BOIS
JOSERH FREEMAN
MICHAEL GOLD
DONALD HENDERSON
SIDNEY HOOK
JOSHUA KUNITZ
CORLISS LAMONT
LOLA MAVERICK LLOYD
ROBERT MORSS Lovcrr
PIERRE LOVING
J. C. MCFARLAND
Rev. R.. LESTER MONDALB
FELIX MORROW
ALLA NAZIMOVA
SCOTT HEARING
WILLIAM SIMONS
UPTON SINCLAIR
LINCOLN STEFFENS
LEOPOLD STOKOWSKI
BELLE C. TAUB
THORNTON WILDER
ELLA WINTER

Chicago Committee
ROBT. MORSS LOVETT. CHAIRMAN
R. LESTER MONDALE. VICE.-CHAIRM
EDITH M. LLOYD. SECRETARY

MIRON A. MORRILL, PUBLICITY

EUGENE BECHTOLD
JEISIE 3I.NFORD
KARL BORDERS

PERCY H. BOYNTON
SOPHANISBA BRECKENRIDCI
EDWIN R. EMEREE
JULIA FELSTENTHAL

DR. S. B. FREEHOF
CHARLES w. GILKEY
MRS. ALFRED HAMBURGER
CARL HAESSLER
MRS. ALFRED KOHM
BLANCHE LOWENTHAL
DR. LOUIS L. MANN
HARRIET MONROE
CURTIS W. REESE
DR. H. M. RICHTER
DONALD SLESIMGCM
T. v. SMITH
LORADO TAFT
GRAHAM TAYLOR
JAN WITTE.NBER

JAMES M. YARD

HENRI BAR8USSE TO SPEAK
AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM !

Henri Barbusse, the noted French author, who is in
America to attend the U.S. Congress Against War,
now being held in New York, will speak at a mass meet-
ing against War and Fascism at the Chicago Coliseum
on Monday evening, October 23rd,

M. Barbusse is one of the organizers of the Internat-
ional Committee to Aid the Victims of German Fascism,.
His work' against war, both in his novels, such as
Under Fire, and his public activities, is internation-
ally known. Last year he was Chairman of tti2 Amsterdam
Congress Against War.

A preliminary meeting is being called at the CITY CLUB,
315 Plymouth Court, on Thursday, October 5th at 4 p.m..
to make plans for supporting the Barbusse mass meeting.
All peace societies, and organizations interested in
fighting German *ascism, are urged to send represent-
atives. Individuals are also invited to attend. Mem-
bers of the Chicago Committee for Struggle Against War
should by all means be present.

The visit of Henrt Barbusse is a tremendously important
event. To make the mass meeting a "success it is necess-
ary that every organization send delegates to this
preliminary meeting.

Sincerely yours,

Robert Morss Lovett
Chai rman

Or, S. B. Freehof

Edith M, Ltoyd

Secretary
7921 S.LaSaHe

Facsimile of notice urging support of Communist Barbusse meeting, which was jointly sponsored by the
Chicago Committee for Struggle Against War and the Chicago Committee of the communist National
Committee to Aid Victims of German Fascism, Communist Barbusse being an international officer of
both organizations. This Chicago Committee for S.A.W. was called to the platform to occupy seats of
honor. John Fitzpatrick, president of the Chicago Federation of Labor, although a member, sidestepped
an invitation to speak as a representative of the A.F. of L., according to "Anti-Fascist Action" (maga-
zine of the Chgo. Com. of Nat. Com. to Aid Victims of German Fascism), which was sold at the meeting.

Organizations, Etc.

175

gates to Moscow, where, as a result, Mar.
2-6, 1919, 32 delegates representing 12
countries founded the 3rd International, or
Komintern as it is sometimes called (from
a combination of Russian words Kom-
munistitcheski Internazional) . The plat-
form proposed in the call (quoted in full
in Lusk Report) included: "taking pos-
session at once of the governmental power
... in order to replace it by the apparatus
of proletarian power. (4) The dictator-
ship of the proletariat should aim at the
immediate expropriation of capitalism and
the suppression of private property and its
transfer to the proletarian state under
Socialist administration of the working
class. (5) In order to make the Socialist
revolution secure, the disarming of the
bourgeoisie and of its agents and the gen-
eral arming of the proletariat are neces-
sary." (Naturally, disarmament is backed
by Communists everywhere for this pur-
pose.) "(6) The fundamental condition of
the state is the mass action of the pro-
letariat going as far as open conflict with
arms in hand against the governmental
power of capitalism," etc. Sept. 8, 1919,
a Manifesto was sent out urging all revo-
lutionaries, whether I.W.W., Anarchist, or1
Socialist, to unite in forming a united
Communist Party.

As a result of the formation and call
of the 3rd International a division occurred
in other Socialist revolutionary ranks. As
parties the Norwegian Labour Party, Swed-
ish Left Socialist Party, Hungarian Com-
munist Party, Swiss Social Democratic
Party, Italian Socialist Party, went over
en masse to the 3rd International, while
the American Socialist Party' split, the Left
wing forming the Communist Party on
Sept. 1, 1919, in Chicago. The British,
French, Belgian, Dutch and Swedish Par-
ties and the German majority Socialists
retained their allegiance to the 2nd Inter-
national. Communist Parties were, how-
ever, then formed in all of these countries
and the 3rd International or Comintern
now controls parties operating in 57
countries.

INTL., AMERICAN AND CHICAGO
COMMITTEES FOR STRUGGLE

AGAINST WAR
Intl., Am., Chgo.,
Com. for S.A.W.

The communist Intl. League Against
Imperialism's agencies for agitating against
national defense in various countries and
advocating sabotage, revolutionary defense

of the Soviet Union, and the turning of
"imperialist war into civil war" or Red
revolution.

A letter sent out July 19, 1932 signed
by Theodore Dreiser asking for funds to
aid the communist-called World Congress
Against War at Amsterdam, Aug. 20, 1932,
listed on its letterhead as the Intl. Com-
mittee for the World Congress, the same
committee now listed as the Intl. Com-
mittee for Struggle Against War on the
letterhead (see facsimile) of the Chgo. Com.
for Struggle Against War, which sent out a
letter calling a meeting at the Chicago
City Club, Oct. 5, 1933, to "make plans
for supporting the Barbusse mass meeting,"
which was sponsored jointly with the Chi-
cago Committee to Aid Victims of German
Fascism (of the Communist W.I.R.).

At this Communist mass meeting at the
Coliseum, called to honor Communist
Henri Barbusse, only the Red flag was
displayed and the International, song of
Red revolution, sung. The Chicago Com-
mittee were called to the platform to
occupy seats on the stage. Clayton C.
Morrisson, editor of the "Christian (?)
Century," presided and was cheered when
he said that he was proud to stand shoulder
to shoulder with Barbusse and that we
would never have peace until our capital-
istic system was abolished! Jos. Gardner
of the Workers Ex-Service Men's League,
Robt. Brown of the Metal Wkrs. Industrial
Union (Communist), Jos. Freeman of com-
munist "New Masses," and a representa-
tive of the Young Communist League
spoke. Prof. H. W. L. Dana of Harvard,
who greeted the audience as "Comrades"
and said he was traveling around with
Barbusse to translate his French speeches,
collected money from the Communist
organizations for the "cause." Mrs. J.
Louis Engdahl, a Chicago Public School
teacher, widow of the head of the commu-
nist I.L.D., donated $20.00. Communist
resolutions were passed with thunderous
unanimity and Barbusse was ushered in
by a delegation of the Wkrs. Ex-Service
Men's League, a Negro bearing the velvet
banner. Barbusse is the founder of this
organization, which teaches soldiers of all
nations to turn their country's war into a
bloody Red revolution.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR

STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR:
(Same as Intl. Com. for World Congress
Against War.)

Remain Rolland, Henri Barbusse (the honored
Communist from France), Theodore Dreiser, Albert

176

The Red Network

Einstein, Maxim Gorky, Heinrich Mann, Bernard
Shaw, Mme. Sun Yat Sen.

American Committee jor Struggle Against

War:

Theo. Dreiser, hon chmn.; Malcolm Cowley,
chmn.; Oakley Johnson, sec.; A. A. Heller, treas. ;
Sherwood Anderson, Newton Arvin, Roger Bald-
win, Harry Elmer Barnes, Jos. R. Brodsky, Wini-
fred Cbappell, Jos. Cohen, Ida Dailes, H. W. L.
Dana, John Dos Passes, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jos.
Freeman, Michael Gold, Donald Henderson, Sid-
ney Hook, Joshua Kunitz, Corliss Lamont, Lola
Maverick Lloyd, Robt. Morss Lovett, Pierre Lov-
ing, J. C. McFarland, Rev. R. Lester Mondale,
Felix Morrow, Alia Nazimova, Scott Nearing, Wm.
Simons, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Leopold
Stokowski, Belle G. Taub, Thornton Wilder, Ella
Winter.

Chicago Committee for Struggle Against
War (which sponsored the Henri Barbusse
Communist mass meeting and which lists
on its letterhead these International, Amer-
ican, and Chicago Committees for Struggle
Against War — see facsimile):

Robt. Morss Lovett, chmn.; R. Lester Mondale,
vice chmn.; Edith M. Lloyd, sec.; Edw. M. Win-
ston, treas.; Miron A. Morrill, publicity; Eugene
Bechtold, Jessie Binford, Karl Borders, Alice
Boynton, Percy H. Boynton, Sophonisba Brecken-
ridge, Edwin R. Embree, Julia Felstenthal, John
Fitzpatrick (Chgo. Fed. of Lab.), Dr. S. B. Free-
hof, Rev. Chas. W. Gilkey, Mrs. Alfred Ham-
burger, Carl Haessler, Mrs. Alfred Kohn, Blanche
Lowenthal, Dr. Louis L. Mann, Harriet Monroe,
Curtis W. Reese, Dr. H. M. Richter, Donald Sles-
inger, T. V. Smith, Lorado Taft, Graham Taylor,
Jan Wittenber, James M. Yard.

The full memberships of the Inter-
national and American Committees for
Struggle Against War as listed by their
Report and Manifesto may be found under
"World Congress Against War."

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR
POLITICAL PRISONERS

Intl. Com. for Pol. Pris.

Formed by A.C.L.U. members to aid
and raise money for "political prisoners,"
the term used by radicals to designate
those jailed for seditious activities; reed,
money from Garland Fund; sent an appeal
in 1933 to the Chinese government in
behalf of the Communist Chen Du Hsui
which was signed by John Haynes Holmes,
Oswald Garrison Villard, Arthur Garfield
Hays, Roger N. Baldwin, Upton Sinclair,
Lewis S. Gannett, Sherwood Anderson,
Theodore Dreiser, Floyd Dell, Waldo
Frank, Malcolm Cowley.

INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE

The American section of the Moscow-
controlled communist International Red
Aid, the Russian section being called M.O.
P.R.; formed in Chicago, 1925; legally

aids and propagandizes in behalf of Com-
munist criminals arrested for revolutionary
activities; has sections in 67 countries, 37
existing illegally; claims 9,000,000 members
and an additional 1,600,000 in affiliated
organizations (Am. Labor Year Book) ;
continually cooperates with the American
Civil Liberties Union on cases; now agitat-
ing race hatred with its money-making
Scottsboro campaign (see under article
"News").

INTERNATIONAL LADIES GARMENT

WORKERS UNION
Intl. Ladies Garm. Wkrs. Un.

"The Amalgamated Clothing Workers,
the International Ladies Garment Workers
Union and the Cloth Hat, Cap and Milli-
nery Workers Union. . . . And the Knit
Goods Union. . . All of these organizations
are in the control of leaders who are either
open Socialists or open Communists. . . .
The membership of these organizations is
fully 90 per cent Socialist or Communist.
Fully 75 per cent of the membership is
foreign born, only a small proportion of
this element having gained citizenship
papers or even applied for such papers.
Being firmly of the belief that through
'general strike' they can and will bring
about the 'revolution' they expect soon to
control and direct the government of the
United States just as their brothers now
control and direct the government of Rus-
sia. . . . They join with their communist
brothers in the celebration of a 'red' May
Day. . . . The Intl. Ladies Garm. Wkrs.
recently (1927) called a strike in the city
of New York. It was followed by rioting
and general disorder. . . . The committee
directing this strike was in the hands of
open Communists" (Marvin Data Sheets,
28-18) ; The Lusk Report says of the Intl.
Ladies Garm. Wkrs.: "The preamble of
the constitution indicates that it is
founded upon the principles of the class
struggle; that it adopts the One Big Union
idea and seeks to bring about the over-
throw of the present system of society. . . .
It is affiliated with the Workers Defense
Union of which Eliz. Gurley Flynn is the
leader, and with which F. G. Biedenkapp
of the Metal Workers' Union is secretary.
. . . This Union recognizes the need of edu-
cating its members in Economics, Sociology
and other cultural subjects so that they
may prepare to conduct and manage the
industry if their program of seizure is car-
ried out . . . began its educational work
in 1914 in conjunction with the Rand

Organizations, Etc.

177

School. About ISO members of the Union
were sent to the school. ... It is closely
affiliated with the Socialist Party of Amer-
ica"; its hdqts., 3 W. 16th St., New York
City, David Dubinsky.

INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE

AGAINST IMPERIALISM
See under All-America Anti-Imperialist
League, its American branch.

INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR
WORKERS EDUCATION

Moscow's Communist organization con-
trolling subsidiary societies such as the
Russian Educational Society, etc. in var-
ious countries.

INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE

Organ of International Union of Revo-
lutionary Writers (see).

INTERNATIONAL OF THE GODLESS

Communist anti-religious organization
formed at Moscow 1931; the American
section is the Proletarian Anti-Religious
League (SO E. 13th St., N.Y. City). It is
affiliated also with the World Union of
Atheists and its American section, Union
of Militant Atheists, which was organized
by the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Atheism.

INTERNATIONAL OF SEAMEN

AND HARBOR WORKERS
Section of the Red International of Labor
Unions (R.I.L.U.).

INTERNATIONAL OF
TRANSPORTATION WORKERS
Section of Red International of Labor
Unions (R.I.L.U.).

INTERNATIONAL PAMPHLETS

Series of official Communist propaganda
pamphlets selling at Sc and lOc each;
especially compiled for International Pam-
phlets (799 Broadway, New York), by
Party authorities and published by the
communist International Publishers; for-
merly aided by the Garland Fund; "On
the Chain Gang," by John L. Spivak
(printed serially also in the Daily Worker)
is, for example, number 32; "The Church
and the Workers" by Bennett Stevens
(which sets forth the militant atheistic
standpoint of Communism) is No. IS;
"The Injunction Menace" by Charlotte
Todes is No. 22, etc., etc. Among other
writers are:

J. S. Allen, B. D. Amis, George Anstrom, Louis

Berg, Grace Burnham, James Barnett, Donald
Cameron, Elliot E. Cohen, Whittaker Chambers,
Robt. L. Cruden, Robt. W. Dunn, R. Doonping,
Bert Grant, Harry Cannes, Harold Ware, Maxim
Gorki, Henry Hall, Grace Hutchins, Harry Hay-
wood, Milton Howard, A. B. Magil, Felix Morrow,
Joseph North, Vern Smith, Anna Louise Strong,
N. Sparks, Ray Stewart, Wm. Siegel, Alexander
Trachtenberg.

INTERNATIONAL PRESS
CORRESPONDENCE

See under Inprecorr.

INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS

Official Soviet publishing house in the
U.S. headed by Alexander Trachtenberg,
long an active Communist executive; 381
Fourth Ave., N.Y.C.

INTERNATIONAL RED AID

World Moscow-directed organization of
which M.O.P.R. is the Russian section, and
International Labor Defense, the Amer-
ican section; gives legal aid and relief to
Communist revolutionaries.

INTERNATIONAL SEAMEN'S CLUBS
Affiliated with the Intl. of Seamen and
Harbor Workers and the communist
Marine Workers Industrial Union.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THE
REVOLUTIONARY THEATRE

Moscow's Communist organization, a
Section of Agit-Prop, which controls Mid-
European, Anglo-American, Latin-Europ-
ean, East Asiatic theatre commissions
headed by Soviet propaganda theatre
leaders who study the "problems of the
revolutionary theatre"; has 419 affiliated
Czecho-Slovakian groups with 10,000 mem-
bers, an English section, Holland section
and 232 groups in Germany; American
sections are the League of Workers
Theatres (see), the Proletarian Dramatic
League, and affiliated groups; formerly
called the International Workers Dramatic
Union of Moscow; directs activities of
Communist propaganda theatres, dance
leagues and production of motion pictures.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF
REVOLUTIONARY WRITERS

(of the International Bureau of
Revolutionary Literature) .

Moscow's international Communist or-
ganization ; the Revolutionary Writers
Federation is the American branch (see) ;
its 2nd World Conference, held Nov. 15,
1930 at Kharkov, Russia, commissioned
the John Reed Club American delegation

178

The Red Network

of writers to organize the Workers Cul-
tural Federation (see) ; its official organ
is "International Literature," which adver-
tises itself as: "Literature of the World
Revolution — devoted to the proletarian and
revolutionary literature of all countries —
the central organ of the International Union
of Revolutionary Writers"; published
every two months in Moscow in English,
French, German, and Russian. Yearly
subscription $1. "Send all subscriptions:
Moscow, Central Post Office, Box 850."
The Oct. 1933 issue, No. 4, gave as its
International Advisory Board:

M. Anderson-Nexo, Henri Barbusse, J. R.
Becher, Michael Gold, Maxim Gorki, A. Lun-
acharsky, A. Magil, Go Ma-jo. John Dos Passes,
Ludwig Renn, Rornain Rolland, A. Serafimovich,
Upton Sinclair, Tokunaga Naossi, E. Weinert;
Permanent Contributors (many countries listed):
United States: Emjo Basshe, Walt Carmon, Jack

Conroy, John Dos Passos, Theodore Dreiser, Fred
Ellis, Ed. Falkowski, Joseph Freeman, Michael
Gold, Horace Gregory, John Herrmann, Josephine

Herbst, Langston Hughes, Joseph Kalar, Joshua
Kunitz, Louis Lozowick, Norman Macleod, A. B.
Magil, Myra Page, Upton Sinclair, Agnes Smedley,
Herman Spector, Mary Heaton Vorse; Germany:
Oskar Bauer, J. R. Becher, O. Biha, B. Brecht,
W. Bredel, E. Ginkel, E. Glaeser, O. M. Graf,
K. Gruenberg, A. Hotopp, E. E. Kosch, K.
Klaeber, A. Kurella, H. Marchwitza, K. Neukranz,
L. Renn, G. Ring, F. Rubiner, B. Scharrer, A.
Seghers, L. Turek, E. Weinert, F. Weisskopf, K.
Wittvogel; France: L. Aragon5 H. Barbusse, J.
Duclos, J. Freville, F. Tourdam, L. Moussinac,
Remain Rolland, P. Vaillant-Couturier; England:
Ch. Ashleigh, Bob Ellis, Harold Heslop; (staff
changed but slightly from 1932).

INTERNATIONAL WORKERS AID

Communist; changed name about 1929
to Workers International Relief (see).

INTERNATIONAL WORKERS ORDER
I.W.O.

Communist fraternal and agitational
insurance society formed in 1930 by 7,000,
mainly Jewish, members of the left wing
of the Workmen's Circle. Now, after
three years, it claims 34,000 members
including branches of Hungarians, Slovaks,
Ukrainians, Italians, Polish, Russians,
Armenians, Spanish, Bulgarians, Greeks,
Negroes and Americans; conducts Russian,
Slovak, Ukrainian, and Jewish Communist
language schools and about 130 elementary
and high schools for children in order to
counteract "capitalistic" and "nationalistic"
public school influences. To quote: "In
these schools the children are taught the
various languages and are told about the
struggle of the workers against their
bosses. The children learn not only about
the workers and their struggle but actually
participate in demonstrations, mass meet-

ings, etc. People send their children to
these schools in order that they may learn
the language taught there. Some parents,
when they learn what is taught at the
schools, are drawn into the branches of
the "International Workers Order." (From
2nd I.W.O. Convention Program.) "Many
workers from basic industries have been
introduced to the revolutionary movement
through the I.W.O.," said the Chgo.
Workers Voice (Feb. 15, 1933).

I attended the I.W.O. Second Annual
Convention held at the Chicago Coliseum,
June 17, 1933. Fully 12,000 people were
there. A children's chorus of 500, a mass
pageant of 1,000, 700 delegates, and
speakers Max Bedacht, Ben Gold, M. Olgin
had been advertised. The usual printed
signs about the Scottsboro boys, Mooney,
disarmament (for America) and many Red
flags were in evidence. Children were
dressed in red. The Internationale was
sung, holding right arms upraised with
clenched fists. Loud applause greeted
speakers when they referred to the coming
Red revolution. Barefooted girl dancers
dressed in red, representing the Commu-
nists, at the left of the stage pageant, were
backed by grim bare-armed, shirt-sleeved
"working" men with clenched fists. In the
center a group of girls dressed in yellow
represented the Socialists. At the right,
"capitalist" girls in black decorated with
silver dollar signs and backed by a priest
with a cross, two plug-hatted "capitalists,"
and police, danced about until the Reds
were joined by the Yellows and finally
surged forward, struck the cross out of
the priest's hands, drove out all the "Cap-
italists" and took possession of the stage
sets representing banks, factories, hos-
pitals, etc. This pageant was in four epi-
sodes. Wild applause greeted the riotous
Red triumphs. When at the opening of
one scene the priest was seen seated alone
on a park bench, a mighty "boo" arose
from the audience.

INTERNATIONAL WORKING
MENS ASSOCIATION

Anarcho - syndicalist association with
affiliated groups in 24 countries; head-
quarters in Berlin; its congress held in
Madrid, 1931 "in greeting the overthrow
of the Spanish monarchy, expressed great
faith in the ability of the Confederation
Nacional del Trabajo, which claimed a
membership of 600,000, to do its part in
the final emancipation of the Spanish
proletariat" (Am. Labor Year Book) ;

Organizations, Etc.

179

the Confederation National del Trobajo
is its Spanish, and strongest, unit, with a
membership of about a million and a
half members claimed in 1933.

This anarchist-communist group was
responsible for the overthrow of the Span-
ish government. Anarchist M. Olay of
Chicago, in "Recovery Through Revolu-
tion," writes of the power of anarchist-
communism in Spain. He himself takes
part in the anarchist, I.W.W., Socialist,
Communist "united front" activities. Ad-
visory Associates, Nov. 8, 1933, report that
the Intl. Workingmens Assn. has opened
headquarters at 94 Fifth Ave., N.Y. City,
and are to issue a special press service
release giving information concerning
Anarchist activities throughout the world,
and comments that "Organized Anarchism
is reestablishing itself in the United States
once more." (See Free Society Group
also.)

INTOURIST

Official Soviet government travel agency,
with offices in England, Germany, France,
Chicago, New York City (261 Fifth Ave.),
etc. Has sole charge of all tourist travel
in the U.S.S.R.; provides and trains the
guides to show and tell tourists what they
"should" see and hear; distributes "Soviet
Travel," a monthly magazine containing
the usual false propaganda articles and
"staged" photographs; affiliated with "Open
Road."

IRISH WORKERS CLUB

304 W. 58th St., N.Y. City; Communist
Party club; reed. 200 copies weekly from
Ireland of Irish Workers Voice "until
Duffy's blue shirted heroes burned down
Connolly House, the hdqts. of the Commu-
nist Party in Ireland; the group at home
have had to forego regular publication for
lack of funds." (Daily Worker, Nov. 8,
1933.)

IRON AND BRONZE WORKERS

INDUSTRIAL UNION
A Communist T.U.U.L. union.

IZVESTIA

Official organ of the Soviet government
or "All-Russian Central Executive Com-
mittee"; published in Moscow.

JACK LONDON CLUBS

A section of the communist Revolution-
ary Writers Federation; named in honor

of Jack London, the revolutionary who
was the first president of the Intercollegiate
Socialist Society (now L.I.D.) and who
said: "Few members of the capitalist class
see the revolution. Most of them are too
ignorant, and many are too afraid to see
it. It is the same old story of every per-
ishing ruling class in the world's history.
Fat with power and possession, drunken
with success and made soft by surfeit and
by cessation of struggle, they are like
drones clustered about the honey vats
when the worker-bees spring upon them
to end their rotund existence." The
Newark, N.J. branch was forming "Hands
Off Cuba" Committees in answer to the
call of the A.A.A.I. Lg. (Daily Worker,
Oct. 17, 1933.)

JAPANESE CULTURAL
FEDERATION

Section of communist Revolutionary
Writers Federation.

JEWELRY WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION

Communist T.U.U.L. union.

JEWISH WORKERS CLUBS
OF AMERICA

Communist; N. I. Costrell, sec. Nat.
Exec. Com.; I. Goldberg, sec. N.Y. City
Com.; M. Strassburger, sec. Chicago City
Com.; N. Korman, sec. Phila. City Com.;
E. Kingston, sec. Detroit City Com.

The following clubs donated a half page
advertisement to the 10th Anniversary edi-
tion of the Daily Worker, Jan. 6, 1934,
expressing their wholehearted backing of
its Communist revolutionary agitations say-
ing "On with the struggle":

N.Y. City Clubs: Artef Workers Club, Bath.
Beach Workers Club, Boro Park Workers Club,
Bridge Plaza Workers Club, Brighton Beach
Workers Club, Bronx Workers Club, Brownsville
Workers Club, Brownsville Youth Center, Coney
Island Workers Club. Downtown Workers Club,
East N.Y. Workers Club, East Side Workers Club,
Hinsdale Workers Club, Jackson Workers Club,
Jerome Workers Club, Mapleton Workers Club,
Middle Bronx Workers Club, New Lots Workers
Club, Prospect Workers Club, Vegetarian Workers
Club, Williamsburg Workers Club, Workers Self-
Education Club, White Plains Workers Club, Zuk-
unft Workers Club; Chicago: Hirsch Leckert Work-
ers Club, North West Workers Club, West Side
Workers Club, M. Winchevsky Workers Club; Phila-
delphia: Down Town Workers Club, Strawberry
Mansion Workers Club; Detroit: Jewish Young
Workers Club, Oakland Workers Club, West Side
Workers Club; Boston: Dorchester Workers Club,
Roxbury Workers Club; Baltimore Workers Club;
Cleveland Workers Club; Los Angeles Workers
Club; Minneapolis Workers Club; Newark
Workers Club; New Brunswick Workers Club;

180

The Red Network

Paterson Workers Club; Rochester Workers Club;
Toledo Workers Club; Wash., B.C.: Five Star
Youth Club.

JEWISH WORKERS PARTY

(Poale Zion Left Wing)
Socialist, pro-communist, Zionist party;
a supporting organization of the Nat. Com.
to Aid Victims of German Fascism.

JOHN REED CLUBS

Communist Clubs named in honor of the
so-called "first American Communist,"
John Reed. Affiliate of the Intl. Union of
the Revolutionary Theatre. As a section
of the communist International Union of
Revolutionary Writers, the New York
Club, 430 6th Ave., organized the Workers
Cultural Federation (see) with which the
John Reed branches are affiliated. There
are now (1933) about 30 branches located
in New York, Chicago, Detroit, Waukegan,
Illinois, Madison, Wis., Chapel Hill, N.C.,
etc.

The formation of the New Y'ork branch
was thus described by Communist Michael
Geld ("New Masses," Jan. 1930 issue):
"The John Reed Club was organized about
two months ago here in New York. It is
a small group of writers, artists, sculptors,
musicians and dancers of revolutionary
tendencies. . . . Several activities have
begun. The artists arranged an exhibition
at the Workers Co-operative House in the
Bronx. About 35 pictures were hung. The
exhibit will be shown for about 4 weeks.
Over 300 workers came to the opening.
There was a furious discussion led by
Lozowick, Basshe, Cropper, Klein and
others. ... At the next meeting I shall
propose the following:

"That every writer in the group attach
himself to one of the industries. That he
spend the next few years in and out of this
industry, studying it from every angle,
making himself an expert in it, so that
when he writes of it he will write like an
insider, not like a bourgeois intellectual
observer. He will help on the publicity in
strikes, etc. He will have his roots in
something real. The old Fabians used to
get together and write essays based on the
books they had read. We will get close
to the realities."

The Detroit branch publishes a monthly
magazine, "The New Force," at 8224
Twelfth St., Detroit, Mich.; the Chicago
branch, 1475 S. Michigan Ave., started
publishing (June, 1933) a magazine, "Left
Front," which issue announced that
Speakers during the 1932-33 season "have

included Malcolm Cowley, Eugene Bech-
told, Waldo Frank, Robt. Morss Lovett,
Dr. James M. Yard, Wm. Gebert, Robt.
Minor, Leo Fisher, Carl Haessler, and Pro-
fessors Harold Lasswell, Frederic Schuman,
Louis Wirth, Lawrence Martin, Francis
Heisler, Louis Gottschalk and Melville J.
Herskovitz. . . . Members of the club
have taken a leading part in the organ-
ization at the Workers' School, the Free
Tom Mooney Conference, the Chicago
Workers Theatre, the Committee for
Struggle Against War, the Anti-Fascist
United Front, the School for Workers'
Children and the May First Demonstra-
tion. A year ago one of the Chicago Club
members helped to organize the Milwaukee
John Reed Club, and during the winter he
also assisted in the forming of a John
Reed Club at the University of Wisconsin
at Madison."

Those listed as signing the John Reed
Club protest against anti-Red propaganda
(published in the N.Y. Times of May
19, 1930) are:

L. Adohmyan, Sherwood Anderson, Em jo
Basshe, Helen Black, Prof. Franz Boas, Alter
Brody, Samuel Brody, Fritz Brosins, Jacob Burck,
David Burlink, Rev. R. B. Callahan, Walt Car-
mon, Ralph Cheyney, N. Cirovsky, Lydia Cin-
quegrana, Sarah N. Cleghorn, Ann Coles, Mal-
colm Cowley, Franz E. Daniel, Miriam A.
DeFord, Adolf Dehn, Floyd Dell, L. A. DeSantes,
Babette Deutsch, Carl Van Doren, John Dos
Passos, Robert W. Dunn, Max Eastman, Charles
Ellis, Fred Ellis, Ernestine Evans, Kenneth Fear-
ing, Sara Bard Field, Waldo Frank, Harry Free-
man, Al Frueh, Hugo Gellert, Michael Gold,
Floyd S. Gove, C. Hartley Grattan, Horace
Gregory, Wm. Cropper, Rose Gruening, Carl
Haessler, E. Haldeman-Julius, M. Haldeman-
Julius, Ruth Hale, Jack Hardy, Mina Harkavy,
Prof. S. R. Harlow, Chas. Y. Harrison, Aline D.
Hays, Arthur G. Hays, Lowell B. Hazzard,
Josephine Herbst, John Hermann, Harold Hicker-
son, Grace Hutchins, Eitaro Ishigaki, Joseph Kap-
han, Ellen A. Kennan, Rev. C. D. Ketcham, Rev.
Frank Kingdon, I. Kittine, I. Klein, Alfred Kreym-
borg, Joshua Kunitz, Melvin P. Levy, Louis Lozo-
wick, Grace Lumpkin, Norman Macleod, A. B.
Magil, Jan Matulka, H. L. Mencken, Norma
Millay, Harriet Monroe, Prof. Frank McLean,
Scott Nearing, Alfred H. Neumann, Eugene Nigob,
Joseph North, Harvey O'Connor, M. J. Olgin,
Joseph Pass, Morris Pass, Nemo Piccoli, Harry A.
Potamkin, John Cowper Powys, Juanita Preval,
Walter Quirt, Burton Rascoe, Anton Refregier,
Philip Reisman, Louis Ribak, Boardman Robin-
son, Anna Rochester. Anna Rosenberg, Julius
Rosenthal, Martin Russak, Samuel Russak, David
Saposs, E. A. Schachner, Theodore Scheel, Isidor
Schneider, Evelyn Scott, Edwin Seaver, Edith
Segal, Esther Shemitz, Wm. Siegel, Upton Sinclair,
John Sloan, Otto Soglow, A. Solataroff, Waiter
Snow, Raphael Soyer, Herman Spector, Prof. J. M.
Stalnaker, Genevieve Taggard, Eunice Tietjens,
Carlo Tresca, Jim Tully, Louis Untermyer,
Toseph Vogel, Keene Wallis, Frank Walts, Prof.
R. E. Waxwell, Rev. C. C. Webber, G. F. Willi-
son, Edmund Wilson, Jr., Adolf Wolff, Chas.
E. S. Wood, Art Young, Stark Young, Avrahm
Yarmolinsky, Wm. Zarach.

Organizations, Etc.

181

JOINT COMMITTEE ON
UNEMPLOYMENT

A union of radical organizations headed
by John Dewey. A letter was sent out by
him Nov. 1931, urging individuals and
representatives of organizations to come
to a "Conference on The Unemployment
Program for Congress" to be held Nov. 30,
in Washington. The letterhead read as
follows: The Joint Committee on Unem-
ployment: 22 East 17th St., New York
City. Washington Office: Room 39, Bliss
Bldg., Washington, B.C. Council: Church
League for Industrial Democracy, Wm.
Spofford Director; Conference for Pro-
gressive Political Action, A. J. Muste,
Director; Fellowship of Reconciliation, J.
B. Matthews, Secretary; Labor Bureau,
Inc., Alfred Bernheim, Director; League
for Independent Political Action, Howard
Y. Williams, Secretary; League for Indus-
trial Democracy, Norman Thomas, Direc-
tor; National Unemployment League, Dar-
win J. Meserole, President; Peoples Lobby,
Benj. Marsh, Executive Sec.; Social Service
Commission of the Central Conference of
Rabbis, Rabbi Edward I. Israel; Social
Service Commission of the Methodist
Church, Winifred Chappell, Secretary;
Workmen's Sick and Death Benefit Asso-
ciation, Wm. Spuhr, Secretary; Abraham
Epstein, Executive Sec. American Assn. for
Old Age Security; Hubert C. Herring,
Exec. Sec. of the Dept. of Social Relations
Congregational Education Society; Sidney
Hillman, President of the Amalgamated
Cloth. Workers of America; A. J. Kennedy,
President of the Amalgamated Lithog-
raphers of America; Abraham Lefkowitz
of the Teachers' Union; Emil Rieve,
President of the American Federation of
Full Fashioned Hosiery Workers (social-
istic). The National Religion and Labor
Foundation became a member 1933. The
Jt. Com. on Unemp. Conference held
March 18, 1933 was addressed by Father
John A. Ryan, Jerome Davis, Rabbi Edw.
Israel, all of the Foundation, and these
addresses were broadcast by radio.

Officers: chmn., John Dewey; vice chmn.:
Harriet Stanton Blatch, Mrs. Ethel Hyde, John
Haynes Holmes, Bishop Francis J. McConnell,
Father John A. Ryan, Norman Thomas, Stephen
S. Wise; sec.-treas., Mary Fox; exec, com.:
Alfred Bernheim, Abraham Epstein, Mary Fox,
Sidney Goldstein, Benj. Mandel, Benj. Marsh,
Darwin J. Meserole, Howard Y. Williams.

K
KENTUCKY MINERS DEFENSE

AND RELIEF COMMITTEE
An I.W.W. Committee formed to defend
43 Harlan, Ky. miners arrested for Red

agitation and terrorism; its letterhead
gives its address as 1618 W. Madison St.,
Chgo. (I.W.W. hdqts.), and lists Hoch-
rein, Carl Keller and Chas. C. Velsek, as
chmn., sec. and treas. ; Advisory Com-
mittee: Ralph Chaplin (I.W.W.), Robt.
Morss Lovett, Norman B. Barr; and states
that it is "Endorsed By": General Defense
Committee (of I.W.W.) ; Proletarian
Party (Communist); Socialist Party;
Free Society Group (Anarchist) ; Socialist
Youth League; Industrial Workers of the
World; Arbeiter Kultur und Sport Kartell;
Connolly Club.

LABOR AGE

Monthly official organ of the Conference
for Progressive Labor Action, militant left
wing Socialist labor organization; pres.,
A. J. Muste; editor, Louis Budenz; 128 E.
16th St., N.Y.C. Changed 1933 to weekly
paper "Labor Action."

LABOR AND SOCIALIST
INTERNATIONAL

The Socialist, or Second, International
(see) ; its 1931 Congress met in Vienna
with 742 delegates representing 37 parties
in 29 countries. Emile Vandervelde was
chairman.

LABOR BUREAU, INC.
Socialist statistical bureau analysing
economic, labor developments from a
Socialist viewpoint; located in New York
with branches in Chicago and San Fran-
cisco; issues monthly bulletin "Facts for
Workers"; is composed of Alfred and
Sarah Bernheim, Stuart Chase, Kathryn
Fenn, S. B. Lewin, Estelle Shrifte, George
Soule and Norman Ware.

LABOR DEFENDER
Monthly organ of the communist Inter-
national Labor Defense; editors: Wm. L.
Patterson, Joseph North; assoc. eds.:
Louis Coleman, Sasha Small; contrib. eds:
Henri Barbusse, Jacob Burck, Whittaker
Chambers, Robt. W. Dunn, John Dos
Passes, Maxim Gorki, Eugene Gordon,
Hugo Gellert, Josephine Herbst, Grace
Hutchins, Melvin P. Levy, Esther Lowell,
Joseph Pass, Paul Peters, Ludwig Renn,
Lincoln Steffens, Chas. Rumford Walker,
Walter Wilson; 80 E llth St., Room 430,
New York.

LABOR DEFENSE COUNCIL

Organized by the Communist Party Cen-
tral Executive Committee in 1922, to raise

182

The Red Network

XttlONAl COUHITTU

S'dCER N. BALDWIN. New York City
NORMAN B. BARR. Chic.«o

Director Oliver IratUuu
DENNIS E. BATT. Deftoit

£Ji(o/ Detrofc Lfoor fftwt. 0. O.

Dtt. Ftd. Labor
EUCENC I. BROCK.

Chairman Profrntifc Vttaf

I. C. BROWN. Chl««o

National Stc'f farmtr. Labor forty
ROBERT M. BUCK. Chictfo

Editor Ntw Uojorit}. 0. 0. Cki-

COfo Ftd. of Labor
10HN C. CLAY. Cbie*f«

S«> T,om,t*n Loco! Vniou lit
LENETTA M. COOPER. CbicMO
K. D. CRAMER. MioBeapolu

Ed.ui ft Mot. Lobot *«««»
EUGENE V. DEBS. Tcrre H«uu
ELIZABETH CURLEY FLYNN. New Ywk
JOHN C FLORA. Cbictf*
JOHN HAYNES HOLMES. New YoA
MAX S. HAYES. Ck»eUnd
FRANCIS USHER KANE. PhlUd.lphU
DK. JOHN A. LAPP. Chicago

Director Notion* CoAotic retf«r«

CoMffl

MORITZ J. LOEB. Chlw.o
FKANCES C. LUJLIE. Chk««
FATHER JOHN A. RYAN. W

COM**

JOHN T, TAYLOR. Deftoil
HULET M. WELLS. SutiU
CLOHCE P. WEST. S» FtwciMO
LOCAL COMUITTU

H. BERLIN.

loini toord Dr€ti onj Wminm,k,r,

Union. I. L. C. V. V.
ELIZABKTH CURLEY FLYNN.
HENRY X. LINVILLE.
UCRMA BEHMAfl.

National Ur/tnu Cummillc.
BROWNSTEIN.

JULIUS LAZAAD.

Mtkin l/nioi

LENA GOODMAN.

Loditi foitu

S. E. BEARDSLEY.

, .

M. OBCUUEIEK.

,,,1,1 »or

toot Woiktrt »l Amttic*
LEO HALTFBAUER.

Architect Ointmtnul lion •**

Brtrut Voktr, Union
MORRIS EDELS1X1N.

Fane, Ltatktr Good, forktr, Unun

foiktit ol *.. Local 49

CO Of CHAT INC fITH COMMITTEE

OF THE DEFENDANTS
EARL R. BROWDER. Chic.fo
WILLIAM F. DUNNE. New York City
WILLIAM FOSTER. Chi«fo
C E. RUTHENBERC. Cknlu4

NATIONAL ornccits

ROBERT M. BUCK, duirmut
EUGENE V. DEBS. >V< CA.uww
REV. JOHN A. RYAN. D.D..

MORITZ J. LOEB. Sicr.ur,
FRANCES C LILLIE. Tretuu
WILLIAM Z. FOSTER.

Stt'f Dtltn4u>ft Cum.

LABOR DEFENSE COUNCIL

FRANK P. WALSH. Chief Coun.ol for th* Dof.nd.nU

For th. d.f.n.. of tho Michigan crlmln.l «yndU«U<t

^f^»i^KTOttJ?*^rv^^2^

To carry OB la connection with the lof al defense a carapalrn a«al»et
.11 Infrinr.m.nt upon the richt of in* spoock, froo pr... and frao4«a
W MMmblaco and all nMuurot rtstrictine tho right. o( tho vorkorc.

ROOM 434

80 EAST ELEVENTH STREET
New York City

Motional Secretary
WILLIAM Z. FOSTER

Telephone STUYVESANT 6616

April 6. 1923

Dear Friend:

The press has brought you information of the progress
of the trial of the first of the so-called Michigan cases
at St. Joseph. Every day it is becoming clearer that
the issue in this trial is the right of free speech and free
assemblage in America, as well as such due processes of
law, as constitute the just basis of any democratic society*
Mr. Frank P. Walsh, attorney for the defense, has stated
clearly that the provisions of the Criminal Syndicalist
Acts, under which Foster and his associates have been
brought to trial, violate the Constitution of the state
of Michigan and the Constitution of the United States.
Evidence for this contention is fast becoming abundant.

A group of men and women met together peacefully to
consider the business of their party organization, con-
templating no acts of violence and cherishing no intent
to promote or induce acts of violence, was itself treated
with utmost violence by the officers of the law. If ever
there was a trial involving persecution and tyranny, it
is this one. It cozes as the last echo of the disgrace-
ful mania of governmental terrorism, which was one of the
plagues of the war.

The defense of these men and women, now on trial,
is an expensive one. Large sums of money must be raised
to guarantee them Justice. This money can come only
from those who believe in the vindication of basic
democratic rights in this country. We appeal to you to
help us in this cause. Read the inclosed pamphlet giving
the story of the case and then send your contribution
in the inclosed envelope.

Sincerely yours.

&s<

BSfcAU 12646

MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO THE LABOR DEFENSE COUNCIL
Account* audited by Stuart Cheat. C.P A.

Facsimile of circular letter sent out by the Labor Defense Council soliciting funds for the defense of
Communists arrested at Bridgman, Mich. Signed by Freda Kirchwey, Norman Thomas, John Nevin
Sayre, Mary Heaton Vorse, Roger Baldwin, Rev. Percy Stickney Grant, Paxton Hibben, Rev. John Haynes
Holmes (see this "Who's Who" for their affiliations). The name of Father John A. Ryan of Washington
appears conspicuously along with that of Wm. Z. Foster, the Communist leader, as fellow National Officers.

Organizations, Etc.

183

funds for the defense of Communists
arrested in the Bridgman Raid (see) ;
received huge sums from Garland Fund;
became in 1925 the official Communist
legal defense society, changing its name to
International Labor Defense (see) ; a cir-
cular letter sent out April 6, 1923 (see
facsimile) bore the following heading:
"Labor Defense Council" — "For the
defense of the Michigan criminal syn-
dicalist defendants prosecuted at the
instance of the Federal Secret Service in
its drive against organized labor. To carry
on in connection with the legal defense a
campaign against all infringements upon
the right of free speech, free press, and
freedom of assemblage and all measures
restricting the rights of workers — Room
434, 80 East llth St., New York City-
Frank P. Walsh, Chief Counsel for the
Defendants— National Secretary, Wm. Z.
Foster" (one of the Communist leaders
arrested) "Telephone Stuyvesant 6616."
The letter read in part:

"Dear Friend: The press has brought
you information of the progress of the
trial of the so-called Michigan cases at St.
Joseph. Every day it becomes clearer that
the issue in this trial is the right of free
speech and free assemblage in America.
... A group of men and women met
together peacefully to consider the business
of their party organization contemplating
no acts of violence and cherishing no
intent to promote or induce acts of violence,
was itself treated with utmost violence by
the officers of the law." (Author's note:
This typical Red falsehood is daily refuted
by the Communists' own spoken and writ-
ten affirmations, for instance the following
in the Marx "Communist Manifesto":
"Communists disdain to conceal their
views and aims. They openly declare that
their ends can be attained only by the
forcible overthrow of all existing con-
ditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at
a Communist revolution" (p. 44).) This
letter, after soliciting funds, was signed
"Sincerely yours, Freda Kirchwey, Norman
Thomas, John Nevin Sayre, Mary Heaton
Vorse, Roger Baldwin, Percy Stickney
Grant, Paxton Hibben, John Haynes
Holmes." (Their own signatures.) Printed
on the side of the letterhead was:

"National Officers: Robert M. Buck, chairman;
Eugene V. Debs, vice chairman; Rev. John A.
Ryan, D.D., vice-chairman; Moritz J. Lieb,
secretary; Frances C. Lillie, treasurer; Wm. Z.
Foster, Sec. Defendants' Com.; Cooperating with
Committe of the Defendants: Earl R. Browder,
Chicago, Wm. F. Dunne, New York City, Wm.
Foster, Chicago, C. E. Ruthenberg, Cleveland."

National Committee: Roger N. Baldwin (A.C.
L.U.); Norman B. Barr (Chicago, Director
Olivet Institute); Dennis E. Batt (Proletarian
Party, Detroit); Robt. M. Buck (editor "New
Majority," Farmer-Labor Party) ; Eugene V.
Debs (revolutionary Socialist Party leader); Eliz.
Gurley Flynn (Workers Defense Union of N.Y.) ;
Moritz J. Loeb (Civil Liberties Union and Com-
munist Party); Eugene J. Brock (chmn. Pro-
gressive Voters' League of Michigan) ; John C.
Clay (Sec. Teamsters' Local Union 712, Chgo.);
Lenetta M. Cooper, Chgo.; John C. Flora, Chgo.;
John Haynes Holmes, N.Y.; Max S. Hayes,
Cleveland; Francis Fisher Kane, Phila.; Dr. John
A. Lapp, Director National Catholic Welfare
Council; John J. Taylor, Detroit; Hulet M.
Wells, Seattle; Geo. P. West, San Francisco. N.Y.
Local Committee: H. Berlin (Intl. Ladies Garm.
Wkrs. U.), Eliz. Gurley Flynn, Henry R. Lin-
ville, Nerma Berman (Nat. Defense Com.);
Brounstein ( Jt. Bd. Furriers' Union) ; Benj. Man-
del (Teachers Union), etc. Headquarters were
also at 166 W. Washington St., Chicago.

"One of the first things done by the
organization was the appointment of a
publicity department to flood the daily
newspapers of the country with propaganda
for the movement. 'Press Releases' were
issued and spread broadcast. Much of the
material thus furnished was printed in
reputable newspapers ignorant of the fact
that they were printing appeals for a move-
ment aimed at the overthrow of the
country." (Whitney's "Reds in America,"
p. 174.) The Reds completely won this
fight and the right apparently in Michigan
to openly advocate violent overthrow of
the U.S. Government when these cases
were dismissed and about $100,000 bond
money was returned in 1933 through the
aid of Patrick H. O'Brien, A.C.L.U. at-
torney, elected Atty. General of Michigan in
1932.

LABOUR PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN

A Marxian-Socialist Party ("Socialist
Network" by Nesta Webster). "The con-
version of the old pre-war Labour Party
devoted to the interests of Labour — into
the politically-run Socialist Party was
effected by the unceasing propaganda and
wire pulling of the Independent "Labour
Party, an organized group directed for
years by Messrs. MacDonald and Snow-
den." . . . "In the (Labour) Party's printed
campaign programme for the 1929 election
— which was called 'Labour and the
Nation' and put the Socialists in power —
there was a foreword by Mr. Ramsay
MacDonald saying 'The Labour Party,
unlike other parties, is not concerned with
patching the rents in a bad system, but
with transforming Capitalism into Social-
ism'. . . . Many of those Labour Party
members were Communists; but it has
always been the policy of the Party at

184

The Red Network

annual conferences to repudiate Commu-
nism in order to retain their black coat
followers, while working hand in glove
with individual Communists." ("The
Patriot" of London, Oct. 5, 1933.)

LABOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATION

A Communist subsidiary ; received money
from Garland Fund; organized by Com-
munist Robt. W. Dunn for linking organ-
ized labor to the Communist movement;
prepares pamphlets for Intl. Pamphlets;
collects material for use of Communist
speakers, organizers, etc.; Chicago Labor
Research is a branch; N.Y. hdqts. 80 E.
llth St., N.Y. City; issues five bulletins:
Steel and Metal Notes; Mining Notes;
Textile Notes; Economic Notes; NRA
Notes; is organizing (1933-34) groups in
principal cities and industrial centers.

LABOR SPORTS UNION
The official federation of hundreds of
Communist labor sports organizations
functioning all over the U.S.; American
section of the Red Sports International;
organ "The New Sport and Play," pub-
lished at 813 Broadway, New York City;
sponsored the Counter-Olympics Games
held at University of Chicago Stagg Field,
1932, in opposition to the "capitalistic"
Olympics held in Los Angeles.

LABOR TEMPLE (AND SCHOOL)

A settlement maintained by the Presby-
terian Church; a center and meeting place
for Communist unions and radical organ-
izations; features radical lectures, such as
the 1929 "New series of lectures by V. F.
Calverton" (the Communist) on Freud
and "The Sexual Motif as an Economic
Corollary in Contemporary Literature,"
etc., announced with an appended com-
mendation by Harry Elmer Barnes (vice
pres., Freethinkers (atheist) Society) ; the
1932 lectures for industrial workers and
"consultation and guidance in mental
hygiene with 5 lectures in this connection:
'Substitute for Religion,' 'Biology of Sex' ",
etc. The director is Edmund B. Chaff ee,
whose sympathies for Communism are
clearly shown by the following example:
Communist organizations commonly buy
space in each other's periodicals to send
"Greetings" as a "comradely" gesture and
a financial contribution. The March 18,
1932 issue of the viciously revolutionary
race-hate-inciting "Liberator," organ of
the communist Lg. of Struggle for Negro
Rights (see), carried nearly two pages of

such advertisements headed "Greetings to
the Liberator." Such communist organ-
izations as the Daily Worker, Icor, I.L.D.,
T.U.U.L., W.I.R., Workers' School, Coun-
cil of Working Class Women, and various
Communist Unions and Party Sections
contributed "Greetings," and among these
appeared the "Greeting" of "Labor
Temple, Edmund B. Chaff ee, Director, 242
East 14th St., New York City." Dr. G. F.
Beck is director of the School and radicals
Harry A. Overstreet, Will Durant, E. C.
Lindeman are its educational advisors. The
communist Labor Sports Union held its
6th annual convention at the Labor
Temple, Dec. 23, 24, 25, 1933.

LABOR UNITY

Official monthly organ of the commu-
nist Trade Union Unity League (T.U.
U.L.), American section of the Red Inter-
national of Trade Unions, Wm. Z. Foster,
nat. sec.; editor, N. Honig; mgr., S. H.
Krieger; 2 W. 15th St., New York City.

LANE PAMPHLET

A pamphlet by Socialist Winthrop D.
Lane entitled "Military Training in
Schools and Colleges of the United States";
$5,400 was paid to the Committee on
Militarism in Education for its "prepar-
ation and distribution" by the red Garland
Fund in 1926; it opposes military training
for the defense of the U.S. government as
does all Red pacifist literature; heading the
list of signers endorsing it was Jane
Addams; other endorsers were:

Will W. Alexander, Leslie Blanchard, Wm. E.
Borah, Benjamin Brewster, John Brophy, Carrie
Chapman Catt, Samuel Cavert, Francis E. Clarke,
George A. Coe, Henry Sloane Coffin, Albert F.
Coyle, John Dewey, Paul H. Douglas, W. E. B.
Du Bois, Sherwood Eddy, Charles A. Ellwood,
Zona Gale, Charles W. Gilkey, Thomas Q.
Harrison, Harold A. Hatch, Stanley High, George
Huddleston, Hannah Clothier Hull, James Weldon
Johnson, Rufus M. Jones, Paul U. Kellogg, Wm.
H. Kilpatrick, Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Hal-
ford E. Luccock, Frederick Lynch, Henry N.
MacCracken, Irving Maurer, James H. Maurer,
Francis J. McConnell, Orie O. Miller, Charles
Clayton Morrison, Samuel K. Mosiman, John M.
Nelson, George W. Norris, Edward L. Parsons,
Kirby Page, George Foster Peabody, David R.
Porter, Francis B. Sayre, John Nevin Sayre, J.
Henry Scattergood, Joseph Schlossberg, Charles M.
Sheldon, Henrik Shipstead, Abba Hillel Silver,
John F. Sinclair, William E. Sweet, Wilbur K.
Thomas, Henry P. Van Dusen, Oswald G. Villard,
Stephen S. Wise, Mary E Woolley.

LAUNDRY WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION

Communist T.U.U.L. Union; Max Bur-
land, sec.

Organizations, Etc.

185

LEAGUE AGAINST FASCISM
American section of the "Matteotti
Fund," an international anti-Fascist group;
formed 1933 by the National Executive
Committee of the Socialist Party on direct
request from German Socialist Party and
Labor and Socialist International; purpose
is "raising a large fund to help finance
German Socialist activities against Hitler-
ism, and secondly, to carry on vigorous
anti-Fascist propaganda in the United
States."

The nat. chmn. is Daniel W. Hoan, Mayor of
Milwaukee; treas., Morris Hillquit; exec, sec.,
Edw. Levinson; National Committee members:
Devere Allen, Jos. Baskin, Fannia Cohn, Jerome
Davis, Julius Gerber, Daniel W. Hoan, Leo Krzy-
cki, Root. Morss Lovett, Kirby Page, Jos. Schloss-
berg, John Sloan, Oswald Garrison Villard, Prof.
Franz Boas, Harriet Stanton Blatch, Abraham
Cahan, John Dewey. Morris Hillquit, Darlington
Hoopes, E. C. Lindeman, Jasper McLevy, John
C. Packard, Cong. F. H. Shoemaker, Norman
Thomas, Lilith M. Wilson, Max Zaritsky, Edw.
L. Israel, Albert S. Coolidge, David Dubinsky,
Dorothy Detzer, Powers Hapgood, Paul Blans-
hard, Algernon Lee, James H. Maurer, Emil Rieve,
Clarence Senior, B. C. Vladeck. Louis Waldman.
Hdqts. 112 E. 19th St., N.Y. 6ty.

LEAGUE FOR AMNESTY OF
POLITICAL PRISONERS

See also Anarchist- Communism; "New
York anarchist organization" (Lusk Re-
port); formed in 1917, after anarchists
Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman
were arrested, "To obtain the release of
all political offenders"; this organization
first popularized the title "political prison-
ers" now generally given by Reds to revo-
lutionaries who are jailed for seditious
activities; M. Eleanor Fitzgerald, said to
have been one of Berkman's "loves," was
sec. at that time.

The legal advisory board consisted of Isaac A.
Hourwich (head of the statistical dept. of the
Russian Soviet Bureau), Jessie Ashley, Theo.
Schroeder.Harry Weinberger (counsel for Emma
Goldman and Berkman) and Bolton Hall; gen.
com.: Leonard D. Abbott, Lillian Brown-Olf, Dr.
Frederick A. Blossom, Lucy Robins, Helen Keller.
Eliz. Freeman. Prince Hopkins, Margaret Sanger,
Rose Baron, Robt. Minor, Anna M. Sloan, Stella
Comyn, Lincoln Steffens, Alexander Cohen, Roger
N. Baldwin and Rose Strunsky. Offices were at
857 Broadway, N.Y. City.

LEAGUE FOR INDEPENDENT

POLITICAL ACTION
L.IP.A.

Socialist in officership and platform.
Advocates: socialistic public ownership;
"free speech for minority groups" (radicals
call revolutionaries "minority groups") ;
repeal of the syndicalist and espionage
laws (against sedition) ; Negro social
equality; revision of the Constitution (!);

complete disarmament for America and
abolition of military training; that we
"safeguard conscientious objectors" and
admit aliens without any pledge of alle-
giance to serve the U.S. Govt. in time of
war; urged recognition of the bloody,
militaristic Soviet Government, which is
frankly bent on attaining Socialist world
power through causing world revolution.
It opposes deportation or exclusion of
alien "Reds" (American Labor Year
Book). Howard Y. Williams, exec, sec.;
John Dewey, chmn.; Paul H. Douglas and
Anna Clothier Hull, vice chairmen; Oswald
Garrison Villard, treas.; The Federated
Press (Communists'), Sept. 7, 1929, release
on the formation of the League named
John Dewey as chmn., James Maurer,
Zona Gale, Paul Douglas and W. E. B.
DuBois as vice chmn. and Devere Allen,
editor of "World Tomorrow," as chmn. of
the exec. com. Kirby Page is supposed to
have "inspired" its organization. Hdqts.
52 Vanderbilt Ave., N.Y. City. See Conf.
for Prog. Pol. Action, its new line up.

LEAGUE FOR INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY

Militant Socialist; headed by Robt.
Morss Lovett, active in Communist organ-
izations; founded by the revolutionary
Jack London in 1905 as the Intercollegiate
Socialist Society; changed its name in 1921,
after Socialism acquired a bad odor owing
to the jailing of many Socialists during the
war for seditious activities; heavily sub-
sidized by Garland Fund; spreads Social-
ist-Communist propaganda and literature
in colleges; operates chapters of its Inter-
collegiate Student Council in about 140
colleges, many under the guise of "Student
Councils," "Social Problems," "Radical" or
"Socialist" Clubs, etc.; in 1933 it claimed:
"Last year the speakers corps of the L.I.D.
reached almost every state in the union and
spoke to some 175,000 people. Norman
Thomas, Harry Laidler, Paul Blanshard,
Paul Porter and Karl Borders reached
about 60,000 students in 160 colleges and
universities in 40 states. Likewise they
spoke to about 100,000 people in non-
college meetings. In addition to these
speeches there were innumerable general
meetings, political meetings, and radio
broadcastings at which L. I. D. speakers
appeared"; very closely interlocked by
officership with the A.C.L.U.; prepares and
widely distributes thousands of Commu-
nist and Socialist leaflets, and pamphlets;
publishes four publications: "Disarm,"
"Unemployed," "Revolt" (now "Student

186

The Red Network

Outlook"), and "L.I.D."; issues a news
service and fortnightly Norman Thomas
editorial service to some 250 leading
papers throughout the United States; has
a national board of directors from twenty-
three States composed mostly of leaders
of over 300 other interlocked organizations ;
conducts student conferences on red revo-
lutionary subjects; drills students in rad-
icalism each summer at Camp Tamiment,
Pa.; formed the Federation of Unemployed
Workers Leagues of America all over the
U.S., under joint Communist, Socialist,
I.W.W., and Proletarian Party (Commu-
nist) control; sponsors the Emergency
Committee for Strikers' Relief (see), which
aids Communist-Socialist strikes; agitates:
for government ownership (and against
individual ownership) of all banking,
transportation, insurance, communication,
mining, agricultural and manufacturing
enterprises, forests, and oil reserves; for
socialization of land and other property,
and for social, unemployment, sickness,
old-age, and other State doles to the public ;
its slogan is "education towards a new
social order based on production for use
and not for profit" (of the individual),
which is of course the Socialist-Communist
tenet; joins the Communists in advocating
disarmament of the so-called "capitalist
state" and the arming of the proletarian
state and endeavors to convince students
and workers that this will bring about
"prevention of war," claiming the "capital-
ists" use the armed forces to fight for
markets, etc. — not mentioning how the
Socialists use armed forces to rule the
workers after the system they advocate
has made them paupers and slaves (as in
Russia) ; it calls on youth to "help put
the War Department out of colleges by
stamping out the R.O.T.C." and claims it
enlisted 10,000 students in 1931, in 150
colleges, who signed petitions against mili-
tary training (however, J. B. Matthews,
prominent in Communist meetings and an
editor of its "Student Outlook," says he "is
not opposed to a war that will end cap-
italism") ; it boasts that "student mem-
bers of the L.I.D. have been in the thick
of the miners' struggles in Harlan County,
Ky., and in West Virginia" and in picketing
and making "investigations of labor con-
ditions," helping organization work of
unions, and other radical agitation; it
states of its literature: "These publications
are widely used by college classes and
labor, church and Y.M.CA. and Y.W.CA.
groups."
Many of these pamphlets were paid for

by the red Garland Fund. Pamphlets issued
in 1929 dealing with such subjects as Pub-
lic Ownership, Challenge of War, Dollars
and World Peace, Dollar Diplomacy, Im-
perialism, Socialism, Communism, Chris-
tianity and the Social Crisis, Roads to
Freedom, The State of Revolution, Soviet
Russia, The Profit Motive, Economic
Revolution, and Capitalist Control of the
Press, were prepared by such radicals as
Norman Thomas, Kirby Page, Scott Near-
ing (Communist) Bertrand Russell, Nor-
man Angell, Harry Elmer Barnes, Morris
Hillquit, Lewisohn, Stuart Chase, Harry

F. Ward, Harry W. Laidler, Lenin (Com-
munist), Robt. Dunn (Communist), Rex.

G. Tugwell, Upton Sinclair, Prof. John
Dewey, Jett Lauck (employed by Garland
Fund), John Fitch, Prof. J. E. Kirkpatrick,
Paul Blanshard, etc. (nearly all of whom
are listed in this "Who's Who").

Of these pamphlets, "Roads to Freedom"
by Harry Laidler (a "Syllabus for Dis-
cussion Groups") is possibly the most
revolutionary of all. It urges these groups
to use: The "Communist Manifesto" by
Marx, "Socialism Utopian and Scientific"
by Engels (Marx' collaborator), "State and
Revolution" and "Soviets at Work" by
Communist Lenin, "Dictatorship vs. Democ-
racy," "State Capitalism in Russia," "Rus-
sia After Ten Years," and "New Worlds
for Old" by Communist Trotsky. In
"Roads to Freedom," Laidler takes up the
study beginning with a section on "The
Need for Change," then "The Socialist
Society," "Utopian and Scientific Social-
ism," "Guild Socialism," "Cooperative
Democracy," and "Single Tax."

The subject of the 1931 student con-
ference (for the West) held at the Uni-
versity of Chicago was: "The Students in
World Revolution." The Dec. 1931
national conference held at Union Theo-
logical Seminary, New York City, was
entitled "Guiding the Revolution" and
topics discussed were: "America in a State
of Revolution," by Norman Thomas and
Harry Laidler; "College Students in a
Changing World," by Arnold Johnson (of
the Union Theological Seminary, an A.C.
L.U. representative jailed in Harlan, Ky.
for criminal syndicalism), and a representa-
tive of the communist John Reed Club ;
"What Tactics Should Students Use" by
Norman Thomas (who in 1933 was one of
the "militant" Socialist Party executive
committee members voting for immediate
cooperation with the Communist Party —
see Socialist Party). A "Forum of the
Revolution" was held at Barnard College

Organizations, Etc.

187

with Norman Thomas and others discus-
sing plans for the supposedly inevitable
revolution, and such topics as Birth Con-
trol. The students were asked to live like
Communists in preparation for the general
upheaval to come.

The first page of the L.I.D. "Student
Outlook" for Feb. 1933 is headed "Wanted:
Students With Guts" and says in part: "it
is questionable whether the student who
hasn't guts enough to get out on his col-
lege campus and hawk the Student Out-
look will overcome his delicate scruples if
the time comes to face tear gas and machine
guns. The same sort of well-bred doubts
and inertia that afflict one when saddled
with the responsibility of escorting a
petition or putting up posters will arise
more urgently and subtly if the time should
come to refuse to go to war or to picket
the Chicago Tribune. . . . // you have
enlisted under the banners of Socialism
you've got to carry the job through"
A special announcement on this page states:
"With this issue 'Revolt' becomes the
'Student Outlook.' Students felt it was
more important to sell our magazine and
convince by its contents than to shout
'revolution' and have no one listen. Per-
sons ivho give us more than a glance will
not mistake our colors."

In a letter published in the Nation, Feb.
3, 1932, Paul Porter, L.I.D. organizer,
valiantly defended the L.I.D. from the
charge by a Nation correspondent (Mr.
Allen) that the L.I.D. conference "Guid-
ing the Revolution" was an "example of
liberal futility" and retorts: "Had Mr.
Allen attended the conference or secured
a published report of the proceedings . . .
he wculd have discovered (1) that the con-
ference was not a talk-fest of liberals and
(2) that the student participants were not
wholly innocent of experience in the class
struggle," and, after bragging about Arnold
Johnson's "five weeks' jail residence" and
other student activities "in the course of
which more than one has been beaten by
thugs" he says: "Unless Mr. Allen expects
a revolution to be suddenly produced as a
magician might whisk a rabbit from a silk
topper, he will recognize the necessity for
these humble beginnings. They are tasks
in which even college students and college
graduates and readers of the Nation may
share. Paul Porter."

National Office: 112 East 19th St., New
York City; Chicago Office: 20 West Jack-
son Blvd. 1932 Officers:

Pres. Robert Morss Lovett; vice-presidents:
John Dewey, John Haynes Holmes, Vladimir Kara-

petoff, Florence Kelley, James H. Maurer, Alex-
ander Meiklejohn, Mary R. Sanford, Vida D.
Scudder, Helen Phelps Stokes; treas., Stuart
Chase; exec, directors: Harry W. Laidler, Nor-
man Thomas; field sec., Paul Porter; special lec-
turer, Paul Blanshard; exec, sec., Mary Fox;
Sec. Chgo. Office, Karl Borders; B9ard of Direc-
tors: Forrest Bailey, Andrew Biemiller, Paul
Blanshard, Leroy E. Bowman, McAllister Cole-
man, H. W. L. Dana, Elizabeth Dublin, Abraham
Epstein, Frederick V. Field, Elizabeth Oilman,
Hubert C. Herring, Jesse H. Holmes, Jessie Wal-
lace Hughan, Nicholas Kelley, Broadus Mitchell,
Reinhold Niebuhr, William Pickens, David Saposs,
B. C. Vladeck, Bertha Poole Weyl, Howard Y.
Williams. National Council: California — Ethelwyn
Mills, Upton Sinclair; Coloradoy-Powers Hapgood;
Connecticut — Jerome Davis; Dist. of Columbia —
Mercer G. Johnston; Georgia — Mary Raoul
Millis; Illinois — Catherine L. Bacon, Gilbert S.
Cox, Paul H. Douglas, Paul Hutchinson, Harold
Lasswell, Clarence Senior, James M. Yard;
Indiana — William P. Hapgood; Iowa — Minnie E.
Allen, Laetitia Moon Conrad; Kansas — John Ise;
Maryland — Edward L. Israel; Massachusetts—?
Emma S. Dakin, Elizabeth G. Evans, Alfred Bakei
Lewis, George E. Roewer; Michigan — A. M.
Todd; Minnesota — Sarah T. Colvin; Missouri —
Joseph Myers; New Hampshire — James Mackaye;
New Jersey — James W. Alexander; New York —
Harriot Stanton Blatch, William E. Bohn, Louis
B. Boudin, Paul F. Brissenden, Morris Ernst,
Louise A. Floyd, Morris Hillquit, Frederic C.
Howe, Darwin J. Meserole, William P. Montague,
A. J. Muste, J. S. Potofsky, George D. Pratt, Jr.,
Evelyn Preston, H. S. Raushenbush, Nellie M.
Seeds, George Soule, N. I. Stone, Caro Lloyd Stro-
bell, David Rhys Williams, Helen Sumner Wood-
bury; North Carolina — Mary O. Cowper; Ohio —
Isaac E. Ash, Alice P. Gannett, Paul Jones, Phil
Ziegler; Pennsylvania — Emily F. Dawson, May-
nard C. Krueger, Simon Libros, Agnes L. Tierney;
South Carolina— Josiah Morse; South Dakota-
Daniel J. Gage; Utah— James H. Wolfe; Wisconsin
— Percy M. Dawson.

CHICAGO CHAPTER L.I.D.

Sponsors Chicago Emergency Committee
for Strikers Relief, Chicago Workers Com-
mittee on Unemployment, etc. Chapter
Officers:

President, Paul Hutchinson; vice-presidents:
Lillian Herstein, Curtis Reese; rec. sec., Ethel Wat-
son; treas., Frank McCulloch; exec, sec., Karl Bor-
ders; Executive Committee: Chapter Officers and
Catherine Lillie Bacon, Aaron Director, Paul
Douglas, Charles W. Gilkey, Meyer Halushka,
Florence Jennison, John Lapp, Harold D. Lass-
well, Hilda Lawrence, Sam Levin, U. M. McGuire.
Fred Moore, Clarence Senior, Sarah B. Schaar,
Ernest Fremont Tittle, Edward Winston, James
Yard.

LEAGUE FOR MUTUAL AID

Designated by the Garland Fund, which
aided it financially, as a "social service for
radicals"; hdqts. N.Y. City.

LEAGUE FOR THE ORGANIZATION

OF PROGRESS

A radical internationalist organization
with hdqts. at Yellow Springs, Ohio, which
is the seat of Antioch College. To quote
the communistic Federated Press Labor's
News of Jan. 17, 1931: "Pointing out that

188

The Red Network

our national income is being cut at least
$300,000,000 a month in wages alone as
the result of unemployment, Max Senior
in a political letter of the League for the
Organization of Progress suggests the use
of this sum in a revolving credit fund to
Soviet Russia, to be used in purchasing
American goods. . . . Senior believes that
the establishment of the loan fund would
relieve the tension now prevailing in Russia
due to the constant necessity of meeting
credit obligations and thus enable her 'to
market her surplus in a more orderly
fashion' "... etc. In a pamphlet entitled
Notes of the League for the Organization
of Progress, it states: "The following men
of high distinction have agreed to serve
on the Board:

"Devere Allen, editor, 'The World Tomorrow';
Seba Eldrige, University of Kansas; Irving Fisher,
Yale University; William Floyd, editor, 'The
Arbitrator'; Arthur N. Holcombe, head of the
department of government, Harvard University;
John Haynes Holmes, minister, Community
Church, New York; Paul U. Kellogg, editor, 'The
Survey'; Harry Laidler, executive director, League
for Industrial Democracy; Daniel L. Marsh,
president, Boston University; Arthur E. Morgan,
president, Antioch College; Robert Morss Lovett,
University of Chicago, editor, 'The New
Republic'; Philip C. Nash, director, League of

G. Bromley Oxnam, president, De Pauw Uni-
versity; P. B. Potter, University of Wisconsin;
John H. Randall, president, World Unity Foun-
dation; N. B. Reuter, University of Iowa; James
Shotwell, Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace; Edwin R. A. Seligman, Columbia Uni-
versity; E. A. Ross, University of Wisconsin;
Charles F. Thwing, President Emeritus, Western
Reserve University; Joseph P. Chamberlain,
Columbia University; Quincy Wright, University
of Chicago."

"Virtually every member listed as serving
on the Board of the League has a con-
siderable record of close affiliation and sup-
port of socialistic, communistic, inter-
national pacifist, pro-soviet activities."
(Am. Vigilant Intelligence Fed. Report.)

LEAGUE OF NEIGHBORS
See Fellowship of Faiths.

LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE

FOR NEGRO RIGHTS
Official Communist Negro subsidiary
organization; organized originally in Chi-
cago, Oct. 1925, as the American Negro
Congress; changed name to its present one
at St. Louis Congress, Nov. 16, 1930; offi-
cial organ is the Weekly "Liberator,"
recently re-named "Harlem Liberator,"
which agitates race hatred and tries to
make Negroes believe that the Communists
are their only friends and that they must

unite with tthe Communists "against the
common enemy." For example, the Mar.
18, 1932, issue printed a huge caption "I
Ain't Sayin' Sir to Any More White Men"
over "A Story of Camp Hill," also much
revolutionary agitation and lurid horror
pictures of "abused" Negroes, and a poem
entitled "Stop Foolin' Wit' Pray," which
says in part:

"Your head 'tain no apple

For danglin' f'om a tree;

Your body no carcass

For barbecuin' on a spree.
"Stand on your feet,

Club gripped 'tween your hands;

Spill their blood too,

Show 'em yours is a man's."

Officers and Nat. Coun. elected at
national convention held in Harlem, New
York, Oct. 29, 1933 are:

Pres., Langston Hughes; Vice Presidents:
James W. Ford, Mrs. Jessica Henderson, Wm. L.
Patterson, Robert Minor, Benjamin Davis, Jr
Hose Hart; Gen. Sec., Richard B. Moore; Asst.
Sec., Herman MacKawain; Finan. Sec., Esther
Anderson; Record. Sec., Bernice Da Costa; Treas.,
Dr. Reuben S. Young; Dir. of Education and
Culture, Louise Thompson; Dir. Defense Activities,
Harold Williams; Dir. Bureau Intl. Relations,
Chas. Alexander; Dir. Young People's Activities,
Leonard Patterson; Dir. Activities Among Women,
Williana Burroughs; Liberator Staff: Eugene
Gordon, Maude White; Dir. Research, Tom Trues-
dale; Steve Kingston, Henry Shepard, Harry Hay-
wood, Dr. Arnold Donawa, Rabbi Ben Goldstein,
James Moore, Mrs. Mary Craik Speed, Bonita
Williams, Hanou Chan, James Allen, Cyril Briggs,
Wm. Fitzgerald, George Maddox.

National Council, New York: Eleanor Hender-
son, Agricult. Wkrs. Union; Jos. Brodsky, I.W.O.;
Clarence Hathaway, Daily Worker; Myra Page,
Writer; Wm. Z. Foster, T.U.U.L.; Robt. W.
Dunn, Labor Research Assn.; Irving Potash,
Needle Trades Wkrs. Indust. Un.; Henry Shepard,
T.U.U.L. Coun., N.Y.; Louis Weinstock, A.F. of
L.; Jos. Moore, Mechanic's Assn. of Harlem; B. D.
Amis, Communist Party; Israel Amter, nat. com.
Unemployed Councils; Peter Uffre, Tobacco
Wkrs. of Harlem; Wm. F. Dunne, T.U.U.L.;
Gladys Stoner, N.S.L. Com. on Negro Student
Problems; Ben Goldstein, Nat. Com. Def. Pol.
Pris.; Earl Browder, Communist Party; Ruth
Ruben, N.S.L. ; Samuel Patterson, Caribbean
Union; Steve Kingston, Lg. Struggle Negro
Rights; Harry Haywood, Communist Party; Bill
Lawrence, I.L.D.; Leonard Patterson, Young
Communist Lg.; Louis Coleman, I.L.D.; J. Adler,
I.W.O.; James Toney, Lg. Struggle Negro Rights;
Gil Green, Young Communist Lg.; Wm. Burdell,
Lg. Struggle Negro Rights.

Southern Sectton: Al. Murphy, Alabama Share-
croppers Un.; Mrs. Mary Craik Speed, Mont-
gomery, Ala.; Rev. J. A. Morten, Angelo Herndon
Defense, Ala.; Jane Speed, I.L.D., Birmingham,
Ala.; Mrs. Ada Wright and Mrs. Jamie Patter-
son, Scottsboro Mothers of Chattanooga, Tenn.;
Atty. Peirson, Durham, N.C.; Anna Williams,
Communist Party, Charlotte, N.C.; Bernard Ades,
I.L.D., Baltimore, Md.; Gough McDaniels, High
School Teacher, Baltimore, Md.; Robt. Hall, Nat.
Farmers Com. Action, Wash., D.C.; Macey, New
Orleans R.R. Worker- Manny Jackson, Long-
shoreman, Savannah, Ga.

Organizations, Etc.

189

Chicago: Herbert Newton, Communist Party;
Claude Lightfoot, Lg. Struggle Negro Rights.

Pennsylvania: Dr. Patterson, Pitts, physician;
Tom Myerscough, Nat. Miners Un., Pitts.; Henry
Wickman, Marine Wkrs. Indust. Un., Phila.; Ben
Carruthers, Communist Party, Pitts.

Detroit: Joe Billups, Lg. Struggle Negro

Minnesota: Alfred Tiala, nat. sec. United
Farmers Lg., Mpls.

New England: Mrs. Cravath Simpson, Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs, Boston; Ann Burlak
(Communist organizer).

California: Tom Mooney, San Quentin Peniten-
tiary Cal.; Lauren Miller, Journalist, Los Angeles,
Cal.; Matt Crawford, San Francisco Nat. Scotts-
boro Com. Action.

Buffalo, N.Y.: Manning Johnson, Communist
Party.

Missouri: A. W. Berry, Communist Party,
Kansas City, Mo.; Carrie Smith, Nut Pickers
Union, St. Louis, Mo.

Cleveland, 0.: Arthur Murphy, Steel and Metal
Wkrs. Indust. Un.

Hdqts. SO E. 13th St., New York City.

LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS
An organization formed by Carrie Chap-
man Catt, a co-worker with Jane Addams,
to educate women to take part in political
life. It serves a good purpose and is fair
enough in presenting various sides of pub-
lic questions to render the great majority
of its innocent and non-radical members
unaware that they are also fed radical
propaganda in regular doses. It campaigned
for the League of Nations, circulated the
W.I.L.P.F. (Jane Addams') petition for
total disarmament of the U.S. 1931, etc.;
features many radical speakers. (See under
W.I.LP.F.)

LEAGUE OF WORKERS THEATRES
A league of Communist theatre groups;
an American section of Moscow's Inter-
national Union of the Revolutionary
Theatre; formed April 16, 1932 (at Man-
hattan Lyceum, N.Y. City) ; official organ
is "Workers Theatre," now called "New
Theatre" ; includes groups such as the Chi-
cago Workers Theatre (see), Workers
Laboratory Theatre, John Reed Club dra-
matic groups, German Prolet Buehne of
Milwaukee, Nature Friends Dram. Group
of Syracuse, Workers Experimental Theatre
of St. Louis, Dramatic Council of Detroit,
Harlem Progressive Youth Club Dram.
Section, N.Y., and innumerable others.

It was formed, according to the report
of its conference in the May, 1932 "Work-
ers Theatre": "to spread the idea of the
class struggle by raising funds for cam-
paigns and for the revolutionary press and
by recruiting workers into the revolution-
ary unions and mass organizations and
especially to arouse workers for the defense
of the Soviet Union against the coming

imperialist attack. . . . Every worker's
theatre group must realize that its existence
is closely tied up with that of the entire
revolutionary movement — that its aims
are the same — that its slogans are the
same. ... It must win workers and farmers
including those in the armed forces for the
tactic of turning the coming imperialist
war against the Soviet Union into a civil
war against the imperialists." Greetings
from the following groups were received
at this conference:

International Bureau Theatrical Club, Moscow;
Moscow Blue Blouse Theatre; Secretariat Inter-
national Workers Dramatic Union; Workers Cul-
tural Council of W.I.R. of Seattle, Wash.; Rebel
Players, Los Angeles, Cal.; Writers Group of John
Reed Club, N.Y. City; Workers International
Relief ( W.I.R.) .

Its Eastern Regional conference was held
Aug. 5-6, 1933 at the Nature Friends Camp
at Midvale, N.J. Hdqts. 42 E. 12th St.,
N.Y. City.

(THE) LETTERS OF SACCO
AND VANZETTI

A book published to help along the Com-
munist agitation in favor tof the two
Anarchist-Communist murderers, who died
yelling "Long Live Anarchy 1" The book
cover states: "This volume sponsored by
the following International Committee:

"Benedetto Groce, John Dewey, Theodore Dreis-
er, Maxim Gorki, Horace M. Kallen, Sinclair Lewis,
Romain Rolland, Bertrand Russell, H. G. Wells,
Stefan Zweig."

LIBERATOR

A revolutionary paper formerly pub-
lished at 34 Union Square, N.Y. City;
founded before the Communist Party was
formed in the U.S. (1919) ; second class
mailing privileges were withheld by U.S.
Postoffice Dept.; some of its Red edi-
torials are reprinted in Lusk Report.

Editors were Max Eastman, Crystal Eastman
and Floyd Dell; bus. mgr., Margaret Lane; con-
trib. eds. : Cornelia Barns, Howard Brubaker,
Eugene V. Debs, Hugo Gellert, Arturo Giovan-
nitti (of II Nuovo Mondo Com.), Chas. T. Halli-
nan, Helen Keller, Robt. Minor, Boardman Robin-
son, Maurice Stern, Alexander Trachtenberg, Louis
Untermyer, Clyde Weed and Art Young.

(Note the present day active Commu-
nists.) In 1920 it had a circulation of
50,000 and was supported by stockholders
(who are listed in Lusk Report) ; reed.
$500 from Garland Fund in 1923 (Com-
munist Party-owned at that time.)

More recently the "Liberator" has been
the name of the Negro Communist paper,
official organ of the League of Struggle for
Negro Rights (see).

190

The Red Network

LUMBER WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION
A Communist T.U.U.L. union.

MANUMIT SCHOOL
A Socialist School for "children of trade
union workers" at Pawling, N.Y. con-
ducted by Nellie Seeds Nearing, wife of
Scott Nearing, the Communist leader; reed,
about $15,000 from Garland Fund.

MARINE TRANSPORT WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION

I.W.W. union.

MARINE WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION
A communist T.U.U.L. union ; the Amer-
ican section of the communist Intl. of Sea-
men and Harbor Workers; has been creat-
ing considerable trouble among the crews
of American ships; official organ "Marine
Workers Voice"; maintains Union hdqts.
at: 140 Broad St., N.Y. City; 312 S.
Second St., Phila.; 1629 Thames St.,
Baltimore; 7211 "L" Avenue, Houston;
239 Decatur St., New Orleans; 614 First
St., Seattle; 191^ 3rd St., Portland, Ore.;
3064 E. 92nd St., South Chicago, 111. Head
is Roy Hudson, 61 Whitehall St., N.Y.
City ; formerly called Marine Wkrs. League.

MARY WARE DENNETT
DEFENSE COMMITTTEE
M.W.D. Def. Com.

Mary Ware Dennett, a radical whose
activities were exposed in the Lusk Report,
wrote a sex pamphlet, "The Sex Side of
Life," of such a nature that she was con-
victed of, and fined $300 for publishing
obscene matter. A group of radicals
leaped to her defense and, in 1930, formed
this committee, carried her case to the
Appellate Court, and a reversal was finally
won. After this the pamphlet, "The Sex
Side of Life," was flaunted more than ever.
The Federal Council of Churches' Sex
Pamphlet (see) lists it as "indispensable."
The 4A recommends it in its 1930 Report
among "Anti-Religious Books" sold by
the 4A.

Committee chmn., John Dewey; vice chmn.:
Henry Sloane Coffin, Kath. Bement Davis, Abel J.
Gregg; treas., Corliss Lamont; sec., Forrest Bailey.
Among committee members: Alice Stone Black-
well, Edwin M. Borchardt, Sophonisba P. Brecken-
ridge, Paul H. Douglas, Sherwood Eddy, Fannie
Hurst, Lewis Mumford, James Rorty, Jessie Taft,
Miriam Van Waters, Goodwin Watson, Stephen
S. Wise.

MASSES

Communist magazine; changed name in
1926 to New Masses (see).

MECHANICAL DENTISTS

INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union.

MEDICAL WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union.

MESSENGER
(Organ of Brotherhood of Sleeping

Car Porters)

A radical publication for Negroes "look-
ing toward their conversion to revolution-
ary radicalism. ... It is committed to the
principles of the Soviet government of
Russia and to the proposition of organiz-
ing negroes for the class struggle. ... A
Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen,"
editors, have been "instructors in the Rand
School" (Lusk Report). It received money
from the Garland Fund; is now the official
organ of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters, which was Communist-penetrated
and also received $11,200, $4,000, $2,724.56,
etc., from Garland Fund, and is now under
Socialist control.

METAL WORKERS
INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. union; John Mel-
don, 611 Penn. Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.; 35
East 19th St., N.Y. City., etc.

METHODIST FEDERATION

FOR SOCIAL SERVICE
A radical social service organization co-
operating with Socialist and Communist
organizations; operates in the Methodist
Church and disseminates its influence
through the Federal Council, Y.M.C.A. and
other church groups; has solicited funds
for the Moscow-directed communist Inter-
national Labor Defense in its Social Service
Bulletins, and stated in the 1932 Bulletin
No. 8: "The Federation has continued to
cooperate with boards and agencies within
our own church and with many groups
outside the church working definitely for
a new social order. Among these may be
mentioned several departments of the Fed-
eral Council of Churches, the American
Civil Liberties Union, the League for
Industrial Democracy, Labor Research
Assn., International Labor Defense, Com-
mittee on Militarism in Education, . . ,
We simply cannot be respectable." This

Organizations, Etc.

191

was signed by Bishop Francis J. McCon-
nell, pres., and Harry F. Ward, sec. (The
Labor Research Assn. and I.L.D. are Com-
munist organizations and the others, except
the Federal Council of Churches, are red
Garland Fund proteges). Winifred Chap-
pell, co-editor and co-secretary with Ward,
served on a Communist Party campaign
committee and signed the manifesto endors-
ing the Communist platform, principles
and revolutionary program in 1932 (see
Communist P. G. for F. & F.). Harry
Ward, who returned in 1932 from a year
spent in Soviet Russia is the A.C.L.U. nat.
chmn. and a former Garland Fund director.
Bishop McConnell aided the Socialist 1932
campaign. G. Bromley Oxnam and E. F.
Tittle (exec. sec. and chmn. of the nat.
com. respectively) also have lively records
for radicalism.

To quote from Bulletin No. 8, April
IS, 1928: "Through the courtesy of the
Federated Press" (Communists') "our mem-
bers may receive the 'Labor Letter,' a
weekly summary of labor news for $1.00,
half of the regular price. An increasing
number are availing themselves of this
offer, thereby increasing their equipment
for the basic task . . . the basic task — the
securing of a Christian Social Order. . . .
To this end every whit of our work is
consciously and deliberately directed. . . .
The Bulletin is used in many classrooms
and as a source material for sermons,
forum discussions, theses, etc. A few of
the topics discussed during the quadren-
nium have been 'The Spy in Government
and Industry'; 'Missions and Our Chinese
Diplomacy' (data for several issues . . .
were sent by the senior secretary while
he was lecturing in the Orient; first hand
material on China was also available to
him in his capacity of chairman of the
American Committee for Justice to
China)." (Note: See Harry F. Ward and
Hands Off Committees) ; " 'Is Justice
Breaking Down in the United States' (deal-
ing with the Sacco-Vanzetti and Mooney
and Billings cases. This issue was speed-
ily exhausted) ; 'The New Red Hunt' (our
close cooperation with the American Civil
Liberties Union brings much first hand
material in this field not otherwise easily
available to our readers) ; 'The Present
Coal Strike' (a second edition of this was
ordered by the Emergency Committee for
Miners' Relief). ... As often as our treas-
ury permits, we send some big pamphlet
on a vital theme to our members. Laid-
ler's 'Public Ownership' and Ward's 'Profit
Motive' and a reprint of his address on

'Repression of Civil Liberties in the United
States' . . . have been sent during this
quadrennium as well as some leaflets and
reprints. All members have received also
the book 'An American Pilgrimage,' por-
tions of the letters of Grace Scribner, sel-
ected and arranged by Winifred L. Chap-
pell, foreword by Harry F. Ward. . . .
Incidentally the Vanguard Press which,
published this book in its 50c series has
sold over 600 copies. . . . W. L. Chappell
spends a month at Epworth League and
Y.W. teaching in summer and does occa-
sional teaching and speaking during the
winter, especially at Epworth League win-
ter institutes and young people's groups.
. . . Part of our regular work is the recom-
mendation of speakers for church and
other meetings. . . . We have frequent
inquiries for book lists; we constantly
recommend books. . . . Earlier efforts in-
cluded not only much counselling with
leaders in other denominations and groups
like the Y.M. and Y.W.C.A. and speaking
for many church and labor groups, but
also the preparation of several curricular
studies. These were widely used by the
Epworth League, the Board of Sunday
Schools, the Student Movement and others.
We have reason to believe that these
studies, supplemented by the social inter-
pretation of the Sunday School Lesson
for two years and the contribution of a
page each month to the 'Adult Bible Class
Monthly' have promoted social thinking in
our own denomination and others. This
policy of cooperation has been continued
through this quadrennium. For instance:
The secretaries are regular members of
the Department of Social Service and Re-
search and Education of the Federal Coun-
cil of Churches, with a voice in those pro-
grams; we constantly use the resources of
the Council. The office prepared eight
articles for a handbook on social service
for the Research Dept. Both secretaries
contribute to Sunday School publications.
Miss Chappell is on the Topics Committee
of the Epworth League, helped to prepare
the Social Service Manual, has written a
chapter for the forthcoming social service
text book and in other words counsels with
that organization. . . . The special material
on the Passaic Strike" (the Communist-
led so-called "first lesson in revolution")
"which was used in the Passaic number
of the 'Christian Century' was collected by
the office. The task was undertaken
because of the bearing of that industrial
struggle on a Christian social order. As
this report goes to press, the Federation

192

The Red Network

is joining with the Department of Social
Relations of the Congregational Education
Society in a conference of preachers to be
held at Pittsburg, April 24 to 26th, to face
up the coal crisis. ..." "Soon after the
organization of the Federation there sprang
into existence in several annual conferences
small voluntary groups of preachers who
set themselves to support our program. . . .
Most o-f the commissions function most
actively at annual conference time. The
presentation of statements on social issues
on the conference floor, obtaining a place
on the conference program for the social
message ... are typical activities. Several
commissioners see that the message is pre-
sented at the district conferences. The Rock
River commission cooperates closely with
the Chicago Church Federation and has
been interested in free speech, preachers'
salaries, the Book Concern and organized
labor. . . . The Colorado and Pittsburgh
groups have concerned themselves with the
coal strikes. . . . The Methodist Federation
for Social Service is celebrating its twen-
tieth anniversary. A national committee
of 63, with Ernest F. Tittle as chairman
and G. Bromley Oxnam as executive secre-
tary, is sponsoring the celebration. The
occasion is being used to promote church-
wide discussion of such issues as war,
property, labor, civil liberties." (Signed)
"By Francis J. McConnell, president; Harry
F. Ward, secretary." (Note the Vanguard
Press above.) The 1933 Bulletins, as one
ex-Communist Party executive remarked,
"read like the Daily Worker, only
more so."

Exec. Com.: F. J. McConnell, H. F. Rail,
George Elliott, Herbert N. Shenton, Ralph B.
Urmy; treas., Gilbert Q. LeSourd; secretaries:
Harry F. Ward, Winifred L. Chappell; National
Com.: E. F. Tittle, chmn., G. Bromley Oxnam,
exec, sec., F. W. Adams, Springfield, Mass.; O.
W. Auman, Chgo.; Ray Allen, Hornell, N.Y.;
M. P. Burns, Phila.; L. H. Bugbee, Minneapolis;
King D. Beach, Chgo.; Dan B. Brummitt, Chgo.;
Stella W. Brummitt, Chgo.; Esther Bjornberg,
Chgo.; F. O. Beck, Evanston; E. W. Blakeman,
Berkeley, Cal.; W. C. Barclay, Chgo.; James C.
Baker, Urbana, 111.; Geo. A. Coe. Glendora, Cal.;
R. E. Diffendorfer, N.Y.; Edw. T. Devine, Wash-
ington; D. F. Diefendorf, E. Orange, N.J.; E. T.
Dennett, San Fran.; A. E. Day, Pitts.; F. C.
Ebinger, Oak Park, 111.; F. B. Fisher, India;
R. W. Graham, Creston, la.; W. E. J. Gratz,
Chgo.; W. M. Gilbert, Madison, N.J.; A. A.
Heist, Denver; Paul Hutchinson, Chgo.; L. O.
Harlman, Boston; H. S. Hamilton, Boise, Idaho;
E. S. Hammond, Salem, Ore.; Isabelle Horton,
Lake Bluff, 111.; A. W. Harris, N.Y.; C. P. Har-
graves, Chgo.; Frank Kingdon, Lansing, Mich.;
Louisa Litzel, Vickery, O.; J. C. Lazenby, Mil-
waukee; J. W. Langdale, Brooklyn; H. E. Luc-
cock, N.Y.; Jesse Lacklen, Billings, Mont.; G. S.
Lackland, Meadville, Pa.; Amy Lewis, N.Y.;
W. H. McMaster, Alliance, O.; Mary McDowell,
Chgo,; H. H. Meyer, N.Y.; A. E. Monger, South

Bend, Ind.; Edw. Laird Mills, Portland, Ore.;
J. R. Magee, Seattle; O. H. McGill, Seattle;
F. M. North, N.Y.; O. T. Olson, Baltimore; Earl
Roadman, Mitchell, S.D.; W. J. Sherman, San
Fran.; W. B. Spaulding, Billings, Mont.; C. D.
Skinner, Tulsa, Okla.; W. L. Stidger, Kansas
City; Robt. L. Tucker, Columbus; W. P. Thir-
kield, Chattanooga; Worth M. Tippy, N.Y.; L. K.
Willman, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Herbert Welch,
Korea; V. O. Ward, Minneapolis; James M. Yard,
N.Y. (now Chgo.).

Executive Com. 1933:

Francis J. McConnell, Herbert N. Shenton,
Ralph B. Urmy, Halford E. Luccock, Charles C.
Webber, Robt. Leonard Tucker, Gilbert S. C9x.
Officers: Pres., Bishop Francis J. McConnell; vice
pres., Harris Franklin Rail; sec.-treas., Gilbert Q.
LeSourd; secretaries, Harry F. Ward, Winifred L.
Chappell.

Hdqts. ISO Fifth Ave., New York.

MEXICAN PROPAGANDA

In 1927 Elias Calles was the Communist-
supported President of Mexico and Amer-
ican property in Mexico was to be seized.
Soviet forces, aided by Communist agents
from the U.S., were very active, and, lest
the U.S. should intervene and spoil the
Soviet plot to gain control of the Mexican
government, the U.S. was flooded with
"non-intervention" propaganda through
the communist Ail-American Anti-Imper-
ialist League echoed by such committees
as the National Citizens Committee on
Relations with Latin America, Non-inter-
vention Citizens Committee, Committee on
Relations with Latin America, and about
250 Hands Off Mexico (Nicaragua and
China) Committees. The Garland Fund
at the same time spent thousands of dol-
lars on "Anti-imperialism" work. The com-
munist Daily Worker, Oct. 8, 1927, said:
"The following telegram from the Com-
munist Party of Mexico was received yes-
terday by the Daily Worker: 'Mexico
City, Oct. 6, 1927: Reaction has launched
revolt. We request agitation on behalf of
the Mexican proletariat in its struggle
jointly with the government. (Signed)
Mexican Communist Party.' " The Daily
Worker then went on to comment: "The
foregoing telegram, in harmony with all
reports from Mexico, is taken as indicating
the policy of the Mexican Communist
Party in the present crisis. ... As against
the present counter-revolutionary attempts
of agents of U.S. oil speculators allied with
the whole landlord and clerical group of
reaction, ... the Communist Party of
Mexico calls upon the working class and
peasantry to resort to arms in defense of
the Calles government and urges the
workers and farmers of the United States
to support the Calles government against

Organizations, Etc.

193

the counter-revolutionary reaction." Said
Marvin (Data Sheet 25-6, Feb. 1, 1927):
"It is probably true that the President of
Mexico is ... not a member of any Com-
munist organization. . . . The fact remains
however that the alleged constitution of
Mexico is aimed to destroy both religion
and the private property rights. The initial
steps have been taken in both cases. The
attack on the Catholic Church is more or
less of a 'smoke screen' to hide the real
issue. It was the belief of the advisors of
those who put over the alleged present
constitution that such an attack would
bring to the support of Mexico all anti-
Catholics in the United States. It has con-
fused a great many. The pronounced anti-
Catholic organizations have been swept
almost bodily to the support of Mexico.
When the final step was taken to deprive
the Catholiqs of the liberties accorded
them in the past the forces in Mexico
directing this knew what was going on in
Nicaragua. In fact they were directing
them in Nicaragua as they were directing
them in Mexico."

Sept. 1933 press reports stated that 300
churches were being closed in Mexico
which would indicate that Red influences
are still active there. Travel literature,
1934, states that any minister of the Gos-
pel must secure special permission to enter
Mexico.

MIDWEST WORKERS
CULTURAL FEDERATION
Midwest section of the communist
Workers Cultural Federation (see).

MILITANT LEFT WING
MINERS OF AMERICA

New Red miners union founded Sept.
1933; bd. of admin.:

Walter Seacrist, Powers Hapgood, Tom Tippett,
Dennis Shaw, Gerry Allard, Loren Norman, Wm.
Truax, James White, Jo Angelo, Ricco Florini;
Or^an is "The Fighting Miner," first issue, Oct.,
1933; editors, Loren Norman and Gerry Allard;
bus. mgr., Irene Allard, wife of Gerry.

Box 202, Springfield, Illinois.

MILWAUKEE LEADER
Socialist Party newspaper; Victor Berger
formerly editor.

MINE, OIL AND SMELTER WORKERS

INDUSTRIAL UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. Union.

MOSCOW DAILY NEWS

Communist propaganda paper published
in English in Moscow; M. M. Borodin,

ed.; Anna Louise Strong (associate of Jane
Addams), assoc. ed.

N
NATION, THE

"Advocate of revolutionary socialism"
(Lusk Report); a weekly; founded by
Oswald Garrison Villard.

Board of Editors: Ernest Gruening, Freda Kirch-
wey, Joseph Wood Krutch; Associate Editors:
Mauritz A. Hallgren, Margaret Marshall. Dorothy
Van Doren; Contributing Editor, Oswald Garrison
Villard.

In 1933 Villard relinquished editorship
of "The Nation," turning it over to Board
of Editors, and became a contributing
editor.

NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
ON RADIO IN EDUCATION

Broadcasts over nation-wide network in
cooperation with the left wing socialist
League for Industrial Democracy, featur-
ing radical speakers; recommends radical
books.

Officers: Robert A. Millikan, pres.; Livingston
Farrand, Meta Glass, Robert M. Hutchins (pres.
of the Univ. of Chgo.), Walter Dill Scott, (pres.
Northwestern U.), Michael I. Pupin, vice presi-
dents; Ralph Hayes, treas. and chmn. bd.; Wm.
J. Donovan, vice chmn. bd.; Levering Tyson,
sec.-treas.; Com. on Economics: Harry W Laid-
ler, chmn.; Felix Morley, sec.; Wesley C. Mit-
chell, H. G. Moulton, E. G. Nourse, Rexford G.
Tugwell; League for Industrial Democracy Com-
mittee: Harry W. Laidler, Wesley C. Mitchell,
George Soule, Norman Thomas, Levering Tyson.

Hdqts.: 60 E. 42nd St., N.Y. City or
L.I.D., 112 E. 19th St., N.Y. City.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR
ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE
N.A.A.C.P.

Communists Wm. Z. Foster, Benj. Git-
low, Scott Nearing, Eliz. Gurley Flynn,
Robt. W. Dunn, and their fellow Garland
Fund directors, Norman Thomas, etc., were
generous with appropriations of $31,552
(1925-28), $7,365 (1923-24), and $5,000
(1929-30) to the N.A.A.C.P.

The official Report of the Communist
Party's 4th national convention stated that
the Party had penetrated the N.A.A.C.P.
Socialist Florence Kelley (formerly of Hull
House), the personal friend of Engels and
Lenin, with Jane Addams, a founder and
"for twenty years a member of the board
of directors," was very active in the N.A.
A.C.P. The field secretary, Wm. Pickens,
is a Socialist Party member, active as well
in Communist affairs and organizations
(see "Who's Who"). James Weldon John-

194

The Red Network

son, now and for years, an executive of
the N.AA.C.P. and also a Garland Fund
director, has served at the same time in
company with most of the Garland Fund
directors on the national committee of the
"Reds' aid society," the A.C.L.U. W. E. B.
DuBois, another N.AA.P.C. executive, is a
Socialist and also member of Communist
subsidiaries (A.S.C.R.R., A.A.A.I. Lg., etc.)
and received money directly from the Gar-
land Fund in 1928 for services. Clarence
Darrow, John Haynes Holmes, Oswald G.
Villard, and other executives, have similar
affiliations.

The N.A.A.C.P. emulates the A.C.L.U.
among Negroes. In fighting for "Negro
rights" naturally it has won the friendship
of many Negroes, themselves opposed to
the Red movement, who believe it to be
a purely altruistic agency without radical
or political motivation.

An article, sarcastically entitled "Ever
Sincerely, Walter White," in the commu-
nist I.L.D. magazine "Labor Defender," for
Aug. 1933, is a typical exhibit of the quar-
relsomeness and professional jealousy shown
between the "family" of cooperating rad-
icals and their organizations. To quote:

"Three months ago, pressed by its member-
ship, the N.A.A.C.P., of which Walter White is
Secretary, asked the I.L.D. for authorization to
collect funds for the Scottsboro defense. This was
granted but, finding that the agreement had been
broken by the N.A.A.C.P., Wm. L. Patterson, Nat.
Sec. of the I.L.D. wrote a letter on June 1,
demanding that the funds be unconditionally
turned over to the I.L.D."

Then follows a very sneering analysis of
White's letter ending "Ever sincerely,
Walter White"; then the article resumes:

"Wm. Patterson's reply shows how the N.A.A.
C.P. in 1931 and 1932 collected $7,178.63 for the
defense. The letter states: 'This is the most un-
principled case of robbery, known in the history
of the struggle of the Negro masses.' . . . The
difference between the legal 'defense' of the N.A.A.
C.P. and the I.L.D. policy of the 'unity of mass
action with legal defense' is then gone into after
which Comrade Patterson mentions the 'distin-
guished white and Negro citizens' serving on the
Executive Board of the N.A.A.C.P., such gentle-
men as Lt. Col. J. E. Spingarn . . . Senator Capper
of Kansas . . . Governor Herbert Lehmann of New
York and Frank Murphy now governor of the
Philippines, and Mayor of Detroit at the time of
the Ford Massacre of March, 1932."

This is a sarcastic inference that Mur-
phy is opposed to radicals, whereas one
might point to his appointment by Pres.
Roosevelt as Gov. of the Philippines, his
praise by the A.C.L.U. (see), and the hold-
ing of Communist meetings in Detroit
public schools while he was Mayor, as
evidence to the contrary. At one meeting
in a Public School, Detroit, the Commu-
nists held a mock trial and condemned

Henry Ford to death, according to the
Communist press. The article says Patter-
son's letter ended with:

"We call the membership of the N.A.A.C.P. . . .
to join and build the Scottsboro Action Commit-
tees. . . . Step over the heads of your leadership.
. . . Only mass pressure will free the Scottsboro
boys."

A 1931 letterhead lists:

J. E. Spingarn as Pres.; Vice Presidents: Arthur
Capper, Senator from Kansas, Bishop John A.
Gregg, John Haynes Holmes, James Weldon John-
son, Arthur B. Spingarn, Oswald G. Villard;
Executive Officers: Mary Ovington White, chmn.
bd.; Walter White, sec.; Dr. W. E. B. DuBois,
Robt. W. Bagnall, dir. of branches; Wm. Pickens,
field sec.; Mrs. Daisy Lampkin, regional field
sec.; Herbert J. Seligmann, dir. of publicity; Wm.
T. Andrews, special legal asst.; National Legal
Committee: Arthur B. Spingarn, chmn.; James
Marshall, Herbert K. Stockton, Felix Frankfurter,
Chas. H. Studin, Clarence Darrow, T. J. Nutter.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT
The official name of the group directing
the Pioneer Youth of America (see).

NATIONAL CATHOLIC
WELFARE CONFERENCE
Cooperates with the Federal Council of
Churches, Central Conference of Amer-
ican Rabbis, Catholic Association for
International Peace, American Civil Liber-
ties Union, etc.; dir. Social Action Dept,
John A. Ryan of the A.C.L.U. (same
position held by John A. Lapp, 1920-27).

NATIONAL CHILD LABOR

COMMITTEE

Abolition of child labor is a worthy
humanitarian cause, with which most
kindly people are in sympathy, but the
outstanding Socialists active on this com-
mittee, in accordance with Socialist prin-
ciples, seek more than is apparent on the
surface. They back all laws giving parents
less and the State more and more control
over children. Socialism aims at abolition
of private ownership of children, and of
Christian marriage, as well as of property
rights. Complete State control of children,
free abortions, and free love in Russia
today, are the fulfillment of this Marxian
Socialist dogma.

NATIONAL CITIZENS COMMITTEE
ON RELATIONS WITH LATIN

AMERICA
Nat. Citiz. Com. Rel. Lat. Am.

A committee echoing the communist
A.A.A.I. Lg's. "Hands Off" propaganda;
similar to the Non-intervention Citizens
Committee; formed in Wash., D.C., with

Organizations, Etc.

195

hdqts. at the Peoples Legislative Service,
in 1927, when the U.S. Govt. was having
trouble with the Communist-supported
Nicaraguans and Calles' Communist-sup-
ported Mexican Govt., which was intent
on seizing American-owned property (and
was persecuting religion in true Soviet
style) ; it circulated the statement of the
revolutionary Nicaraguan Governor whom
the U.S. Govt. refused to recognize; and,
said Marvin: it "is the organization which
we are forced to opine sent Rev. Samuel
Guy Inman" (of the Garland Fund Com.
on American Imperialism (see) ) "into
Mexico for the purpose of manufacturing
a little additional propaganda with which
to flood the United States. John F.
Moors of Boston, who is listed as president,
in a recent statement said the committee
... believed 'that our present Latin
American policy as manifested in Nicara-
gua, Mexico, and elsewhere is in violation
of every sound American tradition.' . . . The
Honorary President of the Nat. Citiz. Com.
is Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska
who, just now, is being strongly touted
as a candidate for President on a third
ticket to be guided by the same Socialist-
Liberal forces that guided the candidacy of
LaFollette and Wheeler. Practically all of
them were backers of the Socialist ticket
— LaFollette and Wheeler — in 1924.
... In view of the Communist agitation
in connection with the Sacco-Vanzetti affair
... the same names in many instances, will
be found attached to petitions in favor of
the two condemned murderers ... a large
percentage ... are closely related with the
Socialist Party." (Marvin Data Sheets,
25-12, 28-23, 34-15, 1927) "The complete
list follows":

Hon. pres., Senator Geo. W. Norris; pres., John
F. Moors, Mass.; sec., Mercer G. Johnson, Md.;
treas W. P. Neville, Wash., D.C.; hon. vice
presidents: Mrs. Edw. P. Costigan, Colo.; Mrs.
J. Borden Harriman, Wash., D.C.; Bishop Francis
J. McConnell, Pa.; Cong. R. Walton Moore, Va.;
Sen. David I. Walsh, Mass.; Wm. Allen White,
Kans.; Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, N.Y.; Members:
Dr. Felix Adler, N.Y.; Judge Geo. W. Anderson,
Mass.; Mrs. Francis C. Axtcll, Wash.; Hon. New-
ton D. Baker, O.; James H. Batten, Cal.; Judge
Robt. W. Bingham, Ky. ; Mrs. Emily Newell Blair,
Mo.; Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch, N.Y ; Rev W
Russell Bowie, N.Y.; Alfred Brandeis, Ky.; P. H.
Callahan, Ky.; Wm. F. Cochran, Md.; Everett
Colby, N.Y.; Pres. Ada A. Comstock, Mass.;
Herbert Croly, N.Y.; Oscar K. Gushing, Cal.;

. ,

Dr. Edw. P. Devine, Wash., D.C.; Prof. John
Dewey, N.Y.; Prof. Wm. E. Dodd, 111.; Judge
Chas. A. Douglas, Wash., D.C.; Prof. Edw. Meade

Arthur Garfield Hays, N.Y.; Morris Hillquit,
N.Y.; Prof. Wm. E. Hocking, Mass.; Dr. Samuel
Guy Inman, N.Y.; Will Irwin, N.Y.; Rabbi Edw.
L. Israel, Md.; Cong. Meyer Jacobstein, N.Y.;
W. D. Jamieson, Wash., D.C.; Edw. Keating,
Wash., D.C.; Paul U. Kellogg, N.Y.; Mrs. Eliz.
T. Kent Cal.; Horace G. Knowles, N.Y.; Cong.
O. J. Kvale, Minn.; Sen. Robt. M. LaFollette,
Wis.; Cong. F. La Guardia, N.Y.; Geo. La Monte,
N.J.; John A. Lapp, 111.; Mrs. Henry Goddard
Leach, N.Y.; Jos. Lee, Mass.; Hon. John Lind,
Minn.; Pres. H. N. MacCracken, N.Y.; Judge
Julian W. Mack, 111.; Amy G. Maher, O.; Basil
M. Manly, Wash., D.C.; Lowell Mellett, Wash.,
D.C.; Prof. S. E. Morison. Mass.; James H.
Moyle, Utah; Pres. Wm. A. Neilson, Mass.; David
K. Niles, Mass.; Mrs. Gordon Norrie, N.Y.; Sen.
Gerald P. Nye, N.D.; John D. Pearmain, N.Y.;
Prof. Bliss Perry, Mass.; Dr. Albert H. Putney,
Wash., D.C.; Jackson H. Ralston, Cal.; Donald
R. Richberg, 111.; Dr. Wm. L. Robins, Wash.,
D.C.; Elmer E. Rogers, Wash., D.C.; Hon. Cato
Sells, Tex.; Prof. Frederick Starr, Wash., D.C.:
Moorfield Storey, Mass.; Prof. F. W. Taussig,
Mass.; Norman Thomas, N.Y.; Hon. Huston
Thompson, Colo.; Mrs. Eliz. Towne, Mass.; Oswald
Garrison Villard, N.Y.; Hon. Carl S. Vrooman,
111.; Henry A. Wallace, la.; Frank P. Walsh,
N.Y.; Cong. Knud Wefald, Minn.; Sen. Burton
K. Wheeler, Montana; Wm. Allen White, Kans.;
Prof. Tyrell Williams, Mo.; Prof. A. P. Winston,
Tex.; Pres. Mary E. Woolley, Mass.; Peter
Witt, 0.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE
DEFENSE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS
Nat. Com. Def. Pol. Pris.

Formed 1931 as an outgrowth of the
communist Emergency Committee for
Defense of Southern Political Prisoners
— "political prisoners" being the radical
term for those arrested for seditious revo-
lutionary activities; communist intellectuals
and sympathizers led by

Theo. Dreiser, chmn.; Lincoln Steffens, Sher-
wood Anderson, vice chmn.; John Dos Passes,
treas.; Melvin P. Levy, sec.; Adelaide G. Walker,
asst. sec.; com. members: Harry Elmer Barnes,
William Rose Benet, Prof. Franz Boas, Lester
Cohen, Eleanor Copenhaver, Malcolm Cowley,
Bruce Crawford, Edward Dahlberg, Floyd Dell,
Adolph Dehn, Edgar Fraley, Waldo Frank, Hugo
Gellert, Lydia Gibson, Murray Godwin, Eugene
Gordon, C. Hartley Grattan, Paul Green, Horace
Gregory, Julius Heiman, Josephine Herbst, Lang-
ston Hughes, Grace Hutchins, Maxwell Hyde,
Leon Kahn Yereth Kahn, Alfred Kreymborg,
Suzanne LaFollette, Pierre Loving, Louis Lozo-
wick, George Maurer, Claude McKay, Edna St.
Vincent Millay, Dr. Henry Neumann, Samuel

.. . .

Earle, N.Y.; Mrs. Mary E. Fels, N.Y.; Prof.
Irving Fisher, Conn.; Wm. Floyd, N.Y.; Mrs. J.
Malcolm Forbes, Mass.; Sen. Lynn J Frazier
N.D.; Zona Gale, Wis.; Dean V. C. Gildersleeve)
N.Y.; Eliz. Gilman, Md.; J. W. Gitt, Pa.; Prof.
Chas. W. Hackett, Tex.; Norman Hapgood, N.Y.;

beaver, Upton bmclair, Bernard J. Stern, Ruth
Stout, William Monroe Trotter, Mary Heaton
Vorse, Charles R. Walker, Webb Waldron, Eric
Walrond, Walter Wilson, Ella Winter (Mrs. Lin-
coln Steffens), Carl Zigrosser, Marguerite Zorach,
William Zorach.

Hdqts. Room 337 St. Denis Bldg., llth
and Broadway, N.Y. City. (Communist
hdqts.)

The Daily Worker, Nov. 13, 1933, car-
ried a picture of

"Members of delegation of Nat. Com. for Def.
Pol. Pris. now in Tuscaloosa, Ala. . . . Members

196

The Red Network

of the delegation are: Alfred H. Hirsch, secretary
Nat. Com. for Def. Pol. Pris. (of N.Y.); Jessica
Henderson, Boston, prominent in Sacco-Vanzetti
defense; Howard Kester, Nashville, Term., South-
ern Secretary, Fellowship of Reconciliation; Bruce
Crawford, Norton, Va., editor, Crawford's Weekly;
Hollace Ransdell of Ky., investigator for A.C.L.U.
in Scottsboro case; Grace Lumpkin of South
Carolina, author 'To Make My Bread,' proletarian
novel; Barbara Alexander of Savannah, Georgia,
artist."

NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON
LABOR INJUNCTIONS

Formed by A.C.L.U. 1932 to prevent
employers who are harassed by radical
strikers from obtaining injunctions pro-
hibiting their activities. Chas. F. Amidon
(former Judge), chmn.; Forrest Bailey, sec.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO AID

STRIKING MINERS FIGHTING

STARVATION

N.C. to A.S.M.F.S.

Formed to aid the communist National
Miners Union operating in Pineville and
Harlan County, Ky., 1931; an intellectual
communistic group headed by

Communist John Dos Passes, chmn.; Hugo
Gellert, sec.; Leon Kahn, treas.; com. members:
Sherwood Anderson, Roger Baldwin, Polly Boyden,
"Bishop" Wm. M. Brown, Horace B. Davis, Agnes
De Lima, Floyd Dell, Babette Deutsch, H. W. L.
Dana, Robert W. Dunn, Clifton P. Fadiman,
Sarah Bard Field, Waldo Frank, Lydia Gibson,
Eugene Gordon, Michael Gold, William Cropper,
Charles Yale Harrison, Harold Hickerson, Sidney
Hook, Grace Hutchins, Horace M. Kallen, Carol
Weiss King, Corliss Lament, Margaret Larkin,
Melvin P. Levy, Jessie Lloyd, Robert Morss
Lovett, Louis Lozowick, Paul Luttinger, M.D.,
Clarina Michelson, Elsie Reed Mitchell, M.D.,
Lewis Mumford, Liston M. Oak, Harvey O'Con-
nor, Samuel Ornitz, Webster Powell, Harry Alan
Potamkin, John Cowper Powys, Anna Rochester,
Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Bernard J. Stern,
Marguerite Tucker, Genevieve Taggard, Mary
Heaton Vorse, Alfred Wagenknecht, Charles K.
Walker, Rev. Eliot White, Anita Whitney, Walter
Wilson, Charles Erskine Scott Wood, and Carl
Zigrosser.

Hdqts. 799 Broadway, N.Y. City (from
letter appealing for funds, dated June 21,
1932, signed by Chas. R. Walker).

NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO AID
VICTIMS OF GERMAN FASCISM

Nat. Com. to Aid Vic. G. Fascism.

Organized by communist Workers Inter-
national Relief 1933, "affiliated member-
ship 400,000" (Daily Wkr., 9/29/33).

National Officers: A. J. Muste, chmn.; Dr.
Harry A. Warwick, vice chmn.; Alfred Wagen-
knecht, exec, sec.; J. B. Matthews, treas.; Inter-
national officers: Lord Marley (Labor Party),
London, England, chmn.; Prof. Francis Jourdain,

Paris, France, sec.; International Supporters:
England: Fenner Brockway (I.L.P.); Alice Neal
(Coop, guild) ; Saklatvala (Communist Party) ;
Jim Watson (Catholic Crusade); Havelock Ellis;
E. Sylvia Pankhurst (Communist); France:
Romain Rolland (Communist); Prof. Challaye;
Henri Barbusse (Communist) ; Mme. Gabrielle
Duchene (W.I.L.P.F. and communist Lg. against
Imperialism); Mme. Wanner (W.I.L.P.F.);
Czechoslovakia: Prof. Nejedly; Egon Erwin
Kisch; C. Weiskopf; Franz Hoellering; Prof.
Schalda; Holland: Regisseur Joris Ivans; Helene
Ankersmith; Belgium: Henry Marteau and
Karel Van Dooren; Germany: Prof. Albert Ein-
stein, Ernst Toller, E. J. Gumbel, Hanns Eeisler,
Arthur Holitscher, Willi Muenzenburg (intl. sec.
of communist Intl. Lg. against Imperialism), Prof.
Arthur Eddington, Prof. Levy, Hugh Walpole,
Ellen Wilkinson, Edo Fimmen, Harry Pollitt, Count
Michael Karolyi, Prof. Manoury, L. Levy-
Bruehl, Paul Langevin, Charles Nicolle; U.S.A.
Supporters: Harry Elmer Barnes, Konrad Ber-
covici, Roger Baldwin, Prof. Franz Boas, Robert
C. Brooks, Stephen V. Benet, Heywood Broun,
Leo Bulgakov, Malcolm Cowley, Dorothy Cher-
tak, Ralph Cheyney, Prof. Merle Curti, Prof.
Addison T. Cutler, Prof. Horace B. Davis, Will
Durant, Robert W. Dunn, Edward Dahlberg, Olin
Downes, Prof. H. W. L. Dana, Floyd Dell,
Joseph Freeman, Donald Friede, Clifton Fadiman,
Rabbi Benjamin Goldstein, Louis Golding, Mor-
decai Gorelik, Michael Gold, Granville Hicks,
Max S. Hayes, Ali A. Hassan, Carl Haessler, Inez

Haynes Irwin, Maxwell Hyde, Francis Fisher
Kane, Carol Weiss

Jerome Klein, J. A.
;, Maxim-

Maxwell Hydi
;iss King, Ten

Kittine, Joshua Kuntz, Eva Le Gallienne, Maxim-
Lieber, Louis Lozowick, Corliss Lamont, Jessie
Lloyd, Lola Maverick Lloyd, Prof. Robert Morss
Lovett, Prof. R. M. Mac Iver, Dr. Lillian Mil-
grim, Rev. Lester Mondale, Henry Newman, Prof.
Wm. L. Nunn, Harry Alan Potamkin, Dr. William
J. Robinson, Burton Rascoe, Meyer Shapiro, Prof.
Bernard J. Stern, Harry Slochower, W. R. Sassa-
man, Prof. Winifred Smith, George Soule, Prof.
Margaret Schlauch, Lincoln Steffens, Otto Sattler,
Lucia Trent, Ella Winter, Nathaniel Weyl, John
Wexley.

Supporting organizations (listed on let-
terhead) :

Workers International Relief (Communist) ;
Conference for Progressive Labor Action (left
wing Socialist, cooperates with Communists) ;
International Labor Defense (Communist) ; Jew-
ish Workers and People's National Committee
Against Fascism and Pogroms in Germany; Ger-
man National Anti-Fascist United Front; commu-
nist Intl. Workers Order; communist T.U.U.L.;
Communist Party; Arbeiter Saengerbund of U.S.;
Neue Volkszeitung; communist National Miners
Union; communist Natur Freunde (Nature
Friends) ; German Workers and Farmers Verband
(Winnipeg, Canada) ; Socialist Jewish Workers
Party (Left Paoli Zion) ; Amalgamated Food
Workers; communist A.F. of L. Committee for
Unemployment Insurance; communist Needle
Trades Workers Industrial Union; communist
Shoe Workers, and also Food Workers, Industrial
Unions; Italian Anti-Fascist Committee of Action;
Youth United Front Against German Fascism;
Cultural United Front Against German Fascism;
communist Finnish Workers Federation; Der
Arbeiter; Kampf-Signal ; German Workers Clubs;
Arbeiter Turn und Sport Bund, U.S.A.; New York
German Branch of Socialist Party; Elizabeth
German Branch Socialist Party.

Hdqts. 75 Fifth Ave., Room 5, N.Y.
City; Chicago Committee Hdqts. Room
310, 208 N. Wells St.

Organizations, Etc.

197

NATIONAL CONSUMERS LEAGUE

Nat. Cons. Lg.

A Garland-Fund-aided, Socialist-con-
trolled organization founded in 1916 by
Socialist Florence Kelley (formerly of Hull
House, translator of Marx and Engels, and
friend and correspondent of Engels and
Lenin); organizes workers; issues "white
lists" to blacklist firms not conforming to
its program; ostensibly promotes consump-
tion of union made goods, etc.

In 1931, Florence Kelley (now deceased) was
gen. sec.; Dr. John R. Commons of Madison,
Wis., pres.; and Jane Addams, Newton D. Baker,
Mrs. Edw. P. Costigan, Alice Hamilton, John
Haynes Holmes, Julia C. Lathrop, Henry R.
Mussey, Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Mrs. M. R.
Trumbull, etc., vice presidents; Mrs. J. Borden
Harriman, chmn. of the bd.; hon. pres., John
Graham Brooks; hon. vice pres., Irving Fisher;
Jacob H. Hollander (John Hopkins), Frank L.
McVey (U. of Ky.), Josiah Morse (U. of S.
Car.), Wm. A. Neilson (Smith Coll.), Jessica B.
Peixotto (U. of Cal.), Dean Roscoe Pound, Dr.
John A. Ryan, E. R. A. Seligman (Columbia U.),
Walter F. Wilcox (Cornell U.), A. B. Wolfe
(Ohio State), Mary E. Woolley (Mt. Holyoke),
etc. (listed on the letter head). Hdqts. 156
Fifth Ave., N.Y. City.

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR

PREVENTION OF WAR
N. C. for P. W.

Seymour Waldman, editor of the N.C.
for P.W. "International Disarmament
Notes," 1931-32, in October 1933 became
head of the Washington bureau of the
communist "Daily Worker." Has been
called "a clearing house for Socialist-Com-
munist pacifist propaganda"; formed Sept.
1921 under chairmanship of a Foreign
Policy Assn. officer; its director, Frederick
J. Libby, to quote Arthur Sears Henning,
"has gained national notoriety for utter-
ances widely regarded as unpatriotic and
which were the cause of the board of edu-
cation of the District of Columbia barring
him from speaking in the Washington pub-
lic schools. Libby is leading the move-
ment for the abolition of military training
in schools. . . . Libby was a prime mover
in organizing the propaganda to deter the
President from withdrawing recognition
from the Calles government if American
properties should be confiscated. . . .
Libby has espoused the Calles side of the
oil and alien land law controversy." (See
Mexican Propaganda.) "... One of the
common aims of the pacifist and radicals
is to weaken the military preparedness of
the United States for national defense. The
most active pacifist organization is the
National Council for Prevention of War
which expends $85,000 a year as a clearing

house for the peace work of 34 groups
among which are the American Association
of University Women, the American Farm
Bureau Federation, the American Fed-
eration of Teachers, which fights military
training of youth, the Fellowship of Recon-
ciliation, the Foreign Policy Assn., the
National Board of the Y.W.C.A., National
Education Assn., National Women's Trade
Union League, Women's International
League for Peace and Freedom, National
Consumers League, the W.C.T.U. and
World Alliance for International Friend-
ship Through the Churches. These com-
ponent organizations of the National Coun-
cil expend independently, partly or wholly
on pacifist propaganda an aggregate of
more than $500,000 a year. Other mem-
bers of the Foreign Policy Association
directorate who are also members of the
directorate of the National Council for
Prevention of War are Jane Addams,
Katherine Ludington, Wm. Allen White,
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, James G.
McDonald and Bishop G. Ashton Oldham."
(From Arthur Sears Henning's "Govern-
ment by Propaganda.") Five of the co-
operating organizations mentioned above
are red Garland Fund proteges.

In 1927 it claimed to have sent out
"more than 1,000,000 pieces of literature"
to 13,600 newspapers, 75,000 ministers and
others, against the President's naval pro-
gram alone, to have voted a budget of
$113,000 for 1928 and maintained a staff
of 11 persons in the two offices in Wash-
ington and California with 7 stenographers,
14 clerks, and 3 "speakers in the fields."
Hdqts. in 1932 were 532 Seventeenth
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.; branch
offices in San Francisco, Portland, Ore.,
Louisville, Ky., Springfield, Mass., Des
Moines, la.

Exec, sec., Frederick J. Libby; vice chairmen,
Jane Addams, Rev. Peter Ainslie, Clement M.
Biddle, Mrs. Louis D. Brandeis, Mrs. J. Borden
Harriman, Will Irwin, John A. Lapp, Julia C.
Lathrop, Katharine Ludington, Bishop Francis J.
McConnell, James G. McDonald, Hugh S. Magill,
Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, Bishop G. Ashton Old-
ham, Mrs.^ Arthur Charles Watkins, and William
Allen White; exec. bd. : T. Janney Brown,
William F. Cochran, Edward T. Devine, Elizabeth
Eastman, Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes, Elisabeth Gil-
man, Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Arthur E. Holder
Rabbi Edward L. Israel, Frederick J. Libby, Felix
Morley, Rev. R. A. McGowan, Mrs. Sina M.
Stanton, Richard R. Woop; assoc. secretaries:
Mrs. Florence Brewer Boeckel, Eleanor D. Bran-
nan, Gaylord W. Douglass, Mrs. Mary Flahaven,
J. J. Handsaker, Thomas Que Harrison, Mrs.
Laura Puffer Morgan, Jeannette Rankin, Dorothy
Reed, Cynthia Smith, E. Guy Talbott, Jacob H.
Taylor, Harry E. Terrell, Seymour B. Waldman
Arthur Charles Watkins, Mary Phillips Webster
and Mary Ida Winder; office sec.: Mrs. Gladys
K. Gould Mackenzie; treas.: T. Janney Brown.

198

The Red Network

Listed on the 1932 letterhead as "Par-
ticipating Organizations" are:

Am. Assn. Univ. Women; Am. Fed. Tchrs.;
Am. School Citizenship Lg.; Church of the
Brethren Bd. of Relig. Ed.; C.M.E.; Fell. Recon.;
Gen. Alliance Unitarian Women, Com. on Social
Serv.; Gen. Conf. of Religious Soc. of Friends;
Intl. New Thought Alliance; Nat. Bd. Y.W.C.A.;
Nat. Coun. Jewish Women; Nat. Coun. Jewish
Juniors; Nat. Edu. Assn.; Nat. Fed. of Temple
Sisterhoods; Nat. Reform Assn.; Nat. Worn. Tr.
Un. Lg.; Peace Assn. of Friends in Am.; Soc.
to Eliminate Economic Causes of War; Woman s
Missionary Un. of Friends in Am.; W.I.L.P.F.;
Cooperating Organizations: Central Conf. of
Am. Rabbis; Council of Women for Home Mis-
sions; Nat. Consumers Lg.; Intl. Soc. of Chris-
tian Endeavor; United Synagogue of Am.;
Womens Lg. of the United Synagogue of Am.;
World Peace Union.

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR

PROTECTION OF FOREIGN

BORN WORKERS

Nat. Coun. for Prot. For. Bn. Wkrs.

A Communist subsidiary (U.S. Fish
Report; also P. 77 of Report of Exec.
Com. of Communist International, issued
1924) ; claims 270,000 members, staged
mass demonstration when Congress con-
vened Dec. 6, 1930; agitates against alien
registration, deportation of alien Reds, etc.
The N.Y. World, Oct. 16, 1927, stated:

"Jos. B. Dean, pres. of the Moving Picture
Operators Union, is pres. of the National Council
for Protection of Foreign Born Workers; Nina
Samoradin is nat. sec., and among members of
the board are James H. Maurer, pres. of the Pa.
State Federation of Labor, Timothy Healey of
the Steamfitters Union, W. E. Burghardt Du Bois,
editor of the Crisis, Clarence Darrow, Albert F.
Coyle, Robert Morss Lovett, Arthur Garfield
Hays, and Fred Atkins Moore."

Henry T. Hunt was legal advisor. The
Communist Daily Worker, Dec. 19, 1927
told of a conference of the N.Y. Council
addressed by Robt. W. Dunn and Dr.
Edmund B. Chaffee of the Labor Temple
(of the Presbyterian Church) . Marvin says
the advisory board of the N.Y. Council
was in 1927

"Composed of Adolph Blumfield, Louis F.
Budenz, August Burkhardt (gen. sec. Amalga-
mated Food Workers), Stuart Chase, P. E. Cos-
grove, Solon de Leon, Marion Finn Scott, G. E.
Powers, Robt. H. Haskell, John Dos Passes,
Joseph Freeman, Paxton Hibben, I. A. Kittine,
Horace Liveright, Ludwig Lore, Scott Nearing,
Chas. W. Wood, Arthur Calhoun, Rev. A. Wake-
field Statin.

"All of the above are Communists or
Socialists or closely allied with the Com-
munist-Socialist movement in the United
States. Both the Communists and Social-
ists openly state their purpose is to destroy
the government of the U.S. ... On Jan.
9, 1926 a luncheon conference in opposi-

tion" (to alien registration and deportation
bills) "was held at Hotel Astor, N.Y. City.
At this meeting the bills were denounced in
no uncertain terms by Max J. Kohler, the
prominent pacifist Sherwood Eddy, the
Rev. Chas. K. Gilbert of the Federal Coun-
cil of Churches and Florence F. Cassidy
of the Y.W.C.A. of Bridgeport, Conn. A
letter of denouncement from the Immi-
grants' Protective League of Chicago, upon
whose directorate appear the names of
Jane Addams, Prof. Ernst Freund, Julia C.
Lathrop and other equally well-known
radicals was read." (Marvin Data Sheets,
56-16 and 34-2.)

N.Y. officers and exec, com.:

Pres.: Joseph Dean; vice-pres.: Max Orlowsky,
P. Pascual Cqsgrove; sec.-treas.: Nina Samora-
din; legal advisor: Henry T. Hunt; field sec.:
Jeannette D. Pearl; Executive Committee: Tim-
othy Healy, Max S. Hays, James Maurer, William
Cohen, Fred Suiter, Percy Thomas, J. L. Studder,
A. M. Allman, Carl Appel, Rebecca Grecht, A. G.

Paul J. Zoretich, W. E. B. Du Bois, Clarence
Darrow, Albert F. Coyre, Robert Morss Lovett,
Arthur Garfield Hays, Alice Stone Blackwell,
Francis Fisher Kane, Fred Atkins Moore. (1930
Fish Report of Investigation of Communist Propa-
ganda, Part S, Vol. 4, p. 1321.)

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON
FREEDOM FROM CENSORSHIP

Of the A.C.L.U.; to abolish censorship
of obscene or seditious art, literature, and
movies and for "freedom in schools and
colleges"; fought in behalf of Corliss
Lamont's Russian posters, held by author-
ities as seditious matter. Hdqts. 100 Fifth
Ave., N.Y. City.

Chmn.: Hatcher Hughes; vice chairmen: Bar-
rett H. Clark, Fannie Hurst, Elmer Rice; treas.:
Harry Elmer Barnes; sec.: Gordon W. Moss;
members: Helen Arthur, Bruce Bliven, Dr. Louise
Stevens Bryant. Witter Bynner, James Branch
Cabell, Henry Seidel Canby, Edward Childs Car-
penter, Marc Connolly, Mrs. Mary Ware Den-
nett, Walter Pritchard Eaton, Morris L. Ernst,
Rabbi Sidney E. Goldstein, Paul Green, Dr. Louis
I. Harris. Arthur Garfield Hays, Theresa Helburn,
B. W. Huebsch, Sidney Howard, Rupert Hughes,
Inez Haynes Irwin, Dorothy Kenypn, Kenneth
MacGowan, H. L. Mencken, Lewis Mumford,
Henry Raymond Mussey, George Jean Nathan,
Rabbi Louis I. Newman, Rev. Robert Norwood,
Eugene O'Neill. Maxwell E. Perkins, Llewelyn
Powys, Aaron J. Rosanoff, Robert E. Sherwood,
Claire Sifton, Paul Sifton, Harry Weinberger,
Stewart Edward White, Dr. Ira S. Wile, Harry
Leon Wilson.

NATIONAL EDUCATION
ASSOCIATION

Radical educational association which
fostered the National Save Our Schools
Committee; affiliated with N. C. for P. W.

Organizations, Etc.

199

NATIONAL FARMERS HOLIDAY
ASSOCIATION

A supporting organization of the Com-
munist-organized U.S. Congress Against
War (see) . Its leader, Milo Reno, is active
in the radical Conference for Progressive
Political Action (see).

NATIONAL MINERS UNION
Communist T.U.U.L. Union; hdqts.
Frank Borich, 413 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh,
Pa.; responsible for violence in Ky., Pa.,
and Ohio mining districts; now agitating
in New Mexico and Utah, claiming over
1,000 members in Utah, Carbon County
district.

NATIONAL MOONEY-BILLINGS
COMMITTEE

Aided financially by Garland Fund;
formed by A.C.L.U. to aid the Communist
agitation for release of Mooney and Bill-
ings, convicted of bombing the 1917 San
Francisco Preparedness Day Parade, kill-
ing 10 and injuring 50 persons. Mooney
was then an anarchist-communist labor
agitator and with anarchist Alex. Berk-
man started and ran "The Blast," an anar-
chist paper. His letter to Stalin appears
on the front page of the Communist Labor
Defender for Nov. 1932. In it he says,
"My dear Comrade Stalin" and after
rejoicing over the Fifteenth Anniversary of
the Russian Proletarian Revolution, thanks
Stalin

"For the magnificent spirit of International
working-class solidarity by the militant workers
of Russia in defense of my fight for freedom, and
for the freedom of all class war and political
prisoners. Were it not for the Revolutionary
workers of Petrograd led by our beloved comrade
Lenin, in militant demonstrations before the Amer-
ican Embassy on April 25, 1917, I would not now
be addressing these greetings to you. Thus my
life was saved and my usefulness to the revolution-
ary working class prolonged. It is my hope that
these revolutionary greetings to you and through
you to the Toilers of the Soviet Union will be
presented to you in person on the Fifteenth
Anniversary of the Russian Revolution by my dear
84 year old mother, who will be in Moscow on
Nov. 7th, 1932 in the continued interest of the
working class fight for my freedom from the Dun-
geons of American Capitalist Imperialism. All
hail to the Russian Revolution and the Dictator-
ship of the Proletariat. I'm for it hook, line and
sinker, without equivocation or reservation.
Please accept my warm personal regards and best
wishes. I am, Comradely yours, Tom Mooney,
31921."

Committee Hdqts., 100 Fifth Ave.,
N.Y. City; Henry T. Hunt (Roosevelt
appointee as gen. counsel PWA), chmn.;
members:

Lemuel F. Parton, vice chmn.; Roger N. Bald-
win, sec.; Harry Elmer Barnes, Alice Stone Black-

well, John Rogers Commons, Clarence Darrow,
Jerome Davis, Edward T. Devine, John Dewey,
Robert L. Duffus, Morris L. Ernst, Sara Bard
Field, Glenn Frank, Gilson Gardner, Elizabeth
Giiman, Norman Hapgood, Max S. Hayes, Arthur
Garfieid Hays, Morris Hillquit, Fannie Hurst, Inez
Haynes Irwin, Philip LaFollette, Sinclair Lewis,
Walter W. Liggett, Owen R. Lovejoy, Robert
Morss Lovett, James H. Maurer, Alexander Meikle-
john, H. L. Mencken, Wesley C. Mitchell, Fremont
Older, George D. Pratt, Jr., Roger William Riis,
John A. Ryan, John Nevin Sayre, Alva W. Taylor,
B. C. Vladeck, Stephen S. Wise, W. E. Woodward.

NATIONAL MOONEY COUNCIL
OF ACTION

Formed 1933 by the Communist I.L.D.
for the purpose of drawing radicals
together in a "united front" under Com-
munist leadership for the Mooney ballyhoo
of hate against our "capitalist" govern-
ment upon which Communism thrives.
"Free Tom Mooney" has, with the Scotts-
boro case, been a money making agitation
for the Communist Party and the excuse
for countless riots, strikes, demonstrations
and profitable collections, as was the Sacco-
Vanzetti case, formerly. The "Free Tom
Mooney Congress" called by the Commu-
nist I.L.D. met April 30— May 2, 1933,
in Chgo., and passed the resolution:
"Brother Mooney for 17 years now the
symbol of the unity of working class
martyrdom must now become the living
symbol of the unity of the working class.
. . . Just as the frame-up and imprison-
ment of Tom Mooney was connected with
the preparations for the entry of this coun-
try into the world war, so now the con-
tinued imprisonment of Mooney and other
victims of capitalist class justice ... is the
preparation of a second imperialist war
by the capitalist nations and against the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. . . .
This council hereby establishes the National
Tom Mooney Council of Action, a United
Front for Workers Rights and the Rights
of the Negro People. . . . The legal murder
of the innocent Sacco and Vanzetti was a
part of the price of disunity of the
workers. . . . Mass pressure not the 'justice'
of the courts is responsible for such vic-
tories as the working class has won."

"38 Chicago locals of the A.F. of L., 121
locals of other cities, 23 locals of the Pro-
gressive Miners of S. 111., 82 independent
and revolutionary unions affiliated with the
T.U.U.L. — Delegates from the Commu-
nist Party, Socialist Party, League for
Independent Political Action, Defense
organizations, Young Communist League,
Young People's Socialist League, Industrial
Workers of the World, ..." were repre-
sented by 1,200 delegates according to

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Full text of "The red network; a "who's who" and handbook of radicalism for patriots"

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